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Biomedical subjects

T Shimokawa

Publications and source records attributed to T Shimokawa.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[A study of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB): comparison of low risk group and high risk group].

We started to perform MIDCAB for the cases of markedly low cardiac function from June, 1996 and obtained satisfactory results. So we expanded the indications to include only left anterior descending artery (LAD) lesion from June, 1997 and have since performed this operation on 14 cases. The 14 cases of MIDCAB were divided into two groups, Group L consisting of 6 low risk cases: 1 lesion alone without any complications involving other organ before operation and Group H made up of 8 high risk cases: multi branch lesion but rated as high risk because of the extracorporeal circulation being used. Both Group L and Group H were free of operation death and hospital death. In Group L, all the cases underwent operation without blood transfusion, the period of postoperative stay in ICU was not longer than 1 day, on catecholamine was required after operation and complications were not found either. The patency of the graft was 100 percent. The patients were discharged 13.7 days after operation. In Group H, 2 cases required blood transfusion and 3 cases required catecholamine after operation. Complication arising from operative wound were noted in 3 cases. One GEA graft to the right coronary artery and one LITA to the LAD buried in the muscle were occluded. After operation, hospital stay for 23.9 days was required. In Group L, the postoperative course was excellent, so MIDCAB was considered indicated well for this group. In Group H too, the selection of MIDCAB was considered adequate that the risk of conventional CABG is considered much higher.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Coronary artery bypass grafting with arterial graft alone: radial artery and inferior epigastric artery used in combination].

UNLABELLED: We experienced 8 cases in which Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) was performed by the arterial graft alone with radial artery (RA) and inferior epigastric artery (IEA) used in addition to internal thoracic artery (ITA) and right gastroepiploic artery (RGEA). All the patients were male ranging in age from 50 to 66 years (mean 57.5 year). The number of anastomosis was 3 to 5 branches (mean 3.6 branches). IEA was anastomosed with LITA and used as a composite graft in all cases. As for the proximal anastomosis of RA it was anastomosesd with ascending aorta. On postoperative radiography of graft, LITA, RITA, IEA and RA were all patent and RGEA was occluded only in one anastomosis where it was sequentially used (96.6%). All the patients followed a satisfactory postoperative course, and no case developed any major complications. CONCLUSION: The use of IEA and RA made it possible to perform CABG using only the artery with excellent postoperative results and early patency rate of the graft.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Outcomes of 50 leukemia patients who received bone marrow transplants from unrelated donors].

Fifty leukemia patients were given bone marrow transplants (BMTs) from unrelated donors at Meitetsu Hospital. We studied the outcomes of their transplants from two perspectives: leukemia disease stage and acute graft versus host disease (GVHD). The probability of disease-free survival for standard-risk, high-risk, and super-high risk patients was 65%, 29%, and 8%, respectively. The main causes of death were septicemia, cardiac and renal failure, and relapse of leukemia in the high- and super-high risk patients, and grade III-IV acute GVHD in the standard-risk patients. The incidence of grade II-IV and grade III-IV acute GVHD was 32% and 17%, respectively. All 7 patients in whom grade III-IV severe acute GVHD developed died. We conclude that better control of acute GVHD and treatment of early stage complications are clearly important to improving the outcome of BMTs from unrelated donors, especially for high and super-high risk patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Some properties and action mode of (1-->4)-alpha-L-guluronan lyase from Enterobacter cloacae M-1.

An intracellular alginate lyase was purified from Enterobacter cloacae M-1 by successive fractionation on Q Sepharose FF, SP Sepharose FF, and Sephacryl S-200 HR. The purified enzyme gave a single band on SDS-PAGE and isoelectric focusing. The enzyme easily degraded polyguluronate and produced unsaturated oligoguluronic acids with a wide range of dp. The major end product of the enzyme reaction on polyguluronate was unsaturated triuronic acid. The pattern of oligoguluronic acids (dp 2-9) generated with the enzyme was investigated by fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. The enzyme was not capable of degrading oligoguluronic acids having dp < 4. The degradation rate of heptaguluronic acid by this enzyme remarkably increased, compared with that of hexaguluronic acid, and heptaguluronic acid had a single preferential point of cleavage by this enzyme. On the basis of the cleavage pattern of oligoguluronic acids, the number of subsites was estimated to be seven for this enzyme. The catalytic site of the enzyme is located between the second and the third subsites from the non-reducing end.

Alginates↗
PubMed1997

Effect of triiodothyronine on muscle cell differentiation and blood glucose level in hyperglycemic KK mice.

KK mice are genetically diabetic animals, showing glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. We examined the effects of 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) on the blood glucose level and on mRNA levels of muscle cell differentiation markers in hyperglycemic KK mice. T3 treatment (T1, 1 mg; T3, 3 mg; T10, 10 mg/kg/day) of KK mice for 4 days caused a decrease in blood glucose level by 11%, 25%, and 24%, respectively, without affecting body weight. Skeletal muscle of mice treated with T3 (T10) showed a 98% increase in the mRNA level of the glucose transporter isotype 4 (Glut4). In contrast, T3 treatment did not affect the mRNA level of the isotype 1 (Glut1) transporter. The mRNA level of a muscle cell specific differentiation marker, MyoD, showed a significant increase in the T3 treatment group with an accompanying enhancement of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA level. These results suggest that T3 stimulates muscle cell differentiation in vivo, concomitant with a stimulation of cellular glucose metabolism, thus decreasing the blood glucose level in hyperglycemic KK mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Ordered YAC clone contigs assigned to rice chromosomes 3 and 11.

Yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones were arranged on the positions of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence-tagged site (STS) markers already mapped on the high-resolution genetic maps of rice chromosomes 3 and 11. From a total of 416 and 242 YAC clones selected by colony/Southern hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, 238 and 135 YAC clones were located on chromosomes 3 and 11, respectively. For chromosomes 3 and 11, 24 YAC contigs and islands with total coverage of about 46% and 12 contigs and islands with coverage of about 40%, respectively, were assigned. Although many DNA fragments of multiple copy marker sequences could not be mapped to their original locations on the genetic map by Southern hybridization because of a lack of RFLP, the physical mapping of YAC clones could often assign specific locations of such multiple copy sequences on the genome. The information provided here on contig formation and similar sequence distribution revealed by ordering YAC clones will help to unravel the genome organization of rice as well as being useful in isolation of genes by map-based cloning.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1997

Substrate specificities of alpha-galactosidases from yeasts.

Twenty-nine strains of yeasts, which are capable of using galactose, melibiose, or raffinose, were screened for alpha-galactosidase production. Among the strains, 5 produced intracellular and extracellular alpha-galactosidases, and 2 produced only intracellular enzyme. Substrate specificities of these enzymes were explored using 6(3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-mannotriose and 6(3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-mannotetraose. All enzymes liberated the terminal galactose from 6(3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-mannotriose, but did not the stub galactose from 6(3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-mannotetraose.

Fungal Proteins↗
PubMed1997

Purification and characterization of extracellular poly(beta-D-1,4-mannuronide) lyase from Dendryphiella salina IFO 32139.

An extracellular endo poly(beta-D-1,4-mannuronide) lyase of Dendryphiella salina IF 32139 was purified to homogeneity by Q Sepharose FF and Sephacryl S-200 HR column chromatographies. The purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 35,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and an isoelectric point of 3.65 by isoelectric focusing. The optimum pH and temperature for enzyme activity were pH 5.0 and 45 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme was stable from pH 4 to 10 and at temperature below 40 degrees C. Some divalent cations, Ca2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+, increased the enzyme activity. Hg2+ and NBS strongly inhibited the activity. This enzyme susceptibly degraded poly-M, produced a wide range of 4,5-unsaturated oligomannuronic acids, and further degraded these unsaturated oligomannuronic acids to produce the unsaturated monomer and dimer as final products.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

[The effects of preventive regimens for the prophylaxis of infection after bone marrow transplantation].

The effects of regimens on the prevention of infection in 42 adult leukemia patients receiving bone marrow transplantation was analyzed. Standard risk patients (transplantation in 1st remission of acute leukemia and chronic phase of chronic myelogeneous leukemia received marrow from HLA compatible sibling or autologous marrow) showed shorter febrile days than high risk patients (transplantation in more advanced stage of leukemia and transplantation from unrelated donor), 1.33 mean days vs. 4.93 mean days respectively. Poorer intake of non-absorved antibiotics resulted in higher rate of bacterial colonization in stool after transplantation. And that, the degree of gut sterilization correlated with the duration of febrile days during the period of less than 100/microliter peripheral neutrophil count in high risk patients. Thus, prophylactic regimens of infection in bone marrow transplantation should be considered according to the risk of patient, that is, more practical and complete prophylaxis in risk patients and more conventional one in standard risk patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Open heart surgery without blood transfusion for complete atrioventricular septal defect associated with tetralogy of Fallot].

Open heart surgery without blood transfusion was successfully performed in two patients with complete atrioventricular septal defect associated with tetralogy of Fallot. The postoperative hemodynamics and respiratory status were uneventful in both patients (central venous pressure after ICU admission: 13.7 cmH2O and 11.5 cmH2O, intubation time after surgery: 9 hours and 11 hours). Autologous blood donation immediately after induction of anesthesia and minimization of bypass circuit were effective methods for open heart surgery without blood transfusion, particularly in cyanotic patients requiring prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass for intracardiac repair.

Blood Transfusion, Autologous↗
PubMed1997

[Chronic expanding hematoma following pneumonectomy managed with a thoracic balloon: a case report].

A 64-year-old male was treated for a chronic expanding hematoma three years after pneumonectomy for left lung cancer (p T2N2M0, Stage IIIA). Two years prior to admission a left pleural effusion shadow was detected on a follow-up chest X ray, and since then there had been a progressive mediastinum shift to the right. The suspected diagnosis on referral was recurrent lung cancer or giant intrathoracic hematoma. Chest CT scans and thoracentesis led to a diagnosis of a chronic expanding hematoma developing after pneumonectomy. Surgery was performed because of the severity of symptoms and the progressive nature of the tumor. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of chronic expanding hematoma. During the operation, it was difficult to achieve hemostasis, but bleeding was effectively managed with a thoracic balloon.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1997

[Radial artery for coronary artery bypass graft].

Early postoperative results were studied in 50 cases of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) using a radial artery (RA). The patients ranged in age from 37 to 81 years, with the mean age of 61 years. Of them, 49 were male. An average of RA was 17.6 cm at completion of detachment and 15.6 cm when the graft was cut for use. The internal diameter before anastomosis an average of 3.7 mm on the proximal side and an average of 2.8 mm on the distal side. RA was anastomosed with ascending aorta in 47 cases, with the left internal thoracic artery in 2 cases and with the right internal thoracic artery in one case on the proximal side. RA was anastomosed with the left anterior descending branch area in 6 cases, with the left circumflex branch area in 40 cases and with the right coronary artery area in 4 cases on the distal side. There was no case of operative death, but one patient died while in hospital. The cumulative patency rate of the RA grafts was 95% (n = 40). Early postoperative results of the RA graft were satisfactory, therefore the RA graft were satisfactory, therefore the RA graft was an excellent alternative conduit for myocardial revascularization.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Assignment of YAC clones spanning rice chromosomes 10 and 12.

Yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones were assigned on rice (Oryza saliva L. cv. Nipponbare) chromosomes 10 and 12 using DNA markers from our high-density linkage map. Out of 1,383 markers localized in this genetic map, 68 and 74 markers were located on chromosomes 10 and 12, respectively. Screening of the YAC genomic library was conducted by colony hybridization and Southern hybridization using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers or by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using sequence-tagged site (STS) markers. We have completed the screening of 68 markers on chromosomes 10 and 74 markers on chromosome 12. A total of 134 and 103 YACs were assigned to chromosomes 10 and 12, respectively, with an estimated coverage of more than 60% for chromosome 10 and about 47% for chromosome 12. As rice is considered a model plant for genome analysis, the ordered YAC clones on chromosomes 10 and 12 as well as other chromosomes will certainly be helpful for isolation of agronomically and biologically important genes and for understanding the genome structure of these chromosomes.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1996

Identification of a transcriptional silencer in the protein-coding region of the mouse major inducible Hsp70 gene.

The mouse Hsp70.3 gene encodes the major inducible HSP70 protein and is located in close proximity to the Hsc70t gene, a testis-specific variant of the Hsp70 gene family. The two genes are arranged head-to-head, transcribed in divergent directions, and separated by approximately 600 base pairs. During transient expression analysis of the promoter for Hsc70t in mouse L cells, we have found that the Hsp70.3 coding region between -1844 and -800 relative to the transcription start site of Hsc70t possesses a silencer activity. The negative regulatory region containing this sequence also inhibited the expression from the heterologous simian virus 40 early promoter independently of orientation and position. It is possible that this silencer may not only be involved in testis-specific expression of Hsc70t but also function in down-regulation of Hsp70.3 induction.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Silver and other trace elements in a freshwater fish, Carasius auratus langsdorfii, from the Asakawa River in Tokyo, Japan.

The concentrations of silver (Ag) in a typical freshwater fish in Japan, Carasius auratus langsdorfii, and some other species have been determined to examine the Ag-contamination of fish and to specify the Ag accumulating species and part. They were dissected roughly into four parts, and analyzed by an instrumental neutron activation analysis. It was found that Ag was accumulated in the samples from the Asakawa River, and that the Ag concentration in the entrails of C. auratus langsdorfi reached 12 microg g(-1). The analysis of a C. auratus langsdorfii, which was dissected into 13 individual organs, showed that the Ag was accumulated highly in the liver, followed by the gallbladder and kidney. The inter-species and inter-part distributions of other trace elements have also been studied.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Species specificity in the blood cholesterol-lowering effect of YM-16638.

1. The compound YM-16638, [[5-[[3-(4-acetyl-3-hydroxy-2-propylphenoxy)propyl] thio]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]thio] acetic acid was developed in a series of in vitro and in vivo studies as a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist. 2. In a clinical trial as a leukotriene antagonist drug, this compound was found to have a potent serum cholesterol lowering effect in normolipidaemic healthy male volunteers. 3. In the present study, we investigated the serum cholesterol lower effect of this compound in various species of experimental animals. 4. Administration of YM-16638 did not cause a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol (TC) in mice (up to 200 mg kg-1, body weight per day for 28 days), rats (200 mg kg-1 for 15 days) or rabbits (90 mg kg-1 for 18 days). In hamsters, administration of YM-16638 orally or by peritoneal injection at 50 mg kg-1 or more daily for 7 days caused a significant decrease in serum TC and the rate of body weight gain. In monkeys, serum TC did not change in YM-16638-administered squirrel monkeys (50 mg kg-1 daily for 3 weeks), but a significant decrease in serum TC was observed in cynomolgus monkeys (33% decrease at 30 mg kg-1 for 4 weeks) and rhesus monkeys (27% decrease at 30 mg kg-1 for 3 weeks) without any serious decrease in body weight. These results were consistent with those in a phase I study with human subjects. In contrast, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level decreased in all animals after YM-16638 treatment. 5. From these results, we conclude that YM-16638 has a potent hypocholesterolaemic effect, but that this effect if species-specific and is only recognized clearly in human subjects and old-world monkeys.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1996

[A case report of mitral valve plasty for traumatic mitral regurgitation].

A 64-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a chief complaint of general fatigue on June 24, 1993. He had no history of rheumatic fever but bruised in the chest in September 1990. After that, his systolic murmur was noticed at the apex and echocardiogram showed the posterior chordal rupture of mitral valve. Mitral valve plasty was performed successfully.

Chordae Tendineae↗