Biomedical subjects

T Shimamoto

Publications and source records attributed to T Shimamoto.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

[Anesthesia for a patient with laryngotracheoesophageal cleft].

We report anesthetic management of a patient with laryngotracheoesophageal cleft which lacks partition between the esophagus and upper airway, a rare congenital anomaly with a high mortality. A male baby weighting 2.96 kg was born at 39-week gestation. He had respiratory distress, hoarse cry and cyanosis on feeding. Gastric cardioplasty was scheduled at the age of 10 days, under the presumptive diagnosis of gastroesophageal regurgitation. Endotracheal intubation was performed and anesthesia with 1-3% sevoflurane and 100% oxygen was started. However, SpO2 dropped suddenly and transiently. Endoscopic examination performed transnasally and through the endotracheal tube demonstrated that the septum between the trachea and esophagus was absent from the larynx through the entire length of the trachea. On the basis of these finding, this case was diagnosed as laryngotracheoesophageal cleft (type 3). Esophageal division and gastrostomy were performed to prevent regurgitation and aspiration of gastric content.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed1997

[Structure and function of symporter and antiporter].

Structure and function of symporters and antiporters which utilize Na+ as the coupling cation are briefly reviewed. The SGLT is an Na+/glucose symporter present in animal cell membranes. So far, five isoforms of the SGLT (1 to 5) have been found in various tissues. The Me1B is an Na+/galactoside symporter present in membranes of enteric bacteria. Regions or amino acid residues of these symporters which are important for substrate recognition or cation recognition have been identified. Furthermore amino acid substitutions in the SGLT1 of glucose-galactose malabsortion families have been identified. Regions and amino acid residues which are important for the function of the Na+/H+ antiporters (or exchangers) which extrude H+ (in animal cells) or Na+ (in bacterial cells) have been also identified.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[A successful surgical repair of congenital mitral stenosis due to commissural papillary muscle fusion].

A case of congenital mitral stenosis, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary hypertension was reported. At one year of age, the patient underwent surgical division of PDA because of persistent left heart failure. She went well after the operation. At seven year of age, she was readmitted to our hospital for easy fatigability. The cardiac catheterization revealed remarkably elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedged pressure. She underwent a surgical intervention for the mitral stenosis at eight year of age. At operation, the mitral valve exhibited the characteristics of type IIc according to Carpentier's classification: thickened and dysplastic leaflet, extremely short chordae tendanae fused with papillary muscles, obliteration of interchordal space and hypertrophic two papillary muscles. We replaced the valve with 23 mm Carbomedicus prosthetic valve because it seemed to be difficult to repair the native valve satisfactorily without residual stenosis or insufficiency. Her postoperative course was uneventful and the pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedged pressure decreased remarkably one year after the operation.

Child↗

PubMed1997

[Effectiveness of a health education class to increase fish intake evaluated by serum fatty acid compositions].

For prevention of cardiovascular disease, we recommended increased fish intake for 50 middle-aged women and men of 40-83 years old at a three-month community-based health education program in an inland farming community. The effectiveness of the education program was evaluated by examining changes in serum lipids and serum fatty acid compositions. For comparison, we selected 48 men and women of 38-82 years old did not participated in the program. Before education, there was no significant difference in the dietary frequency of fish, meat, egg and dishes prepared with oil, mean values of serum lipids or serum fatty acid compositions except for saturated fatty acid, gamma-linolenic acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and alpha-linolenic acid. After three months, the frequency of fish intake of one or more times per day increased from 33% to 43% in the education group while the frequency of fish intake did not change in the control group. In the education group, serum n3 polyunsaturated fatty acid composition increased from 8.8% to 10.6%. This fatty acid increase was primarily observed in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. The n3/n6 ratio increased from 0.21 to 0.31. In the control group, no change was observed in n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. This study suggests that the community-based dietary education increased fish intake and serum n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in women and men of 40 years old or older.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Passive smoking and plasma fibrinogen concentrations.

To examine the effect of passive smoking on plasma fibrinogen, a coronary risk factor, a cross-sectional study was conducted between 1990 and 1993 for 1,780 Japanese women aged 45-74 years who resided in Kyowa town, Ibaraki-ken, Japan. Fibrinogen concentrations controlling for age, body mass index, ethanol intake, serum total cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, and menopausal status were 8.6 (95% confidence interval 1.6-15.6) mg/dl higher in women exposed passively to smoking outside the home (n = 435) and 11.2 (95% confidence interval 3.0-19.3) mg/dl higher in women exposed both in and outside the home (n = 272) than in women unexposed in either location (n = 524). These effects of passive smoking were about 40-60% of that of current active smoking. An effect of passive smoking at home only was small and not statistically significant. The association between fibrinogen and passive smoking was primarily observed in women aged 45-59 years but not in those aged 60-74 years. Passive smoking may raise the risk of coronary heart disease partly by increasing plasma fibrinogen concentrations.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Polymorphism of the apolipoprotein B gene and blood lipid concentrations in Japanese and Caucasian population samples.

To examine whether a racial difference in apolipoprotein B (Apo B) gene polymorphism between Japanese and American Caucasians corresponds with the lower blood cholesterol concentrations in Japanese than in Americans, we examined the EcoRI polymorphism of the Apo B gene for 271 nonsmoking men and women aged 47-69 years in two population-based samples: rural Japanese living in Akita and Caucasians living in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. Mean values of serum cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in Japanese than in Caucasians for both men and women (difference = 25-26 mg/dl). An allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was conducted to examine the Eco RI cutting site at the 12669 cDNA position of the Apo B gene. The allele R2 (absence of the cutting site) has been associated with lower cholesterol concentrations in two previous studies. The frequency of the R2 allele was 6% for Japanese and 17% for Caucasians (P < 0.001), and this race difference in allele frequency was identical for men and women. After controlling for age, body mass index, alcohol intake, and for women, menopausal status and hormone replacement therapy, the adjusted mean (SE) cholesterol level among Japanese was 204 (3) mg/dl for genotype R1R1 and 185 (7) mg/dl for genotype R1R2 or R2R2 combined (P = 0.01). The respective mean values among Caucasians were 224(5) mg/dl and 232(7) mg/dl (P = 0.36). The polymorphism had a similar effect on total cholesterol concentrations for both men and women. The observed lower prevalence of the R2 allele in Japanese than in Caucasians indicates that this variation in the Apo B gene does not explain the racial difference in blood cholesterol concentrations.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Mutational analysis of the CitA citrate transporter from Salmonella typhimurium: altered substrate specificity.

The CitA citrate transporter in Salmonella typhimurium is encoded by the citA gene and consists of 434 amino acid residues that probably include 12 membrane-spanning segments [Shimamoto. T., et al. (1991) J. Biochem. 110, 22-28]. CitA mutants with altered substrate specificities were isolated by in vitro mutagenesis using nitrous acid. The mutants could grow on isocitrate as a sole carbon source which normally cannot be transported well by the CitA transporter of S. typhimurium. The mutation sites in the citA gene of the nine mutants were determined to involve single residues at seven sites (one mutation per mutant). The original amino acid residues at these sites (Arg-19, Ala-38, Glu-51, Gly-132, Ala-169, Pro-262 and Leu-271) were identified to be responsible for the altered substrate specificity. All these amino acid residues were conserved in four other homologous citrate transporters from Escherichia coli, Citrobacter amalonaticus and Klebsiella pneumoniae and are suggested to be involved in substrate recognition by the CitA transporter.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1996

Mutational analysis of Era, an essential GTP-binding protein of Escherichia coli.

Era is an essential GTP-binding protein of an unknown function in Escherichia coli. On the basis of its sequence similarities to other GTP-binding proteins such as E. coli EF-Tu, EF-G, IF2 and eukaryotic Ras proteins, it has been suggested that the Era function is activated by GTP binding, and that subsequent conversion of bound GTP to GDP by the intrinsic GTPase activity modulates its function. Two Era mutants, one dominant negative mutant (dE), which has a deletion mutation from Ala40 to Gly49, and the other non-functional mutant (T42A/T43A), which has two substitution mutations, Thr42 to Ala and Thr43 to Ala, were analyzed for their abilities of GTP-binding and GTPase activity. It was found that the dE mutant lost the GTP-binding ability, while it still retained the GTPase activity. On the other hand, the T42A/T43A mutant retained both the GTP-crosslinking and GTPase activities. However, the Km values for GTPase activity increased 5- and 12-fold for dE and T42A/T43A mutants, respectively. These results indicate that both the GTP-binding and GTPase activities are important for the Era function.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1996

Reconstruction with bilateral gluteus maximus myocutaneous rotation flap after wide local excision for perianal extramammary Paget's disease. Report of two cases.

PURPOSE: Extramammary Paget's disease is a rare dermatosis. Wide local excision is recommended in patients with perianal extramammary Paget's disease. After wide local excision, it is necessary to do reconstruction, with preservation of bowel function. We present here two cases of perianal Paget's disease, in which the patients were treated by reconstruction with bilateral gluteus maximus myocutaneous rotation flap after wide local excision. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 55-year-old woman and 58-year-old man were admitted with anal pain and bleeding. Histologic examination of the perianal lesion revealed the presence of typical Paget's cells, and no underlying carcinoma and no distant metastasis was detected in either patient. Wide local excision, including the rectal mucosa, was performed, with reference to intraoperative frozen sections. Surgical defect was overlapped with bilateral gluteus maximus myocutaneous rotation flap, and the anus was reconstructed. RESULTS: Postoperative bowel function and quality of life were well preserved, and flaps healed satisfactorily. Patients have had no recurrence and have been able to return to work. CONCLUSION: Bilateral gluteus maximus rotation flap may be useful after wide local excision of perianal extramammary Paget's disease without underlying invasive carcinoma.

Anal Canal↗

PubMed1996

Near-hexaploid Ph-positive acute myeloid leukemia with major-BCR/ABL transcript.

We describe the first case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a Philadelphia (Ph) translocation and a near-hexaploid range chromosome number, whose leukemic cells had the major-BCR/ABL transcript. The genesis of near-hexaploid leukemic cells might be due to endoreduplication of triploid leukemic cells with the Ph, since the relapsed leukemic cells had triploid range chromosomes with double Ph chromosomes.

Aneuploidy↗

PubMed1996

Lipoprotein(a) and its correlates in Japanese and U.S. population samples.

To examine whether serum levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], a potential coronary risk factor, are higher in Caucasian-Americans than in Japanese, a circumstance that would correspond to the higher mortality from coronary heart disease in the United States than in Japan, we analyzed serum Lp(a) levels in 300 nonsmoking men and women aged 47-69 years. Participants were drawn from two population-based samples: rural Japanese living in Akita and Caucasians living in Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN. Geometric mean and median serum Lp(a) concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in Japanese than in Caucasians for both men (difference in geometric mean = 3.2 mg/dL) and women (difference = 5.3 mg/dL). There was however, no racial difference in the proportion of elevated Lp(a) concentrations (i.e., > or = 30 mg/dL) in either sex. Alcohol intake was inversely correlated with Lp(a) levels in Japanese men, who had a high average alcohol intake, but not in other sex and racial groups. Serum Lp(a) was nonsignificantly but consistently correlated with plasma fibrinogen and LDL-cholesterol for all sex and racial groups. With adjustment for alcohol intake, LDL-cholesterol, and plasma fibrinogen, the Japanese-Caucasian difference in geometric mean Lp(a) values was even larger for men and was not changed for women. Results of the present study do not support the hypothesis that racial differences in Lp(a) concentrations contribute to the higher mortality rate from coronary heart disease in the United States than in Japan.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Plasma fibrinogen and its correlates in urban Japanese men.

BACKGROUND: The intention of the study was to examine determinants of plasma fibrinogen concentrations in Japanese men. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1991 among 995 male employees aged 40-59 years in two urban companies. RESULTS: The overall mean value (standard deviation) of plasma fibrinogen concentration was 257 (57) mg/dl. There was a strong dose-response relationship between cigarette smoking and plasma fibrinogen concentration. Plasma fibrinogen was positively associated with age and serum total cholesterol, and inversely associated with ethanol intake, dietary intake of sea foods such as squid, octopus or shrimp. Intake of other major protein and lipid resources such as meat, eggs and milk, or intake of vegetables was not related to plasma fibrinogen. An effect of dietary intake of sea foods on plasma fibrinogen was small but significant after controlling for the other covariates; an 80 g/week larger intake of sea foods was associated with a 3.9 mg/dl (95% confidence interval: 0.5, 7.3) lower fibrinogen concentration. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the relation of known coronary risk factors to plasma fibrinogen in Japanese men, and suggests that dietary intake of sea foods affects plasma fibrinogen concentrations.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

A possible correlation between interferon-stimulated gene expression and cytogenetic responses in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients treated with alpha-interferon.

We studied the expression of the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), ISG-54 and 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2'-5' OAS), using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 22 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), who were treated with alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN). At the time of diagnosis, 7 patients (31.8%) showed no detectable expression of either gene, whereas 8 expressed both. The remaining 7 expressed neither ISG-54 nor 2'-5' OAS. After alpha-IFN treatment, 5 of the 7 CML patients who had not previously express ISGs expressed either ISG-54 or 2'5' OAS or both and 6 of the 7 who had previously expressed either ISG-54 or 2'-5' OAS expressed both. Three of the 7 (42.9%) CML patients who expressed both genes before and after alpha-IFN administration showed cytogenetic responses, as did 6 of the 11 (54.5%) in whom ISG expression was induced. In contrast, cytogenetic responses occurred in none of the patients in whom ISG expression was not induced. These results suggest that induction of ISG-54 and 2'-5' OAS expression by alpha-IFN may be an indicator of cytogenetic responses and, therefore, of value for monitoring CML patients.

2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase↗

PubMed1996

Community-based education classes for hypertension control. A 1.5-year randomized controlled trial.

Community-based hypertension control is important for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. In this study, untreated men and women aged 35 to 69 years were randomly assigned to an intervention (n=56) or control (n=55) group in a 1.5-year community-based education program. Subjects had no evidence of hypertensive end-organ defects and had screening blood pressures of 140 to 179 mm Hg systolic and/or 90 to 109 mm Hg diastolic, with no difference in mean blood pressure between groups (148 to 150 mm Hg for mean systolic and 83 to 84 mm Hg for mean diastolic pressures). The intervention group took four education classes in the first 6 months and four classes during the next year, and the control group took two classes. Health education focused on reduced dietary sodium and increased milk intake, brisk walking, and, if necessary, reduction of alcohol and sugar intakes. Antihypertensive medication was started less often in the intervention than in the control group at 1.5 years (9% versus 24%, P <.05). Mean systolic pressure was 5 to 6 mm Hg less in the intervention than in the control group at both 6 months and 1.5 years (P <.05), with or without inclusion of those subjects who began antihypertensive medication. Diastolic pressure and body mass index did not change significantly between groups. Urinary sodium excretion declined in the intervention but not in the control group (differences between groups: P=.04 at 6 months and P=.07 at 1.5 years). According to a behavioral questionnaire, sodium reduction and milk increase were greater in the intervention than the control group (sodium: P <.01 at 6 months and P=.08 at 1.5 years; milk: P <.001 at 6 months and P <.01 at 1.5 years). Mean ethanol intake was reduced in the intervention but not the control group (P=.04 at 1.5 years). This community-based hypertension control program was effective in reducing systolic pressure levels by nonpharmacological means during the first 6 months and maintaining the reduction for 1.5 years.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Epidemiology of cerebrovascular disease: stroke epidemic in Japan.

Japan had the highest mortality from stroke among developed countries in 1960, but experienced rapid changes in diet and other lifestyles with economic growth between the 1960s and the 1980s, which provided an unique opportunity to observe a natural experiment of changes in risk factors and stroke. Blood pressure levels declined due to improvements of drug treatment for hypertension and to dietary improvements such as sodium reduction. An increase in mean values of ethanol intake and body mass index did not correspond with a decline of blood pressure levels. Serum total cholesterol increased with an increased intake of meat, egg, milk and dairy products. Age-adjusted mortality rate of stroke declined 70% between 1960 and 1990. The changes of diet, blood pressure levels and stroke were more evident in rural populations than in urban populations. Risk factors of stroke has been investigated prospectively, and hypertension was found to be the most important risk factor. A low blood cholesterol was associated with the increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage, which has been confirmed in several Japanese populations, Japanese Americans and Caucasian Americans. Thus, a rise in serum cholesterol suggested to contribute in part to a decline in intracerebral hemorrhage. Risk factors for cerebral infarction include age, atrial fibrillation and hypertensive endorgan effects such as resting electrocardiogram and fundscopic examination. A community-based hypertension control program for stroke prevention has been evaluated; a larger decline in stroke incidence in the intervention community (69%) than in the reference community (49%, the difference: p < 0.001). Effective community programs stimulated the formation of the 1982 national act on health and medical care in which every municipal government is required to conduct health screenings and education for residents aged 40 and over to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗

PubMed1996

Pattern of expression and their clinical implications of the GATA family, stem cell leukemia gene, and EVI1 in leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes.

Transcription factors play a key role in controlling the cellular differentiation of hematopoietic cells. Among the known transcription factors, both GATA-1 and SCL play roles in the cellular differentiation of erythrocytic and megakaryocytic lineages, while GATA-2 is thought to maintain and promote the proliferation of early hematopoietic progenitors. In this review, the clinical implications of expression of the GATA family, SCL, and EVI1 gene in various types of human leukemia are discussed. De novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients may be subdivided into three categories depending on the expression pattern of transcription factors, i.e., GATA-1(+)SCL(+), GATA-1(+)SCL(-), and GATA-1(-)SCL(-). AML patients with both GATA-1 and SCL expression have a poor prognosis and have some characteristic clinical and hematologic features. The EVI1 gene may be expressed through at least two pathways in hematologic malignancies; one is related to chromosomal changes at 3q26, while the other is related to myelodysplasia regardless of chromosomal changes at 3q26 region. These findings suggest that the pattern of expression in transcription factors in abnormal hematopoietic cells is reflected in the malignant phenotype and play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.

DNA-Binding Proteins↗

PubMed1996

[The relation of alcohol intake to constitutional and biochemical variables in Japanese populations].

To investigate associations of alcohol intake to constitutional and biochemical variables, cross-sectional studies of men aged 40-59 years from six geographical and occupational populations with varied lifestyles were conducted in the 1990's. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, HDL-cholesterol, and uric acid were linearly associated with alcohol intake in all six populations. Drinkers of 2+ drinks (46 g ethanol or more) per day showed higher levels of triglyceride, glutamic pyruvic transaminase than never-drinkers. In two urban occupational populations, men who mainly drank beer had higher uric acid levels; men mainly drinking sake had higher blood pressures and lower serum total cholesterol; men mainly drinking whiskey had higher obesity indices. These differences in constitutional and biochemical variables related to type of alcoholic beverage consumed may be due to differences in lifestyles such as diet and physical activity.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Replication errors in hematological neoplasias: genomic instability in progression of disease is different among different types of leukemia.

Genetic alteration, including genomic instability, is an ultimate step toward the malignant process. One approach to delineating replication errors in cancer cells is to determine the alterations of microsatellites, which are short, repeated nucleotide sequences existing throughout the genomes. We used a fluorescent system to assess microsatellite changes in seven loci (D2S123, D3S643, D5S107, LPL, D17S261, TP53, and D18S34) of 73 consecutive patients with various hematological neoplasias. De novo acute leukemia patients had a low frequency (<1%) of microsatellite alterations at each locus, and none of them demonstrated multiple microsatellite changes. In chronic myeloid leukemia patients, no microsatellite instability was detected in the chronic phase, whereas a relatively high frequency (25%) of multiple microsatellite changes was evident in the blastic phase, and half of these patients had multiple microsatellite changes. About 50% of the patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and post-MDS acute myeloid leukemia (post-MDS AML) had microsatellite alterations. We next compared microsatellite alterations in two different hematological phases (MDS and post-MDS AML phases); 5 of 11 patients with post-MDS AML had de novo appearance of microsatellite instability during disease progression. This indicates that genomic instability at multiple microsatellite loci could occur either before or after leukemic transformation in MDS patients. We concluded that genomic instability in chronic myeloid leukemia might be linked to blastic transformation in combination with cytogenetic changes. In contrast, MDS patients had replication errors as a relatively early genetic event as well as a late genetic event. These results suggest that the involvement of genomic instability in the progression of disease is different among various types of leukemia.

DNA Replication↗