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Biomedical subjects

T Shimamoto

Publications and source records attributed to T Shimamoto.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride level, and dietary intake in Japanese students aged 15 years.

The authors surveyed serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in 238 male and 217 female students aged 15 years in Osaka, Japan, in 1977, as well as dietary intake, using a 24-hour record in 81 male and 61 female students. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels of Japanese students were 163.6 mg/dl and 81.7 mg/dl, respectively, for males, and 182.2 mg/dl and 78.9 mg/dl for females. For female students, those who participated in a school sports club regularly during the previous three years had cholesterol levels 10 mg/dl lower than the subjects who had not participated in a sports club; these active students also had smaller skinfold thickness, although there was no difference in other anthropometric measurements. Although the dietary intake of Japanese students was found to be westernized, compared with that of Japanese adults, Japanese students reported low fat intake (25-30% of energy), high polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio (1.1-1.2), and high carbohydrate intake (55-61% of energy), differing considerably from US students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Dietary intake and serum total cholesterol level: their relationship to different lifestyles in several Japanese populations.

Serum total cholesterol level and dietary intake were surveyed 1975--1977 in six Japanese population groups with different lifestyles, including groups in both rural (Akita and Kochi) and urban (Osaka) areas. Clerical workers in Osaka, who had the most westernized lifestyle of all the study groups, had the highest mean serum total cholesterol level (202 mg/dl for men ages 40--49 and 50--59 years), while farmers in Akita had the lowest mean serum total cholesterol level (163 mg/dl for men 40--49 years old, 159 mg/dl for men 50--59 years old, 165 mg/dl for men 60--69 years old). Nutrient intake data for mean ages 40--59 years showed 23% of calories from fat for clerical workers in Osaka, the highest among the study groups, whereas farmers in Akita showed a low level of 14%. The ratio of dietary polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids was over 1.1 for all groups. Cholesterol intake was 339--487 mg/day. Total carbohydrate as a percentage of calories was 53--65%; 75--80% of carbohydrate energy was ingested from cereals. Sugar accounted for less than 3.5% of total calories. In the cross-group correlation analysis between dietary lipid intake and serum total cholesterol, a significant strong positive correlation was found between the dietary lipid factor (phi) of Keys et al. and the mean serum total cholesterol level. A weak but significant correlation was observed between the dietary lipid factor and serum total cholesterol for individual inhabitants of Osaka.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Correlation of the bioavailability of diazepam from uncoated tablets in beagle dogs with its dissolution rate and bioavailability in humans.

The bioavailability of diazepam (I) in uncoated tablets in beagles was tested using tablets tested previously in humans. The correlations of the dissolution rates and bioavailabilities of these tablets in humans and beagles were examined. The plasma level of N-desmethyldiazepam (II), the main metabolite of I, was used as an index of bioavailability after p.o. administration of uncoated tablets of I, because I is rapidly metabolized. Thus the plasma level of I is very low, and AUCs (areas under plasma level-time curves) calculated from plasma levels of II were related to the dose of I (2-10 mg). With different tablets, the rates and extents of bioavailability of I differed significantly in beagles, but only the rate of bioavailability showed significant differences in humans. The rank orders of tablets, based on the blood levels of II soon after p.o. administration of the tablets were the same, but other parameters of bioavailability of I in the tablets were quite different in beagles and humans. Consequently, there was no significant correlation between the bioavailabilities of I in beagles and humans. The gastric fluid of beagles is almost neutral, and the bioavailabilities of the tablets in beagles correlated well with the dissolution rates of I determined at pH 4.6, but not at pH 1.2. The differences in the bioavailabilities of I in humans and beagles were attributed to differences in transit time in the gastrointestinal tract and/or in the volume of the gastrointestinal fluid.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Multivariate analysis of risk factors for stroke. Eight-year follow-up study of farming villages in Akita, Japan.

Akita Prefecture has an especially high mortality rate from stroke, and its age-adjusted death rate from stroke is the highest in Japan. We have carried out an epidemiological survey of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) in farming villages in this prefecture since 1963, with a response rate of 84%. During our 8-year follow-up, 94 new stroke cases were observed among 1,814 subjects. Multiple logistic function analysis was carried out on nonstroke and stroke cases from subjects aged 40 to 69 years at time of initial examination, in order to clarify the risk factors for stroke. The analysis used eight variables: age, sex, systolic blood pressure, obesity index, urinary sugar, urinary protein, serum total cholesterol, and total protein. The results showed that hypertension was the most important risk factor for stroke. However, regarding cholesterol, multivariate analysis showed that among men and women aged 40 to 69 years at entry, subjects with low serum total cholesterol levels were more prone to cerebral hemorrhage, but that serum cholesterol level had no weight as a risk factor for cerebral infarction. These results correspond well with the observed fact that stroke incidence or death rate in Japan is higher in populations with high prevalence of hypertension and low concentration of cholesterol, and also with the fact that death rate from hemorrhage declines with the increment of serum total cholesterol and the westernization of diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Hemolytic pattern of erythrocytes in the newborn measured by the coil planet centrifuge system and its relationship to neonatal jaundice.

Dynamic osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in cord blood and its changes during the neonatal period were studied by means of a coil planet centrifuge system. The starting-point for hemolysis in the newborn become similar to that of adult blood after approximately a week, while the shift of the end-point to the adult range required one month or more. The percentage of fragile cord blood cells with a hemolysis starting-point above 110 m osmol and the maximum bilirubin level during neonatal period were examined. A high percentage of fragile cells was associated with high bilirubin levels, and when fragile cells comprised more than 7.0% of the total cord blood erythrocytes, the bilirubin level tended to rise above 15 mg/dl.

Bilirubin↗