In a case of progressive jaundice, contrast-enhanced CT demonstrated unevenly distributed areas of periportal low attenuation throughout the liver that were demonstrated to be dilated lymphatics with multiple carcinomatous thrombi at postmortem study. This CT appearance may be characteristic of lymphangiosis of the liver.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Regurgitation of bile acids in rat liver under bile drainage: quantitative analysis by taurine or ursodeoxycholate loading test.

In rats with an interrupted enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, levels of serum taurine-conjugated bile acids were increased significantly 3 h after intravenous administration of taurine. Similarly, serum taurine- or glycine-conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was increased significantly 2 h after UDCA administration. These findings suggested that the administered taurine or UDCA was taken up into hepatocytes and utilized to form conjugated bile acids, which were thereafter regurgitated into the systemic circulation from the liver. The proportion of regurgitated taurine-conjugated bile acids relative to total serum bile acids measured by taurine loading (30%) almost coincided with that of regurgitated taurine- or glycine-conjugated UDCA relative to total serum bile acids measured by UDCA loading (31.6%). Thus, the present study showed conclusively that at least 30% of serum bile acids are derived from newly conjugated bile acids that are regurgitated from the liver in rats with bile fistula.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pial arterial pressure in cats following middle cerebral artery occlusion. 1. Relationship to blood flow, regulation of blood flow and electrophysiological function.

In lightly anesthetized cats, the left middle cerebral artery was occluded using a transorbital approach. Pial arterial pressure was measured with a feedback-controlled micropressure recording system in the territory of the occluded artery, and compared with changes of cortical blood flow, cortical steady potential and cortical EEG activity. After middle cerebral artery occlusion pial artery pressure fell from 56.2 +/- 1.6 to 7.8 +/- 0.4 mm Hg; during the following two hours it again slowly rose to about 15 mm Hg. Cortical heat conductance, as a measure of blood flow, decreased from 15.1 +/- 0.2 to 11.9 +/- 0.2 X 10(-4) cal X cm-1 X sec-1 X degrees C-1, and remained at this level throughout the observation period. Cortical steady potential shifted by 9.1 +/- 0.7 mV towards negativity, and EEG amplitude was reduced by about 50%. Pial arterial pressure correlated with blood flow, cortical steady potential and EEG amplitude, but not with EEG frequency. Autoregulation and CO2 reactivity of blood flow were disturbed after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Calculation of extra- and intracortical vascular resistances revealed that this disturbance was entirely due to intracortical vasoparalysis whereas the collateral vessels supplying the ischemic territory continued to react to both pressure and CO2 changes. Maintained vascular reactivity of collateral vessels, therefore, is a decisive factor for the efficiency of therapeutic blood flow improvement after acute middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A possible role of lipid peroxidation in cellular damages caused by cerebral ischemia and the protective effect of alpha-tocopherol administration.

Incomplete global cerebral ischemia was induced by clamping the bilateral common carotid arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and blood reperfusion was allowed by declamping the arteries after indicated times. To investigate the possible role of lipid peroxidation which causes irreversible ischemic cell injury during ischemia and subsequent reperfusion, cerebral energy metabolism, brain edema, neurological signs and cerebral and serum lipid peroxides were examined. The effect of alpha-tocopherol administration on these parameters was also studied from the standpoint of its action as a free radical scavenger. During ischemia up to 5 hours, cerebral ATP decreased and lactate increased rapidly, and concomitantly neurological signs, such as eye closure and jumping seizures, and slowly progressing brain edema were observed. The level of lipid peroxides in the brain and serum remained practically unchanged during ischemia, although an increasing tendency was noted. When blood reperfusion was allowed 3 hours after ischemia, tissue ATP level was restored only partially (67.4% of normal), but lactate returned to the normal level. The reperfusion resulted in a rapid rise in the lipid peroxide level both in cerebral tissue and serum and also caused a more severe expression of neurological signs. Intravenous injection of alpha-tocopherol (20 mg/kg body weight) 30 minutes prior to ligation of the carotid arteries significantly suppressed the rise in lipid peroxides both in the brain and serum, improved the severely expressed neurological signs, and promoted resynthesis of ATP. These improvements in the parameters were observed only after the reperfusion was made following ischemia for 3 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pial arterial pressure in cats following middle cerebral artery occlusion. II. Relationship to regional disturbance of energy metabolism.

Focal cerebral ischemia was produced in 16 cats by occluding the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) for 120 min. Cortical blood flow and pial artery pressure were determined prior to vascular occlusion and after 15, 60 and 120 min. At the end of the experiments (after 120 min MCA occlusion) heads were frozen in situ with liquid nitrogen. Cooled brains were cut into 0.5 cm thick slices. From these slices twenty-micron sections passing through the territory of the MCA were prepared in a cryostat and used in the pictorial presentation of glucose and ATP. NADH-fluorescence was recorded from the tissue slice, immersed in liquid nitrogen. In addition, tissue samples were taken from regions of interest and used for quantitative determination of biochemical substrates. In all but two animals permanent MCA occlusion led to disturbances in the energy-producing metabolism, as indicated by reduction in glucose and ATP, and increase in lactate. The regions exhibiting bright NADH-fluorescence were much smaller than those in which ATP was absent. In 6 animals NADH-fluorescence was not increased but even decreased in areas with disturbed energy-producing metabolism. A close correlation was obtained after comparing cortical blood flow measured 15 min after MCA occlusion with the area of ATP-depletion at the end of the experiments. However, the size of ATP-depletion did not correlate with flow measured 60 or 120 min after MCA occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of the calcium channel blocker nilvadipine on urinary albumin excretion in hypertensive microalbuminuric patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

A 24-week study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker nilvadipine on urinary albumin excretion in eight microalbuminuric hypertensive patients with non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes mellitus. Blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion measurements before the administration of nilvadipine (8 mg) were compared with those after 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks of treatment. No significant changes were observed in the mean values of haemoglobin A1C. Systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced from 174 +/- 23 mmHg before treatment to 144 +/- 13 mmHg after 24 weeks of treatment (P < 0.02). Diastolic blood pressure was significantly reduced from 93 +/- 11 mmHg at baseline to 79 +/- 8 mmHg after 24 weeks of treatment (P < 0.05). Urinary albumin excretion was significantly reduced from 65.4 +/- 37.4 mg/g creatinine at baseline to 51.6 +/- 41.1 mg/g creatinine (P < 0.05) after 4 weeks, and to 39.1 +/- 26.9 mg/g creatinine (P < 0.02) after 24 weeks of treatment. These data suggest that in hypertensive microalbuminuric patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, treatment of hypertension with the calcium blocker nilvadipine may slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of POR-8 (ornithine 8 -vasopressin) as a local vasoconstrictor during halothane anesthesia.

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Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Distribution of tissue bile acids in the human alimentary tract and colon polyps.

To determine the characteristic distribution of tissue-bound bile acids in the human alimentary tract and colon polyps, we measured the concentration of bile acids in the mucosal tissues of the alimentary tract obtained at autopsy and polyps obtained by endoscopic polypectomy, using enzymatic fluorimetry and gas-liquid chromatography. The concentration of tissue-bound bile acid, especially chenodeoxycholic acid, was significantly higher in the ileum or ascending colon than in the other portions of the alimentary tract. The bile acid level of polyps was also higher in the ascending colon than in the other portions of the colon. These results suggest that the high concentration of tissue-bound bile acids is obtained at the site of absorption of bile acids in the alimentary tract.

Aged↗