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Biomedical subjects

T Shikata

Publications and source records attributed to T Shikata.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Cytoplasmic blood plasma inclusions of canine hepatocytes demonstration by immunoperoxidase-labeling method.

Cytoplasmic inclusions in canine hepatocytes were scattered abundantly throughout hepatic lobules. They were mainly round, measured 3 microns to 20 microns in diameter, stained eosinophilic with hematoxylin and eosin stain, and were positive for diastase-resistant periodic acid-Schiff and phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin stains. Immunoperoxidase staining revealed that most of the inclusions were positive for such blood plasma components as albumin, immunoglobulins G, M, A, and transferrin. Ultrastructurally, the inclusions were granular, floccular, fibrillar, or homogeneous with a low or high electron density. Fibrin fibers and erythrocytes were occasionally recognized in the inclusions. These inclusions were considered to have derived from engulfment of blood elements into hepatocytes, probably as a result of increase of the intrasinusoidal blood pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Two distinct types of hepatitis in experimental hepatitis B virus infection.

The course of experimental hepatitis B in chimpanzees was studied, and two biochemically, serologically, and histopathologically distinctive types were identified. The first type was self-limiting, rapidly resolving hepatitis with spiking and short-term elevation of SGPT starting at around 5 weeks after the appearance of HBs antigenemia. The second type was smoldering and persistent hepatitis with low-plateau-forming persistent transanimase abnormality developing around 10 weeks after the appearance of HBsAg. Anti-HBc became positive before the transaminase elevation in the second type, while in the first type it became positive after the SGPT elevation. Histologically, the second type was characterized by marked infiltration of lymphoid cells in portal areas with lymphoid follicles. This was seen even before the histologic manifestations of liver cell injury and the elevation of SGPT in two cases. The portal inflammatory cell infiltration became evident at 6 to 9 weeks after the HBsAg appearance and became increasingly more severe thereafter. The intralobular changes remained mild, with rare liver cell necroses. Chronic hepatitis developed subsequently in two cases. In the first type, the portal changes developed almost simultaneously with intralobular changes and were not prominent. In contrast to the second type, the intralobular changes with multiple liver cell necrosis were more severe.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1979

Peliosis hepatis. Report of nine cases.

Nine cases of peliosis hepatis are reported: five of these were associated with the administration of androgen or anabolic androgenic steroids and a sixth with large doses of medroxy-progesterone acetate. In five instances, neoplasm was present as an underlying disease. Antemortem evidence of liver disease was detected in six of seven cases but was not severe and had not contributed to death. The pathogenesis of blood-filled cystic cavities is discussed and the literature reviewed. Angiopathy of hepatic sinusoids in patients with wasting diseases or in those receiving androgens in coexistence with passive congestion of the liver appear to be factors in the pathogenesis of pleiosis hepatis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Establishment of a new human chondrosarcomatous cell line.

A new cultured cell line (HuOS) was established from tumor cells obtained from the pulmonary metastatic foci of a patient diagnosed as chondroblastic osteosarcoma. The tumor cell line was maintained for over 19 months, and morphological and biological characteristics were studied. These cells retained their malignant properties and produced nodules when transferred intramuscularly to nude mice. Morphologically, these nodules revealed a chondromatous pattern.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Tissue distribution of human alpha1-microglobulin.

Human alpha(1)-microglobulin was isolated from the urine of patients with tubular proteinuria, and its molecular weight was established by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at 33,000 daltons. The carbohydrate content was 21.7%. Anti-alpha(1)-microglobulin serum was prepared and observed to react monospecifically in gel diffusion to purified alpha(1)-microglobulin, as well as to normal human serum and urine. Sera from the domestic chicken, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, calf, cow, goat, sheep, and horse, however, did not react to anti-alpha(1)-microglobulin serum in immunodiffusion. The lymphocyte culture supernate was found to contain alpha(1)-microglobulin. Both thymus-derived(T)- and bone marrow-derived(B)-lymphocyte culture media clearly displayed a specific precipitin line against anti-alpha(1)-microglobulin serum when tested with the Ouchterlony immunodiffusion method. The tissue distribution of alpha(1)-microglobulin was studied under immunofluorescence, and a positive staining was recognized on the lymphocyte surface. Identical staining patterns were noted on both T and B lymphocytes, though B lymphocytes took a more intense stain. It would thus seem quite possible that lymphocytes are the primary source of alpha(1)-microglobulin and that this is filtered through the glomerular basement membrane and partly reabsorbed by the renal tubules. This, then, would suggest the possibility that alpha(1)-microglobulin shares some immunological role in vivo with lymphocytes and(or) is one of the membrane proteins of lymphocytes.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1978

Incomplete inactivation of hepatitis B virus after heat treatment at 60 C for 10 hours.

A 10(-3) dilution of pooled serum (positive for hepatitis B e antigen and DNA polymerase activity) containing hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a titer 10(5) times the chimpanzee-infectious dose, was heated under water maintained at 60 C for 10 hr. There was a twofold decrease in the titer of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as measured by reverse passive hemagglutination after the heat treatment. The heated, diluted serum was still infectious and caused HBV infections in both seronegative chimpanzees given 1-ml iv inoculations of the diluted serum. However, the infectivity of the virus was decreased approximately 10(4)-fold by heat treatment as judged from the prolonged incubation period before appearance of HBsAg in blood. This figure was based on the inverse linear relation between the dose of HBV and the incubation period. The incomplete inactivation of HBV by heat treatment at 60 C for 10 hr should be emphasized because it is widely accepted that heat treatment destroys HBV.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A preliminary serologic study of hepatitis A virus infection in Japan.

Ninety-eight acute non-B hepatitis cases recently observed in Japan and household contacts with these cases were subjected to serologic examinations for hepatitis A; 400 serum specimens obtained in 1971 from healthy individuals living in areas near Tokyo and 16 preparations of human immunoglobulin produced in Japan in 1975 and 1976 were examined for antibody to hepatitis A antigen. Hepatitis A virus infection was confirmed in all 25 patients and in 8 of 26 household contacts found in association with non-B hepatitis outbreaks, and also in 11 of 60 sporadic non-B hepatitis patients, but in none of 13 non-B hepatitis patients found in association with blood transfusion. There was no difference between males and females in the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A antigen among healthy individuals, however, there was a strong relationship to age. Rates of antibody positives were only 2.5% in the groups younger than 20 years of age. An ample amount of antibody to hepatitis A antigen was detected in the preparations of human immunoglobulin. Hepatitis A virus was thus found to be endemic in Japan, but considered not popular during at least these 20 years. Infection with non-A non-B hepatitis virus(es) seems to be common in Japan especially in such cases as sporadic non-B hepatitis or post-transfusion non-B hepatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Hepatitis B e antigen and infectivity of hepatitis B virus.

For confirmation of the difference in the infectivity of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBS Ag)-positive serum according to differences in the e antigen system, four chimpanzees were inoculated with serum positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBe Ag), and three chimpanzees were inoculated with serum positive for antibody to HBe Ag (anti-HBe). Since the infectivity titrations are not yet completed, the end infectivity titer of each serum is not known. All four chimpanzees given injections of 10(-1), 10(-4), or 10(-8) dilutions of HBe Ag-positive serum developed hepatitis B virus infection, whereas the one chimpanzee injected with undiluted anti-HBe-positive serum became infected, and other chimpanzees injected with diluted anti-HBe-positive sera did not. As judged from the length of the incubation period before appearance of HBS Ag in blood, there seemed to be a remarkable difference in infectivity between the HBe Ag-positive serum and the anti-HBe-positive serum; the former serum was 10(8) times more infectious than the latter.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic persistent hepatitis.

The morphologic type of cirrhosis that is followed most frequently by hepatocellular carcinoma is posthepatitic cirrhosis. Furthermore, HB AG is detected in a high rate among cases with hepatocellular carcinoma suggesting the intimate causal relationship between hepatitis b virus and hepatocellular carcinoma. It has been considered that hepatocellular carcinoma might develop during destruction and regeneration of fully developed liver cirrhosis. However, hepatocellular carcinoma is combined with not only liver cirrhosis but also with mild liver fibrosis. An attempt was made to determine HBs Ag in the liver tissue of liver fibrosis with hepatocellular carcinoma. HBs Ag was found in non-cancerous liver tissue of 40 percent of those cases. Therefore, it may be concluded that, at least some of those fibrosis is caused by chronic viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma may develop not only on posthepatitic cirrhosis but also on chronic persistent hepatitis. This evidence also suggests the carcinogenicity of hepatitis B virus.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1977

[Rearing and management of chimpanzees for experimental infection with hepatitis B virus (author's transl)].

For the purpose of experimental infection with human hepatitis B virus, 14 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) were delivered to the Division of Animal Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo. These chimps, 11 males and 3 females, born in the West Africa, had been reared for two to six months. Several days after delivery, they were anesthetized with Ketalar in order to make clinical, bacteriological and parasitological examinations; It was found that one of them was in malnutrition, and that another had dislocation of the shoulder joint and the associating abscess. All of them were negative for tuberculin test. In the bacteriological examination, Shigella sonnei was detected in the feces from one of them. Mycoplasma sp. was detected in the materials from the oral cavity of four head. As intestinal parasites, Ascaris sp. were detected in two head, Enterobius vermicularis in eight, Strongloides sp. in two, Oesophagostomum sp. in nine, tape worms in four, and Entamoeba coli in twelve. Microfilaria as blood parasite was detected in 11 of them. The laboratory used for the experimental infection was a room occupying about 42 m2, which had been built by renovating a part of our division building. Each of the cages used for rearing the chimps was contained in the isolation box made of stainless steel. The contaminated air in the isolation box was discharged forcedly into the exhausting duct with a fan, and further passed through the HEPA filter and the Miraceram honeycomb heater, and was then conducted to the already existing ventilation duct of the division building. Each chimp was fed on a ration of 200-350 g of the imported "Purina Monkey Chow 25" and also one grapefruit and one banana daily for the supply of vitamin C. The chimps weighed 16.1 kg on the average on delivery, but gained an average weight of 4.2 kg during the following four months.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1977

Necrosis of the hepatocytes with hepatitis B surface antigen. Occurrence in a chronic hepatitis B surface antigen carrier.

Light and electron microscope finding from a liver of a chronic carrier of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) showed small lymphocytes and macrophages in close contact with liver cells, partial lysis of variable degrees, lytic necrosis, and the complete loss of a few hepatocytes with HBsAg in the cytoplasm. On the basis of these findings, together with the results from immunofluorescence study, the pathogenesis of hepatitis B is discussed, with emphasis on the importance of host cellular immune response. The cytopathic and cytolytic activities of immunologically activated T lymphocytes against liver cells that have antigenic targets associated with HBsAg at their surface and in the cytoplasm are discussed.

Adult↗