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Biomedical subjects

T Sherwood

Publications and source records attributed to T Sherwood.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Ultrasound cystography in the diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux.

Vesicoureteric reflux is common in children with urinary tract infection and may cause end-stage renal failure. The diagnosis is usually based on micturating cystourethrography (MCU). We describe an alternative technique using ultrasound during bladder infusion with agitated saline. Comparison of the 2 methods shows ultrasound to be 100% sensitive in the detection of grades 3 and 4 reflux. Conclusive evidence of reflux was seen in 2 cases where MCU was subsequently normal, questioning the role of MCU as the gold standard.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Ultrasound and plain X-ray screening in childhood urinary tract infection.

A group of 309 children over the age of 2 years was investigated with ultrasound and plain X-ray for suspected urinary infection. In 29 cases there were abnormal findings and in 10 the abnormalities were confirmed with cystography and intravenous urography. Of 280 children whose ultrasound and plain X-ray findings were normal, 26 re-presented with further symptoms and investigation with cystography and urography showed abnormalities in only 4. The remaining 254 children have remained well and have been spared the uncomfortable and potentially dangerous examinations of cystography and urography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The investigation of painless haematuria--a comparison of intravenous urography and DMSA scintigraphy.

In order to test in a prospective study the suggestion that there should be a shift from the intravenous urogram to DMSA scintigraphy for the diagnosis of suspected renal masses, both investigations were performed in 63 patients with painless haematuria. While the sensitivity of both investigations was similar in renal lesions, specificity was slightly less for scintigraphy. These findings, together with the intrinsic limitations of the DMSA scintigram in detecting lesions elsewhere in the urinary tract, lead us to conclude that the intravenous urogram should remain the initial investigation for painless haematuria unless there are specific contraindications.

Hematuria↗
PubMed1988

Diathermy hook ablation of posterior urethral valves in neonates and infants.

An insulated diathermy hook was used to destroy the posterior urethral valve in 10 boys. The technique needs no anaesthetic, no endoscopic equipment, no perineal urethrostomy and only occasional catheter drainage of the bladder. It is performed in the X-ray department, where the efficacy of the procedure can be checked immediately with a further cystogram. The results are compared with those in 7 other boys whose valves were destroyed by conventional endoscopic means.

Electrocoagulation↗
PubMed1988

Dense renal papillae: a quantitative study using computed tomography.

The attenuation of the renal papillae has been compared with that of the cortex/outer medulla (COM) in 100 consecutive patients undergoing abdominal computed tomography (CT). In most patients (73%) there were areas within the papillae measuring more than 5 Hounsfield units (HU) higher than the COM. In 11% of the patients this increase in papillary attenuation was even more marked (15 or more HU). Increased papillary attenuation was most marked in patients with newly diagnosed widespread malignancy; it was also common in thin patients and in those who were in-patients. The region of the papilla has been shown to have a slightly higher CT attenuation than the rest of the renal parenchyma and such density seems especially noticeable in sick patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Influence on patient management of general practitioner direct access to radiological services.

We have looked at the effect of open radiological access on patient management during a 2-year prospective study in the radiology department of a teaching hospital and two general practices. Five hundred and thirty consecutive requests for radiological examination were studied. Chest radiographs (29.8%) and barium meals (17.4%) were the investigations most commonly requested. At the time of referral general practitioners indicated that if open radiological access had not been available, 78% of the patients would have been referred to specialist clinics. They also indicated that with a normal initial radiological examination only 12% would need referral to a specialist department. Open access appears to save outpatient consultations.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1986

An improved hook for destroying posterior urethral valves.

A modified hook has been developed for the destruction of posterior urethral valves. This hook is safe and effective, and avoids the use of an anesthetic in the child. The effectiveness of the valve ablation is seen immediately radiologically and clinically.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Erythrocyte-bound immune complexes trigger the release of interleukin-1 from human monocytes.

We have demonstrated herein that immune complexes (IC) bound to O+ human erythrocytes trigger the release of interleukin-1 (IL-1) from human monocytes in vitro. The efficiency of monocytes stimulation by erythrocyte-bound IC is in sharp contrast to the lack of stimulation of monocytes by soluble IC. The IL-1 activity triggered by erythrocyte-bound IC was lower than that induced by insoluble IC or opsonized fluorescent latex beads, but was greater than that induced by anti-D-treated O+ human erythrocytes. The magnitude of IL-1 release induced by insoluble IC and erythrocyte-bound IC were similar up to 18 hr of incubation. The IL-1 activity decreased in the supernatant of monocytes exposed to erythrocyte-bound IC for 40 hr, while the activity of IL-1 induced by insoluble IC remained at a high level. The physiological and physiopathological significance of triggering IL-1 release by erythrocyte-bound IC are discussed.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1985

Spina bifida occulta: lesion or anomaly?

Failure of fusion of the posterior arches of the lumbosacral spine above S3 was sought on frontal radiographs of 653 patients attending an accident and emergency (A & E) department. The patients were aged from 2 months to 98 years and represent all those with relevant information discharged as A & E outpatients over a 2-year period. Presenting complaints of backache or enuresis and inadequate radiographs were excluded. Spina bifida occulta was diagnosed in 22% of the whole group. The incidence was much higher in those below the age of 40 years (29.2%) compared with those above (9.8%). The overall age-adjusted incidence was 17.3%. Our study is an attempt to judge the off-the-street' prevalence of spina bifida occulta. It supports the notion that spina bifida occulta is a common anomaly, of no clinical significance on its own.

Adolescent↗