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Biomedical subjects

T Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to T Sharma.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Penetrating ocular trauma in children by "broomstick bows and arrows".

Ocular trauma by "broomstick bows and arrows" is a unique penetrating injury among Indian children. Hitting the eye with a great velocity, these highly contaminated missiles may cause severe damage. The results of surgical treatment of 100 children who suffered such trauma are presented. Anatomic success, ie, successful reconstruction of the globe with attached retina, was attained in 85 (85%) of these eyes. Functional success, ie, improvement in visual acuity of two Snellen lines in eyes with measurable preoperative acuity, or improvement to at least 2/60 in the eyes with preoperative acuities of light perception or hand movements, was attained in 62 (62%) of the eyes. Of the functionally successful eyes, an acuity of 6/9 or better was achieved in 28 (45.2%). Factors predictive of poor anatomical success were: injuries involving both anterior and posterior segment (P < .02), endophthalmitis (P < .05), and presence of retinal detachment with or without proliferative vitreoretinopathy (P < .05). Mean follow up was 4.5 +/- 3.59 months (range, 2 to 24 months).

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1993

Intraoperative measurement of intraocular pressure in vitrectomized aphakic air-filled eyes using the Tono-Pen XL.

The Tono-Pen XL (Bio-Rad, Santa Ana, CA) was compared with manometer readings for intraoperative measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) in 40 eyes of 40 consecutive patients after vitrectomy, lensectomy, and fluid-air exchange. Tono-Pen readings corresponding to manometer readings of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mmHg were obtained in a masked fashion with a randomized sequence of manometer readings. A correlation was obtained between the manometer and Tono-Pen readings (r = 0.96 in emmetropic eyes and r = 0.93 in myopic eyes). The regression curve that represents the calibration curve of Tono-Pen in terms of the manometer readings for air-filled vitrectomized eyes was obtained. Any Tono-Pen reading can be easily translated into the corresponding manometer reading by referring to the curve. The Tono-Pen can therefore be effectively used to accurately determine intraoperative IOP in eyes undergoing vitrectomy, lensectomy, and fluid-air exchange.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Availability and utility of local fishes of Shahjahanpur for mosquito control.

A survey of fishes in Shahjahanpur in different aquatic habitats revealed 35 indigenous fish species. Out of 35 fish species, 24 were found feeding on mosquito larvae of which 6 species, viz. Chela bacaila, Puntius stigma, Rasbora daniconius, Esomus danricus, Colisa fasciatus and Danio sp., had good larvivorous potential. Most of the fish species preferred to feed on III and IV instar larvae. In the presence of planktonic food, the consumption capacity of fishes for mosquito larvae was lesser on third day (D3) of observation than on first day (D1). The difference in the consumption of mosquito larvae between D1 and D3 was significant (P < 0.01). Similarly, difference in the feeding capacity of fishes in the months of September and January was highly significant (P < 0.001). But there was no seasonal variation in the preference of instar-wise consumption. Indigenous fish species such as C. fasciatus, E. danricus, P. stigma, R. daniconius and Danio sp. could therefore play a significant role in controlling mosquito breeding in this area.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Prevalence of filariasis in rural areas of Shahjahanpur district (Uttar Pradesh).

Night blood survey was carried out during May, 1990 to December, 1991 in 18 villages of 5 Primary Health Centres of district Shahjahanpur (UP), to find out the prevalence of filariasis in the area. Out of 2141 individuals surveyed randomly, 217 were found positive for microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti. The microfilaria rate, filarial disease rate and filarial endemicity rates were 10.1, 11.4 and 18.8 per cent respectively. An entomological survey revealed Culex quinquefasciatus as the vector. The average man hour density was 25.8. It is clear from the results that filariasis is more endemic in rural areas than urban area of Shahjahanpur as observed by local filariasis control unit.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Patient voices.

Patients and nurses at a psychiatric hospital were asked which aspects of care they rated most highly. The results showed that the two groups had very different perceptions. Tonmoy Sharma and colleagues report their findings and the implications.

England↗
PubMed1992

Effects of sodium lactate infusion on cisternal lactate and carbon dioxide levels in nonhuman primates.

OBJECTIVE: To further the understanding of lactate-induced panic in patients with panic disorder, the authors examined cisternal lactate and carbon dioxide levels in nonhuman primates after infusions of sodium lactate comparable to those used in studies of human beings. METHOD: CSF and venous blood lactate, pH, PCO2, PO2, and bicarbonate were measured in five ketamine-anesthetized nonhuman primates, without mechanical ventilation, before and after they underwent infusions of sodium lactate. In addition, the same measurements were made for three of the five subjects who were given saline infusions. RESULTS: Despite the development of the characteristic peripheral biochemical effects of infused sodium lactate--increased lactate and bicarbonate levels and metabolic alkalosis--no increases in central lactate or carbon dioxide levels were observed. Saline infusions produced no biochemical effects on venous and cisternal measures. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study are in keeping with previous findings of nonpermeability of the blood-brain barrier to anionic compounds such as lactate. They therefore support theories of lactate panic based on cognitive and/or brainstem misevaluation of peripheral somatic sensations.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Malaria epidemic in Baniyani village, District Farrukhabad (U.P.).

Many deaths were recorded in village Baniyani of Talgram PHC of District Farrukhabad, U.P. during August to November 1991, which is the malaria transmission season in this area. Integrated measures, like one-round spraying of DDT and HCH, six-round fogging of malathion and six-time application of Baytex in mosquito breeding sites, were adopted by the Health Department of the U.P. government to avert an epidemic. Investigations carried out by the Malaria Research Centre during November and December 1991 showed low mosquito densities and larval positivity but very high incidence of malaria in the village. No malaria case was recorded by the surveillance worker of the Health Department of the state government before the outbreak of the disease. However, high slide falciparum rate (51.57), child parasite rate (40.0), infant parasite rate (66.66) and spleen rate (82.90) in the village clearly indicated hyperendemic conditions in the area and hence deaths recorded in the village during the malaria transmission period could be due to malaria only. Major factors responsible for the deaths due to malaria in the village were poor surveillance, faulty diagnosis, and low literacy and socio-economic status of the villagers.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Peribulbar anesthesia for primary vitreoretinal surgery.

We prospectively studied the efficacy of peribulbar anesthesia in 76 consecutive patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery. The mean duration of anesthesia was 124.74 +/- 50.17 minutes, and the mean duration of akinesia, 151.5 +/- 54.45 minutes. Adequate anesthesia and akinesia, independent of the duration of surgery, was obtained in 26 of 33 (78.8%) patients who underwent vitrectomy; 9 of 32 (28.1%) who underwent scleral buckling; and 2 of 11 (18.2%) who underwent vitrectomy combined with scleral buckling. In all, topical and systemic supplementation of drugs for inadequate anesthesia or akinesia allowed 32 of the 33 (97%) vitrectomies, 30 of the 32 (94%) scleral buckling procedures, and all 11 of the combined surgeries to be completed as planned. Three (4%) patients vomited, moved, or were restless, resulting in an operative complication or postponement of surgery. Fifty-eight (76%) said they would desire similar anesthesia if subsequent surgery was needed in the same or fellow eye. We conclude that peribulbar anesthesia should be considered primarily for patients requiring vitreous surgery alone, and as an alternative for patients requiring scleral buckling or combined surgery for whom general anesthesia is contraindicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effect of storage duration on cell cycle kinetics and yield of chromosomal aberrations in PHA-responsive human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-responsive lymphocytes from human peripheral blood samples, either irradiated or un-irradiated, showed increased frequency of first division metaphase cells (detected by fluorescence plus Giemsa (FPG) staining) as a function of duration of storage. Irradiated and subsequently stored samples showed small but significant increase for the yield of dicentrics. The yield of aberrant metaphases and deletions (excess acentrics) remained unchanged. Increasing Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) concentrations slowed down the cell cycle progression but did not influence the yield of aberrations including that of dicentrics.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Distribution pattern and dose-response-relationship of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes induced in vitro by 60Co gamma-rays and 110 kV X-rays.

Peripheral blood lymphocyte culture system was used to construct reference dose-response curves for 60Co gamma-rays and 110 kV X-ray-induced chromosome aberrations at 6 dose points ranging from 0.25 to 4.0 Gy. Qualitative and quantitative differences between these two types of radiation for the yield of induced aberrations and their distribution pattern were analysed. Experimental data of aberration yields were compared after fitting them to five different dose-response models. The yields of chromosome aberrations in particular dicentrics, gave a good fit to linear-quadratic besides linear and power models. In this model, single-track events predominated over double-track events for both the qualities of radiation used. The pattern of distribution was mainly Poisson for dicentrics but gave a conflicting result for acentrics which was in excess.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1991

Enhanced frequency of chromosome aberrations in workers occupationally exposed to diagnostic X-rays.

To estimate the level of radiation exposure of personnel handling diagnostic X-ray machines, the yield of chromosomal aberrations was analysed in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. These occupationally exposed individuals showed higher frequencies of dicentrics as well as acentrics than normal controls. Absorbed radiation doses calculated by extrapolating reference in vitro dose-response curve for dicentrics ranged between 0.13 and 0.17 Gy. This implies exposure beyond the permissible limit of 0.05 Gy/year for the whole body. However, no obvious trend of increased aberrations as a function of either duration of employment or age was noticed. The increase in the aberration yields in this personnel underscores the need of adopting measures to avoid or minimise such overexposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Harlequin banding and localisation of sister-chromatid exchanges.

Harlequin banding (HB) was standardised on Indian muntjac chromosomes by superimposing harlequin staining or sister-chromatid differentiation and G-banding after incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) or cholorodeoxyuridine (CldU), and after treatment with BrdU plus mitomycin C (MMC). SCEs were localized on these chromosomes with the aid of the G-band map. There were more SCEs in G-bands than in R-bands in BrdU-incorporated chromosomes. CldU-incorporated chromosomes, however, did not show a preferential localization of SCEs in either G- or R-bands. When BrdU + MMC-induced SCEs were localized in harlequin-banded chromosomes, there was a significantly greater number of SCEs in R-bands; and there was a concomitant reduction in the frequency of SCEs in G-bands, as compared to the SCEs observed in this region after BrdU incorporation alone. Centromeric regions of chromosomes 1 and X had preferred sites for occurrence of SCEs in BrdU-incorporated chromosomes, the preferred sites being more in G-bands after BrdU and CldU incorporation and in R-bands after treatment of BrdU-incorporated chromosomes with MMC. Thus the formation of SCEs is not restricted by structure per se as defined by euchromatin or heterochromatin, but depends on the site of lesion production, type of lesion and repair pathway followed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Management of retinal detachment with choroidal coloboma.

Seventeen eyes with retinal detachment secondary to retinal breaks in the colobomatous area were managed by vitrectomy procedures. Endodrainage was done through the break in the colobomatous area, with simultaneous fluid-air exchange. Endolaser photocoagulation was performed along the colobomatous margin posteriorly, while the anterior portion was treated by transscleral cryopexy. Silicone oil was then exchanged with air. In nine cases, the silicone oil had to be removed for complications such as emulsification, glaucoma, and keratopathy; in three of these eyes, oil removal resulted in recurrent retinal detachment. At the 2-month follow-up visit, there was 100% anatomic success, and 12 eyes (70.6%) recovered visual acuity of 10/200 or better. Of the 11 eyes with follow-up of more than 6 months, in 9 (81.8%) the retina remained reattached at last-follow up, and in 6 eyes (54.5%) a visual acuity of 10/200 or better was obtained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The fate of X-ray-induced chromosome aberrations in blood lymphocyte culture.

The BrdU-Giemsa method which facilitates an unequivocal identification of metaphases at different cycles has been utilized to investigate the fate of X-ray-induced chromosome aberrations in the blood lymphocyte culture system of the Indian muntjac which has the lowest diploid number (2n = 6 female/7 male) and easily distinguishable large-sized chromosomes. The results demonstrate that about 50% of dicentrics and only 12% of rings were transmitted from the first cycle to the second. There were as high as 73% abnormal cells in the second cycle as against 94% in the first cycle following 4.0 Gy. However, the frequencies of dicentrics, rings and of abnormal cells were greatly reduced in the third+ cycles. The frequencies of acentric fragments per post-irradiated first, second and third+ division cell were 2.21, 0.64 and 0.24, respectively. In sharp contrast to all earlier reports, about 75% of them were retained as a single acentric fragment in the second cycle. Analysis of fragment segregation during anaphase separation supports this finding. The survival probability of dicentrics and rings was found to be more than 60% in the second and only 18% in the third+ cycle.

Animals↗