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T Satoh

Publications and source records attributed to T Satoh.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Activation of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor by a direct precursor of TRH, TRH-Gly.

We studied the mechanism by which thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-Gly stimulated prolactin and thyrotropin (TSH) secretion in pituitary, using a pituitary mammotropic cell line, GH3 cells, and a cell line stably expressing a human TRH receptor (TRH-R). In GH3 cells expressing endogenous TRH-R, an addition of TRH-Gly evoked an immediate rise of intracellular calcium concentration, indicating that TRH-Gly reacted directly without converting from TRH-Gly to TRH. In order to determine whether this reaction might occur through TRH-R, we established a cell line stably expressing a human TRH-R, by transfecting a human TRH-R cDNA into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO cells). In this cell line, 10 nM TRH elevated intracellular calcium significantly; the Kd for MeTRH was 1.7 nM. One micromolar and 100 nM TRH-Gly also elevated intracellular concentration of calcium significantly, but not in CHO cells which were not transfected with the TRH-R cDNA. Competition studies further revealed that TRH-Gly displaced MeTRH binding (IC50, 12 microM). These data indicate that at high concentration, TRH-Gly interacts directly with TRH-R to activate signal transduction pathway, and that release of prolactin and TSH induced by TRH-Gly in vitro may be due, at least in part, to the direct effect of TRH-Gly on the TRH-R.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

G protein beta gamma subunit activates Ras, Raf, and MAP kinase in HEK 293 cells.

Using transient transfection of HEK 293 cells, we have studied the activation of Ras, c-Raf, and MAP kinase by G protein-coupled receptors, activated G protein alpha subunit (G alpha), and beta gamma subunits (G beta gamma). The expression of constitutively activated Gs alpha, Gi alpha, and G11 alpha did not have any effect on MAP kinase phosphorylation. In contrast, overexpression of G beta gamma could stimulate the phosphorylation of MAP kinase and enhance the MEK kinase activity of c-Raf. Coexpression of dominant negative Ras inhibited G beta gamma-induced phosphorylation of MAP kinase. Furthermore, the GTP-bound form of Ras was increased by overexpression of G beta gamma. These results strongly suggest that the G beta gamma may play an important role in signaling from G protein-coupled receptors to the MAP kinase pathway, and the activation of Ras and c-Raf may be involved in this signaling cascade in HEK 293 cells.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1995

Secretory products of bovine oviductal epithelial cells support the viability and motility of bovine spermatozoa in culture in vitro.

The ability of secretions from the bovine oviduct to maintain the viability and motility of bovine spermatozoa was investigated by incubating frozen-thawed spermatozoa with oviductal flushings, uterine flushings, or the medium from cultures of oviductal epithelial cells and endothelial cells. The flushings obtained from both oviducts and uteri were effective for the maintenance of the viability and motility of spermatozoa, irrespective of the stage of the estrous cycle at which they had been collected. The flushings obtained from the ampullar region of oviducts at the follicular phase of the estrous cycle were most effective for the maintenance of viability and motile activity, for example, the forward motion of spermatozoa. Sperm viability and motility were also maintained by the medium from 6-hour culture of epithelial cells obtained from oviducts at the follicular phase of the estrous cycle. In contrast, the medium derived from bovine fetal artery endothelial cells had no significant effect on sperm viability and motility. These results suggest that the fluids of the female reproductive tract, in particular, the oviductal fluids at the follicular stage, provide a suitable environment for the maintenance of the viability and motility of bovine spermatozoa. It is also suggested that secretory product(s) of oviductal epithelial cells may play an important role in sustaining both the viability and motility of spermatozoa.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Biochemical characterization of a bovine oviduct-specific sialo-glycoprotein that sustains sperm viability in vitro.

A bovine oviduct-specific glycoprotein (BOGP) that sustained the viability of bovine spermatozoa in vitro was purified from an extract of bovine oviducts. The amino-terminal amino acid sequence of BOGP was found to be a homologous with that of oviductin, a protein from hamster that was recently characterized by Mallete and Bleau (1993: Biochem. J. 295, 437-445). Purified BOGP was characterized as a sialo-glycoprotein containing N-linked and O-linked sialo-oligosaccharides side chains with galactose, mannose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, fucose and sialic acids in its core protein (57 kDa). Intact BOGP has a wide range of isoelectric points (pIs) from 6.5 to 3.0 but a narrow range of molecular masses around 95 kDa. On isoelectric focusing of neuraminidase-treated BOGP (AS-BOGP), a narrow band with a pI of 9.3 was observed, and the ability of AS-BOGP to maintain sperm viability was negligible. We propose that BOGP is a mucin-type sialo-glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 72 kDa that contains one N-linked and approx. 15 O-linked sialo-oligosaccharide chains. These side chains appear to be important for the maintenance of sperm viability.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Localization of an isoform of carboxylesterase in rat brain differs from that in human brain.

Liver carboxylesterase (CE) is an enzyme capable of metabolizing drugs, and may also function as a regulator of lipid metabolism. We examined two isoforms of CE (RH1 and RL1) by immunohistochemistry in rat brain. The anti-RL1 antibody did not stain any brain structures. The anti-RH1 antibody, however, stained oligodendrocytes in all brain tissues and tanycytes, as well as some neurons in the deep cingulate gyrus, various hypothalamic nuclei and the spinal trigeminal nucleus. In the central nervous system, rat CE may function as a protective factor against foreign chemicals in these glial and neuronal cells. The distribution differed from that of the homologous human isoform which has been previously found only in endothelial cells in human brain. A possible relation between RH1 positive neurons and the medial pain system is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Human eosinophil major basic protein, a mediator of allergic inflammation, is expressed by alternative splicing from two promoters.

Human eosinophil major basic protein (MBP) is one of the principal mediators of injury to parasites and tissues in allergic inflammation. MBP is stored in eosinophil crystalloid granules and released with other granule constituents during eosinophil action. Previous studies have identified an MBP gene promoter that generates a 1.0 kb mRNA transcript encoding MBP preproprotein which undergoes processing to the mature storage form. To investigate how the MBP gene is regulated, we have examined the identity and levels of the MBP transcripts both in precursor cells and in blood eosinophils. It was found that the gene was expressed from two upstream promoters, a distal promoter P1 in addition to the previously described promoter P2. Evidence for the second promoter was initially provided by isolation from a human HL-60 leukaemic cell cDNA library of a novel 1.6 kb MBP cDNA that was distinct from the known 1.0 kb cDNA. The complete nucleotide sequence of the 1.6 kb cDNA was determined, and showed that the two cDNAs had identical coding and 3' untranslated regions but differed in their 5' sequences. By isolating and sequencing MBP genomic clones from an arrayed chromosome 11 library, it was demonstrated that the MBP gene is composed of nine upstream exons and five coding exons. The 1.6 and 1.0 kb cDNAs arise by differential splicing of alternate MBP transcripts from promoters P1 and P2 respectively, located 32 kb apart in the genomic DNA. Primer extension analysis identified two transcription start sites at P1, neither associated with a typical TATA box motif. Northern blotting and reverse-transcription PCR analysis showed that the 1.0 kb mRNA was present at higher levels than the 1.6 kb species in immature cells including HL-60 and bone-marrow cells. By contrast, low levels of 1.6 kb mRNA transcripts predominated in differentiated blood eosinophils. The results are compatible with differential use of P1 and P2 promoters as a mechanism for regulation of MBP expression during eosinophil maturation.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMed1995

GSH-independent denitration of the nitrate ester of a dihydropyridine derivative in rabbit hepatic cytosol.

The denitration of a dihydropyridine derivative having two nitrate ester groups, 2-nitroxypropyl 3-nitrooxypropyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3, 5-pyridinedicarboxylate (NND), by rabbit hepatic cytosol was investigated. Sephadex G-150 chromatography of ammonium sulfate precipitate (30-60%) from the cytosol demonstrated the presence of two distinct activities (peak I and peak II) responsible for denitration of [14C]-NND. The first peak, peak I, was observed in the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT), but not in the presence of glutathione (GSH). Moreover, the denitration activity of peak I was not inhibited by S-hexyl GSH, an inhibitor of GSH S-transferase (GST), indicating that peak I possessed no GST activity. In contrast, the denitration activity of peak II, having GST activity, required GSH and was inhibited by S-hexyl GSH. These results strongly suggest that the GSH-independent enzyme system(s), in addition to GST, is responsible for denitration of nitrate esters of NND.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Macromolecular ionophores. 1. Chiral recognition properties of poly[(1-->6)-2,5-anhydro-D-glucitol] toward racemic amino acid ester.

The chiral recognition property of poly[(1-->6)-2,5-anhydro-3,4-di-O-alkyl-D-glucitol] (1) toward racemic RCH (CO2CH3)NH3+.PF6- (2.HPF6) has been studied using a transport system involving an aqueous source and receiving phases separated by a chloroform phase containing 1. Transport rates for aromatic guests 2a (R = Ph) and 2b (R = CH2Ph) were faster than those for aliphatic guests, 2c (R = CH(CH3)2) and 2d (R = CH2CH(CH3)2), using the polymer substituted with methyl groups (1a). The enantiomeric excess (e.e.) was 10.9% for 2a as a maximum value and decreased in the order of 2a > 2c > 2b = 2d. When the transport of 2a.HPF6 was carried out using the polymers with 3,4-di-O-methyl (1a), ethyl (1b), allyl (1c), and pentyl (1d) groups, the e.e. was 22.0% for 1d as a maximum value and increased in the order of 1a < 1b < 1c < 1d. The formation of a complex between 1a and 2a.HPF6 was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectral measurements.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1995

Bovine oviduct-specific glycoprotein: a potent factor for maintenance of viability and motility of bovine spermatozoa in vitro.

In the cow, a specific glycoprotein--bovine oviduct-specific glycoprotein (BOGP)--is secreted by the epithelial cells of the oviduct at the follicular stage of the estrous cycle. In this study, we examined the effects of purified BOGP on the viability and motility of bovine spermatozoa in culture in vitro. Frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa were incubated in modified Tyrode's solution (TALP) that contained purified BOGP (TALP-BOGP). In TALP-BOGP, both the viability and motility of bovine spermatozoa were more effectively maintained than in the control medium without any added protein. The increases in both the viability and motility of spermatozoa were dose-dependent. Spermatozoa were also incubated in TALP medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin, egg albumin, lactalbumin, or gastric mucin, and their viability and motility in these media were compared with that in TALP-BOGP. Both the viability and motility of spermatozoa were more effectively maintained in TALP-BOGP throughout a 12-hr incubation than in other media tested. An immunolabeling study demonstrated that a monoclonal antibody specific for BOGP reacted with the posterior region of the head, the middle portion, and the tail of spermatozoa that had been incubated with TALP-BOGP, suggesting that BOGP becomes specifically associated with particular regions of the spermatozoon. These results suggest that BOGP is a potent factor for maintenance of the viability and motility of sperm. On the basis of the present results, we also propose that BOGP may play an important role in sperm functions during the reproductive process.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Progressive application of autoradiography in pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies for the development of new drugs.

Autoradiographic data of distinctive tissue distributions of 14C atoms obtained by labeling at two different positions of a new drug suggest the metabolic fates of each labeled compound in experimental animals. A more accurate determination of blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage in several regions was indicated by semimicroautoradioluminography, based on no passage of dopamine through the BBB. Autoradioluminography (ARLG) was useful for quantitative validation of whole body autoradiography (WBA) with both ordinal X-ray film and other detectors. In frozen specimens, a good correlation was obtained between the relative radioactivity, photostimulated luminescence (PSL), and liquid scintillation counting (LSC) values in each organ or tissue. However, the correlation was disturbed in lung, brain, bone, and adipose tissue after freeze-drying. In order to be listed in the regulatory items, WBA data must be quantitative as well. The paste-mold method presented here can be used to support WBA data. The thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-ARLG technique and its applications are also presented in this article. A blood concentration-time curve of both the parent compound and its unknown metabolites can be estimated with this technique.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Acetone excretion into urine of workers exposed to acetone in acetate fiber plants.

To develop a proper protocol for biological exposure monitoring of acetone, we evaluated whether exposure to acetone on the previous day affects the biological monitoring value at the end of a work day. One hundred and ten male workers exposed to acetone in three acetate fiber manufacturing plants were monitored using a liquid passive sampler on two consecutive working days after 2 days without exposure. Urine samples were collected at the start of the workshift and the end of the shift on both days for each subject. For ten exposed workers urine samples were collected approximately every 2 h during and after the first working day until the following morning. Acetone concentrations in urine (Cu) at the start of the first working day were 1.3 +/- 2.4 (range: ND-14.1) mg/l in nonexposed workers and 2.4 +/- 5.6 (range: ND-40.3) mg/l in exposed workers. The urinary acetone concentration at the beginning of the second working day indicated that urinary levels of acetone do not decline to background level by the following morning when exposure concentration exceeds 300 ppm. However, linear regression analysis demonstrated that the relationship between environmental exposure level and urine level was similar on the 1st day and the 2nd day. Thus, although urine acetone levels did not return completely to baseline after high exposures, under the present exposure levels the exposure on the previous day did not significantly affect urinary acetone at the end of the workshift of the next day.

Acetone↗
PubMed1995

Regional cerebral blood flow, blood volume, oxygen extraction fraction, and oxygen utilization rate in normal volunteers measured by the autoradiographic technique and the single breath inhalation method.

By means of a high resolution PET scanner, the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), cerebral blood volume (rCBV), oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF), and metabolic rate of oxygen (rCMRO2) for major cerebral gyri and deep brain structures were studied in eleven normal volunteers during an eye-covered and ear-unplugged resting condition. Regional CBF was measured by the autoradiographic method after intravenous administration of H2(15)O. Regional OEF and rCMRO2 were measured by the single inhalation of 15O2. With MR T1-weighted images as an anatomical reference, thirteen major cerebral gyri, caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus, thalamus, midbrain, pons, cerebellum and vermis were defined on the CMRO2 images. Values were read by using circular regions of interest 16 mm in diameter. The posterior part of the cingulate gyri had the highest rCBF and rCMRO2 values among brain structures, followed by the lentiform nucleus, the cerebellum, the caudate nucleus, and the thalamus. Parahippocampal gyri had the lowest rCBF and rCMRO2 values among the cortical gyri. Regional OEF for the pontine nuclei (0.34 +/- 0.04), the midbrain (0.35 +/- 0.05), the parahippocampal gyri (0.35 +/- 0.04 for the right and 0.37 +/- 0.05 for the left), and the thalami (0.37 +/- 0.05 for the right and 0.36 +/- 0.04 for the left) were significantly lower than the mean OEF for the cerebral cortices (0.42 +/- 0.04) (p < 0.05 or less). The global CBF and CMRO2 were consistent with those obtained by the Kety-Schmidt method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A murine model for assessing the respiratory hypersensitivity potential of chemical allergens.

Using equimolar quantities of 2 chemical allergens, toluene diisocyanate (TDI), noted for its ability to cause respiratory hypersensitivity, and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), noted for its dermal sensitizing activity, the mouse was evaluated as a possible model to indicate respiratory hypersensitivity. A previously published procedure (Garssen et al. (1989) Immunology 68, 51-58) was followed whereby chemicals were applied epicutaneously to the shaved flank of BALB/c mice. Eight days later, animals were challenged by intranasal application of the chemical. The lungs were evaluated at 48 h. Both TDI and DNCB elicited mild mononuclear inflammatory cuffing around pulmonary vasculature. No reaction was noted around pulmonary airways. Sera, drawn 48 h following the intranasal challenge with chemical allergen, were evaluated for total IgE, hapten-specific IgE and IgG, and for IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and interferon gamma. Animals exposed to TDI demonstrated decreased total IgE and the presence of TDI-specific IgG. Cytokine levels were unchanged in both groups. These results indicate that in this mouse model, total serum IgE and the production of hapten-specific IgG antibodies distinguished a respiratory from a contact sensitizing chemical. Further comparison of the serologic response of mice to these two classes of chemicals is required to determine if the murine model can be used to predict dermal versus respiratory sensitizing activity of chemical allergens.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1995

Molecular aspects of carboxylesterase isoforms in comparison with other esterases.

The involvement of carboxylesterase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and cholesterol esterase in pharmacology and toxicology are well recognized. However, there are few papers concerning the comparative studies of these serine hydrolases in terms of molecular level. Recently, we have studied various aspects of carboxylesterases using cDNAs of carboxylesterase isozymes purified from 9 animal species and human liver microsomes, and found that there is high homology of the N-terminal amino acid sequences of the isozymes tested. On the other hand, we compared the amino acid sequences at the active site of the individual esterases and found that the sequences of all esterases tested are strictly conserved. These results strongly suggest that the esterases involved are classified into the serine hydrolase super family.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Inhibitory effects of 1-O-hexyl-2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone (HTHQ), green tea catechins and other antioxidants on 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1)-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis and dose-dependent inhibition by HTHQ of lesion induction by Glu-P-1 or 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx).

The effects of 1-O-hexyl-2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone (HTHQ), green tea catechins (GTC), alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, chlorophyllin, phenylethylisothiocyanate (PEITC), 3-O-ethylascorbic acid (EAsA), 3-O-dodecylcarbomethyl ascorbic acid (DAsA), n-tritriacontane-16,18-dione (TTAD) and d-limonene on 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1)- or dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, and the dose dependence of HTHQ inhibition of Glu-P-1- or 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo [4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx)-influence on lesion development were examined in a rat medium-term liver bioassay system featuring diethylnitrosamine initiation and partial hepatectomy. At the end of week 8, the number and total area of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive liver foci in rats treated with 0.03% Glu-P-1 alone were increased significantly (46.8 +/- 11.0 and 12.0 +/- 5.6 respectively) as compared to the control values (3.8 +/- 1.6 and 0.4 +/- 0.2). Combined treatment with 1% HTHQ remarkably reduced both of these parameters (8.1 +/- 2.1 and 0.6 +/- 0.2). GTC (1%), PEITC (0.1%), beta-carotene (0.1%) and DAsA (1%) also demonstrated inhibition but less than HTHQ. On the other hand, these antioxidants did not influence development of foci initiated by 0.002% DMN. In the dose-response study, up to 0.125% HTHQ significantly reduced the effects of 0.02% Glu-P-1 or 0.03% MeIQx on the number and area of foci. These results indicate that several antioxidants exert chemopreventive effects against heterocyclic amine (HCA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, and particularly HTHQ which thus deserves further attention as a chemopreventor in the contest of the environmentally important HCA group of carcinogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Chemoprevention of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]-pyridine (PhIP)-induced mammary gland carcinogenesis by antioxidants in F344 female rats.

Chemopreventive effects of the antioxidants 1-O-hexyl-2,3,5- trimethylhydroquinone (HTHQ), 3-O-ethylascorbic acid (EAsA), 3-O-dodecylcarbomethylascorbic acid (DAsA), green tea catechins (GTC) and ellagic acid on 2-amino-1-methyl-6- phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP)-induced mammary carcinogenesis were examined in female F344 rats. Groups of 20-21 6-week-old rats were maintained on a powdered diet containing 0.02% PhIP alone, PhIP together with 0.5% HTHQ, 1% EAsA, 1% DAsA, 1% GTC or 0.1% ellagic acid, these antioxidants alone or basal diet alone without supplement for 52 weeks. The survival rates of PhIP plus antioxidant groups at the end of the experiment were higher than that of the PhIP alone group. Sequential observation of palpable mammary tumors demonstrated only one tumor by week 52 in the PhIP plus HTHQ group, whereas 40% of the rats receiving PhIP alone had tumors by this time point. The final incidence of mammary adenocarcinomas was significantly decreased in the PhIP plus HTHQ group (4.8%, P < 0.01) as compared to the PhIP alone value (40%). Although statistically not significant, incidences of adenocarcinomas in the other antioxidant-treated groups (23.8-28.6%) were also lower than in the PhIP alone group. Furthermore, the incidence of large intestinal tumors in the PhIP plus HTHQ group (0%) showed a tendency to decrease relative to the PhIP alone group (16.7%). These results indicate that antioxidants, particularly HTHQ, exert a potent chemopreventive action against PhIP-induced carcinogenesis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Strong anti-mutagenic activity of the novel lipophilic antioxidant 1-O-hexyl-2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone against heterocyclic amine-induced mutagenesis in the Ames assay and its effect on metabolic activation of 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d] imidazole (Glu-p-1).

Antimutagenic effects of a novel lipophilic antioxidant, 1-O-hexyl-2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone (HTHQ), and other known antioxidants against heterocyclic amine- or other mutagen-induced mutagenesis were examined in the Ames assay using Salmonella strain TA 98 to access the chemo-preventive effects of antioxidants on heterocyclic amine-induced carcinogenesis. Further the mechanisms of inhibition by HTHQ were accessed. HTHQ was shown to potently inhibit mutagenesis induced by all of 8 different heterocyclic amines at rates between 100% and 63% in the presence of S9 mix. When the protection of HTHQ against 2-amino-6- methyldipyrido[1,2-alpha:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1)-induced mutagenesis was compared with known antioxidants t-butylhydroquinone, propyl gallate, BHA, BHT and alpha-tocopherol, HTHQ showed the greatest effect. Among hexyl, butyl, ethyl and methyl derivatives of 1-O-alkyl-2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone, HTHQ was the most effective in inhibiting Glu-P-1-, 3-amino-1-methyl-5-H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2)- or 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ)-induced mutagenesis. On the other hand, HTHQ did not inhibit mutagenic activity induced by other mutagens such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide (AF-2) and benzo[a]pyrene. HTHQ weakly inhibited that due to direct mutagen 2-nitro derivative of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) only in the presence of S9 mix. No such influence on a 2-nitro derivative of 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ) or 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP)-induced mutagenesis, was observed with or without the S9 mix. HTHQ slightly inhibited mutagenesis induced by activated Glu-P-1, a direct acting proximate metabolite of Glu-P-1, in the absence of the S9 mix. HPLC analysis revealed activated Glu-P-1 to be formed by incubating Glu-P-1 with the S9 mix, but this was considerably decreased by the addition of HTHQ. These results indicate that HTHQ is a powerful antimutagenic compound and specifically acts against heterocyclic amines. Its antimutagenic activity appeared to exert by both inhibiting metabolic activation of heterocyclic amines and action on activated N-hydroxy species.

Amines↗