Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T Sano.
We performed preoperative intraarterial infusion chemotherapy of CDDP in combination with angiotensin II pressor for cervical cancer, and the balloon occluded infusion (BOAI) method was used. Pt concentration and histological change in surgical specimens were investigated, and the efficacy of BOAI method was estimated.
Ro5-4864, diazepam and chlordiazepoxide inhibited the concanavalin A-induced [14C]serotonin release from rat mast cells dose dependently with IC30 values 38, 115 and 160 microM, respectively. They also inhibited concanavalin A-induced 45Ca uptake, with IC50 values 180, 860 and 1800 microM, respectively. Clonazepam slightly inhibited serotonin release, but medazepam did not, and neither compound inhibited the calcium uptake stimulated by concanavalin A. The potencies of benzodiazepines to inhibit concanavalin A-induced serotonin release and 45Ca uptake were correlated with their binding affinities to the peripheral type of benzodiazepine binding sites. At higher concentrations, these benzodiazepines caused release of both serotonin and lactate dehydrogenase, due to their cytotoxicity. The calcium channels of mast cells are probably not voltage-dependent, as the agonists of voltage-dependent calcium channels, Bay k 8644 and YC-170, did not stimulate serotonin release. Moreover, Ro5-4864, diazepam and chlordiazepoxide inhibited A23187-induced serotonin release. Mast cells have high contents of calmodulin (602 +/- 20 ng/10(6) cells), and benzodiazepines inhibited calmodulin. The benzodiazepine inhibitory effects on the serotonin release induced by A23187 seemed to be partly due to their calmodulin-inhibiting activities. These results suggest that inhibition of serotonin release by benzodiazepines in mast cells activated by concanavalin A is mainly due to inhibition of calcium channels, which may be controlled by the peripheral type of benzodiazepine binding sites.
The autopsy findings of a patient who survived 14 years after ventricular septation for single ventricle are reported. Although the patient had been well for years, she suddenly died at 22 years of age. Her ventricular free walls had grown normally, but the ventricular septum did not. A crevice was found in the apex, and the ventricular septum consisted of only the Teflon patch. Microscopically, fibrosis was found only in the right atrium.
Spreading of cells on a solution surface could visualize vesicular stomatitis virus nucleocapsids and virions in infected cells easily and clearly without the need for any purification. Characteristic structures observed by the spreading of the infected cells are described and discussed.
The complete nucleotide sequence of the phytoreovirus rice dwarf virus (RDV) genome segment 9 is presented. It consisted of 1305 nucleotides and had an open reading frame that codes for a putative polypeptide of 351 amino acids. Mr of the protein was calculated to be 38,598. The terminal nucleotides 5' GGUAAA--GAU 3' were the same as those of RDV genome segment 10. The fourth nucleotide from the 3' end of an expected conserved sequence was a C rather than the U found in the previously sequenced genome segment 10. A structure similar to the segment-specific inverted repeat of wound tumour virus was also found in the terminal region of segment 9.
Viroids have been isolated from plum trees (Prunus salicina Lindley) affected with plum dapple fruit disease and from peach trees (Prunus persica Batsch) showing dapple fruit symptoms. The viroids were inoculated mechanically to cucurbitaceous plants, in which symptoms typical of hop stunt viroid (HSV) infection appeared. The complete nucleotide sequences of an isolate from plum and an isolate from peach (AF isolate) were shown to be identical, consisting of 297 nucleotides with a 93.6% sequence homology to HSV-hop. Another isolate from peach (A9 isolate) also consists of 297 nucleotides, but the sequence homology to HSV-hop is 99.7%, showing only one nucleotide replacement. These results indicate that these three viroids are strains of HSV, which we designate HSV-plum, HSV-peach (AF) and HSV-peach (A9), respectively. Comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of HSV strains from hop, grapevine, citrus, cucumber, plum and peach revealed variable and conserved regions in the HSV molecule. In Japan, these viroids are closely related not only to dapple fruit disease in plum cv. Taiyo, but also to dapple fruit symptoms on peach cv. Asama-Hakutou.
The epithelial properties of the cells in six cases of synovial sarcoma, five biphasic and one monophasic, were examined. Epithelial cells formed well demarcated glandular nests with a multi- or single-layered lining, poorly defined nest-like clusters, or appeared as scattered single plump cells in a spindle-cell stroma. Keratinization was seen in multi-layered epithelia, and was suggested in single-layered epithelia from the presence of some enlarged eosinophilic cells. Immunohistochemically, epithelia lining glands showed reactivity for both low- and high-molecular-weight (MW) cytokeratins, and the reactions for both were strongest in keratinized cells. Clustered or single plump cells showed low-MW cytokeratin reactivity. All epithelial cells were negative for the largest cytokeratin (no. 1), and occasionally stained positively for vimentin. Spindle-shaped stromal cells usually stained positively for vimentin only. Type IV collagen was distributed linearly around well circumscribed epithelia, but not around poorly defined epithelia or plump cells. Epithelial membrane antigen was distributed linearly along glandular spaces and irregularly or granularly in clustered plump cells. The immunophenotypic epithelialization in synovial sarcoma was restricted, but showed considerable correlation with the histological grade of differentiation.
The morphology of the common atrioventricular valve and its relation to the ventricles was assessed by cross sectional echocardiography in 17 patients with atrial isomerism--four with left isomerism and 13 with right isomerism. In 13 patients the atrioventricular valve consisted of four leaflets: a large anterosuperior leaflet, two lateral leaflets, and a posteroinferior leaflet. The remaining four patients had two anterosuperior leaflets. Five patients had hearts with a double inlet right ventricle and all of them had a rudimentary left ventricle. All the commissures were attached to the right ventricle. Five patients showed severe right ventricular dominance. The atrioventricular morphology in these five hearts differed from that in the patients with the usual atrial arrangement, concordant atrioventricular connection, and hypoplasia of the left ventricle. Only the anterosuperior leaflet bridged the rudimentary left ventricle, and the posteroinferior leaflet was tethered to the ventricular septal crest. Six patients had a biventricular atrioventricular connection and two of them showed mild right ventricular dominance. The atrioventricular morphology in these hearts was the same as that seen in the patients with usual atrial arrangement and a concordant atrioventricular connection. The remaining patient showed dominance of the left ventricle. Only the anterosuperior leaflet bridged the rudimentary right ventricle in this heart.
To elucidate the ventricular contractile state and function in patients with univentricular heart, the ventricular volume, mass, ejection phase index, and wall stress were evaluated with biplane ventriculography and pressure measurement in 41 patients: 18 with left ventricular (LV) type (age, 6.4 +/- 6.1 years) and 23 with right ventricular (RV) type (age, 5.7 +/- 4.1 years), and data from patients with univentricular heart were compared with data from 19 normal control subjects (age, 7.2 +/- 4.3 years). Although the end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were significantly greater in both types of univentricular heart than in the normal control group, the volumes for the LV and RV type patients did not differ from each other. The ejection fraction (EF) was depressed in both patient types of univentricular heart and was significantly (p less than 0.005) lower in the RV type than in the LV type patients (0.56 +/- 0.05 for LV type, 0.50 +/- 0.07 for RV type, and 0.64 +/- 0.03 for the control group). The ventricular mass was larger in both patient types of univentricular heart than in that of the control group, whereas the ratio of ventricular mass to end-diastolic volume was significantly (p less than 0.001) lower in the RV type patients than in the LV type patients and the control group (0.79 +/- 0.18 g/ml for LV type, 0.51 +/- 0.10 for RV type, and 0.82 +/- 0.13 for control group). End-systolic stress was significantly elevated in both types of univentricular heart (241 +/- 45 for LV type, 328 +/- 52 for RV type, and 205 +/- 26 kdynes/cm2 for the control group) and significantly (p less than 0.001) greater in the RV type than in the LV type patients. There was a significant inverse correlation (p less than 0.001) between end-systolic stress and the ratio of mass to end-diastolic volume in all the patients. In 27 patients (12 patients for LV type, 15 for RV type) the mean normalized systolic ejection rate corrected for heart rate (MNSERc) clearly fell below the 95% confidence limit of the normal end-systolic stress-MNSERc relation. The end-systolic stress:end-systolic volume ratio was also significantly depressed in both patient types of univentricular heart (3.49 +/- 1.77 for LV type, 4.07 +/- 2.13 for RV type, and 7.20 +/- 1.32 for the control group). In these variables, however, there were no significant differences between LV and RV type patients of univentricular heart.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The crystal and molecular structures of carbon-bridged 6,5'-cyclo-5'-deoxy-4-thiouridine (6,5'-Cs4U), 6,5'-cyclo-5'-deoxy-2',3'-O-isopropylideneuridine (6,5'-CiU) and 6,6'-cyclo-5',6'-dideoxy-allofuranosyluracil (6,6'-CU) have been determined by X-ray diffraction. The molecular conformations of 6,5'-Cs4U and 6,5'-CiU are very similar; the conformation about the glycosidic bond is anti (low region), the torsion angle O(4')-C(1')-N(1)-C(2) being -150.0 degrees for 6,5'-Cs4U and -145.5 degrees for 6,5'-CiU, and the sugar puckering being both O(4')-exo. On the other hand, 6,6'-CU takes the glycosidic torsion angle of -116.9(4) degrees (middle anti region) and the sugar conformation of C(4')-endo. The cyclization causes little alteration in the geometry of the base moiety. 6,5'-Cs4U and 6,5'-CiU exhibit the similar base-base interactions between adjacent molecules, although their molecular packings are quite different; the 4-thiouracil or uracil moiety interacts with adjacent base moieties through hydrogen bonding and stacking interactions. In 6,6'-CU, cyclonucleosides were connected by hydrogen bondings between the hydroxyl and sugar ring oxygen atoms and between the hydroxyl groups and the base nitrogen and oxygen atoms. As the 2',3'-cyclic phosphates of these carbon-bridged cyclonucleosides are hydrolyzed by ribonuclease A, it is suggested that the conformers found in these cyclonucleosides are recognized by the enzyme.
The blood vascular bed of the rat thyroid gland was reproduced by injection of a methacrylate casting medium and observed with a scanning electron microscope. The rat thyroid gland received the superior and inferior thyroid arteries and emitted the superior and inferior thyroid veins. Anastomosis between the interlobular arteries or between the interlobular veins was frequently observed in the thyroid gland. The arteriovenous anastomosis was rarely observed between the terminal branches of the lobular arteries and veins. The thyroid blood vascular bed was divided into lobular units which consisted of basket-like capillary networks surrounding the thyroid follicles; a small lobular unit consisted of a few networks, whereas a large one of fifty or more networks. Sizes and forms of the networks varied widely in each case. However, the networks in the superficial layers of the lateral parts of the thyroid gland were typically most developed. Regardless of its size and form, each network always received a proper efferent vessel continuous with the lobular vein, though it was sometimes provided with an accessory afferent or efferent vessel. Only occasionally were the adjacent networks fused with each other or connected by transfollicular capillaries. Thus, the present data suggest that each follicular capillary network is a fairly independent functional-unit in the thyroid microcirculation. The capillaries of the network were sinusoidal in nature and sometimes protruded fine projections which indicated the neogenesis of capillaries. The blood vascular bed of the newborn rat thyroid gland was not always differentiated into basket-like capillary networks.
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Spontaneous pituitary changes with aging were studied in 130 male Lobund-Wistar rats by light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. These 69 healthy rats (6, 18, and 30 months) and 61 moribund rats (17-50 months) had been maintained in four different groups with the following environmental conditions: conventional full fed, convention food restricted, germ free-full fed, and germ free-food restricted. Gonadotroph nodules were the most frequent proliferative lesions (27 rats). It was difficult to determine whether these nodules were hyperplastic or neoplastic. They were found in aging rats (26 months or older) and their development was delayed by food restriction and germ-free status parallel to prolongation of life-span. No significant difference in incidence of gonadotroph nodules was demonstrated among the four groups. Six lactotroph adenomas, a thyrotroph nodule, and a mixed thyrotroph and lactotroph nodule were also noted in aging rats (30 months or older). In extranodular adenohypophyses, variable numbers of hyperactive gonadotrophs histologically similar to those in gonadotroph nodules were observed in almost all rats including 6-month rats, suggesting that gonadotrophs were continuously hyperactive during their lifetime from an early stage. The mechanism accounting for the development of gonadotroph nodules remain to be established. It can be concluded that food restriction and germ-free status may have a retarding effect but no preventative role in the development of gonadotroph nodules, which are the most common age-associated pituitary lesions of male Lobund-Wistar rats.
The influence of tooth fractures on growth of rat incisors was examined with soft X-ray radiography, xeroradiography and microradiography. Thirty young rats were used in this study and experimental fractures were produced on the mandibular left incisors. Radiological observations were carried out immediately, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after fracturing. The soft X-ray radiograms obtained immediately after fracturing showed clear radiolucent images. The radiopacity of the fractured regions gradually increased from the 7th day. Enamel hypoplasia was observed from the 7th day, and it moved towards the edge of the incisors with the growth of the fractured teeth. The xeroradiograms obtained at each term demonstrated as same findings as those obtained with soft X-ray radiography. The microradiograms obtained immediately after fracturing showed no noteworthy findings except for the clear radiolucent area of the fractured regions. Fine radiopaque lines along the edges of fractured regions were observed from the 7th day. Dentin-like radiopaque calcified masses were observed from the 14th day.
Pituitary morphology was studied in 49 autopsied patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Direct infectious involvement was noted in six adenohypophyses (12%), including five cases by cytomegalovirus and one by Pneumocystis carinii. Two cases with neurohypophysial lesions presumably caused by cytomegalovirus and one questionable case of Toxoplasma gondii were also observed. In all instances these changes were associated with generalized and/or cerebral infection by these same agents. Neither Kaposi's sarcoma nor malignant lymphoma was encountered in the pituitary glands. Acute necrotic foci, presumably due to infarction, were noted in four cases. Four pituitary microadenomas (8%) and four hyperplastic nodules were identified. The incidence of such noninfectious lesions, as well as the prevalence and distribution of the various immunoreactive adenohypophysial cell types, were similar to those seen in the pituitary glands of age-matched male control patients.
The patient was a 43-year-old woman, who had undergone a right middle and lower lobectomy for adenocarcinoma of the lung. An esophagobronchopleural fistula developed two months after the operation. It was treated by a combined procedure consisting of pedicle flap closure of the fistula and thoracoplasty. The esophagobronchopleural fistula recurred two days later, however, and another pedicle flap closure with fenestration of the chest wall were performed in a third operation. A bronchopleural fistula then recurred, after which it was treated by conservative therapy including intravenous hyperalimentation, frequent dressing changes and systemic administration of appropriate antibiotics. It closed spontaneously 23 days after surgery, in spite of this being a very rare but serious complication very difficult to treat and cure. From our experience with this particular case, we recommend, for treating esophagobronchopleural fistulas, proper drainage, antibiotic therapy, intravenous hyperalimentation and packing of the empyema space, together with closure of the fistula using a muscle or pleural flap.
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UNLABELLED: In the present study, the accuracy of Doppler estimates of pressure gradients in various types of stenoses was clinically and experimentally evaluated. Fifty-seven patients, including 23 with ventricular septal defect, 15 with aortic or pulmonary valvular stenosis, four with infundibular stenosis, and five with supravalvular aortic or pulmonary stenosis were observed. The peak systolic pressure gradient (dP (C] was obtained at the time of catheterization in all patients. Before catheterization, the maximum velocity was measured by pulsed or continuous Doppler echocardiography and the estimated systolic pressure gradient according to Doppler (dP (D] was calculated by the simplified Bernoulli equation. The experimental model was designed to create pulsatile flow through a stenosis model. Nine different stenotic model types were used, including three orifice-like stenoses and six truncated cones with heights of 10 mm and 20 mm distal to the stenosis. The orifices in their stenoses were 3, 4 and 5 mm, respectively. Glycerin solution containing Sephadex with a viscosity similar to that of blood was used as the circulation medium. Its specific gravity was 1.16 g/cm3. In each stenotic model, the maximum velocity and instantaneous systolic peak pressure gradient were measured at various water flow rates. CLINICAL RESULTS: In patients with ventricular septal defect or valvular stenosis, dP (D) correlated very well to dP (C), with the regression equation, y = 0.87x + 2.79 (r = 0.92) or y = 0.96x + 1.02 (r = 0.99). In the other patients except for three with patent ductus arteriosus, dP (D) overestimated dP (C) by 11 to 71 mmHg, and their post-stenotic areas had gradually widened according to angiographic findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)