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Biomedical subjects

T Sano

Publications and source records attributed to T Sano.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Early gastric stump cancer following distal gastrectomy.

BACKGROUND: Gastric stump cancer (GSC) is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, and consequently the prognosis is poor. AIMS: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of GSC at an early stage to assist in its identification, and thereby improve its prognosis. METHODS: Forty three patients with resected early GSC were compared with 156 patients with resected primary early cancer in the upper third of the stomach. RESULTS: Sixty five per cent (28/43) of the early GSC patients showed the elevated type endoscopically, although the frequency of the depressed type in GSC has tended to increase in the past five years. This occurred in less than 26% (40/156) of the primary early cancers. Half of the early GSCs were located on the lesser curvature (47%), and revealed differentiated adenocarcinoma (81%) histologically. The male:female ratio of early GSC cases was about 6:1, which was much higher than that in patients with primary early cancer. The five year survival rates of patients with early GSCs and early primary cancers were 84% and 95%, respectively. GSC had a favourable prognosis, if it was detected at an early stage. CONCLUSION: To detect early GSC, our results suggest that special attention should be given to elevated as well as depressed lesions on the lesser curvature of the stomach, particularly in men, during endoscopic examinations.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Interleukin-12 inhibits production of interleukin-5 but not of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor by antigen-stimulated blood mononuclear cells in allergic bronchial asthmatics.

Bronchial asthma, characterized by eosinophilic inflammation in airways, may involve Th2-type cytokines such as interleukin-5 (IL-5). IL-12, a newly established cytokine, induces IFN-gamma production, which may have a regulatory effect on the production of Th2-type cytokines. We examined the effects of IL-12 on the productions of IL-5 and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by antigen (Dermatophagoides farinae, Df)-stimulated mononuclear cells (MNCs) from asthmatic patients in vitro. IL-12 enhanced IFN-gamma production and inhibited the production of IL-5 but not of GM-CSF by Df-stimulated MNCs from asthmatic patients. Exogenous IFN-gamma directly inhibited IL-5 production by Df-stimulated MNCs and the inhibition of IL-5 production by IL-12 was partially blocked by anti-IFN-gamma antibody in culture, indicating that inhibitory effect of IL-12 on IL-5 production by antigen-stimulated MNCs is partially dependent on IFN-gamma production. IL-12 also inhibited the release of eosinophil survival-stimulating factor from MNCs. These results indicate that IL-12 may be therapeutically beneficial in correcting Th1/Th2 imbalance in bronchial asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Neurological effects of glufosinate poisoning with a brief review.

Herbicides containing glufosinate ammonium are widely used in many countries including Japan. Many Japanese cases of accidental and suicidal poisoning by glufosinate have been reported since 1989. We report a case of a 64-year old man who ingested glufosinate in an attempted suicide. The patient suffered mental disturbances and hematological changes together with gastrointestinal effects shortly after ingesting the poison, and later developed generalized convulsions, impaired respiration and circulatory failure. During recovery he exhibited loss of short-term memory (retrograde and anterograde amnesia). Neurotoxicity is a characteristic of glufosinate poisoning, although the mechanism is not clear. From the analysis of clinical symptoms of previously published cases, glufosinate toxicity appears to arise both from the active ingredient and the surfactant in the formulation.

Aminobutyrates↗
PubMed1998

Analysis of loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 11 and infrequent inactivation of the MEN1 gene in sporadic pituitary adenomas.

To investigate the role of tumor suppressor genes in sporadic pituitary adenomas, we first analyzed loss of heterozygosity on 11q13 with microsatellite analysis in 31 tumors. Loss of heterozygosity on 11q13 was detected in 1 mixed GH/PRL adenoma, and the somatic 22-bp deletion of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene encoding menin was detected in this tumor. Trisomy 11 suggested by the decreased mean allelic ratios of 66% or 65% for 16 or 13 microsatellite markers, respectively, in 2 of 31 pituitary adenomas was confirmed by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization. Screening for mutations of the MEN1 gene did not find mutations with PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis in other pituitary adenomas retaining heterozygosity on 11q13. Based on these, it is concluded that inactivation of the MEN1 gene comprises a rare etiology for tumorigenesis of the pituitary gland, and that trisomy 11 or another gene(s) may contribute to the pathogenesis of sporadic pituitary adenomas.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1998

Periosteal ganglion of the radius: a case report.

We report a case of 43-year-old female with a periosteal ganglion arising in the right radius. Plain radiographs showed thick and sparse spicula with shallow and irregular cortical erosion, which suggested periosteal ganglion. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a well circumscribed homogeneous lesion with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. No apparent enhancement observed after gadolinium injection suggested that the lesion was cystic. At operation, gelatinous material was removed together with the spicula, the surface of the cortex and the overlying periosteum. There was no clinical evidence of recurrence after three years of surgical treatment. MR imaging was thought to be useful to confirm the diagnosis of periosteal ganglion.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Islet cell tumor in von Hippel-Lindau disease.

We describe a 42-year-old man with von Hippel-Lindau disease and islet cell tumor of the pancreas. He had retinal and cerebellar hemangioblastomas. His sister had pheochromocytoma. A pancreatic tumor was detected by ultrasonography at his periodical medical checkup. Contrast enhanced computed tomography and abdominal angiography revealed a hypervascular tumor in the pancreatic head. Histological examination of the resected tumor revealed characteristics of islet cell tumor of the pancreas, which was positive for chromogranin-A, S-100 protein, and pancreatic polypeptide, but was negative for insulin, gastrin, glucagon, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, serotonin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1998

An autopsy case of cytokeratin 7-positive minute adenocarcinoma of the lung with systemic metastases.

We describe a 60-year-old woman with leg pain. Although metastatic bone tumor and atypical cells mimicking signet-ring cells in the bone marrow picture were observed, systemic survey revealed no primary lesion. The patient died two months after admission from systemic progress of the disease. Autopsy revealed a small focus of adenocarcinoma within the right upper lobe of the lung and systemic metastases without any particular changes in the gastrointestinal tract. The tumor cells of the lung were diffusely positive for cytokeratin 7, whereas cytokeratin 20 immunoreactivity was weak and focal, and that supported the lung origin of the present tumor. Moreover, the tumor cells in the bone marrow showed a similar pattern in immunoreactivity. These findings suggest that cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 20 immunoreactivity is helpful for the premortem diagnosis of the metastatic tumor of unknown origin.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1998

[Prevalence of affective disorders on the basis of DSM-III among the elderly in a rural community in Japan].

The prevalence rates of affective disorders among the elderly in a rural community according to the criteria of the third edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders were investigated. The survey used a two-phase method which combined a self-administered depression scale and diagnostic interviews by psychiatrists. The subjects were all 766 persons aged 65 years or older in a rural village in Japan. In the first phase, 698 persons completed a self-administered scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D). In the second phase, 83 persons scoring 12 points or more on the CES-D and an additional 8 persons who, for unknown reason, did not respond to the CES-D were assessed by psychiatrists using a modified version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. The subjects' physical health and life events, the presence of dementia, and other factors were taken into account when diagnoses were made. The point prevalence rates of depression without dementia as a comorbid condition by category were as follows: major depression, 0.5%; dysthymic disorder, 0.3%; and atypical depression, 0.4%. The point prevalence rates of depression with dementia as a comorbid condition were as follows: major depression, 0.7%; dysthymic disorder, 0.4%; and atypical depression, 0.4%. Major depression was more prevalent in women than in men and was more prevalent in persons aged 75 years of older than in younger subjects.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[International perspectives on the treatment of gastric cancer].

Our experience of treatment of gastric cancer in European and developing countries suggested the necessity of the establishment of both operative and chemotherapeutic modalities. These modalities should be first based on theoretically convincing data and secondarily well analyzed from the viewpoint of cost-effectiveness.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1998

In situ hybridization with biotinylated tyramide amplification: detection of human papillomavirus DNA in cervical neoplastic lesions.

A novel peroxidase-mediated amplification system, which is based on the deposition of biotinylated tyramide (BT) molecules, was recently described for immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH). We report here a highly sensitive ISH system combined with a microwave prehybridization treatment and BT enhancement after hybridization. Our ISH with BT amplification can detect human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 DNA signals in the fixed SiHa cell, suggesting the ability to detect single or few copies of HPV DNA. To confirm its diagnostic usefulness, we used our ISH with BT amplification to detect HPV 16 DNA in 81 cases of cervical neoplastic lesions, which had been used for routine pathologic diagnosis. Of 81 tumors, 47 (58%) showed HPV 16 DNA, of which 29 and 18 were cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CINs) and invasive cancers, respectively. In almost all of the invasive cancers positive for HPV 16 DNA, ISH revealed a basic dot signal pattern in the nuclei, suggesting that HPV DNA integrated into tumor cell DNA. On the other hand, low-grade CINs displayed a diffuse, mainly episomal, signal pattern, which decreased in frequency with increased grade of CIN. Our ISH with BT amplification is highly sensitive and can be used to detect various genes and their expressions.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed1998

Collagenous fibroma (desmoplastic fibroblastoma): report of four cases and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Collagenous fibroma (desmoplastic fibroblastoma) is poorly recognized and may be mistaken for other benign or even malignant spindle-cell tumors of soft tissue because of the small number of reported cases. DESIGN: Collagenous fibromas resected from four adult women were studied histologically and immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The tumors were well-circumscribed firm masses, measuring from 1.0 to 13.8 cm (mean, 5.5 cm) across the greatest diameter, located in the subcutaneous or deep soft tissue of the shoulder, thigh, back, and neck. Each of the tumors was characterized by a paucicellular lesion with spindle- and stellate-shaped fibroblastic cells embedded in a hypovascular, densely fibrous stroma. Mitotic figures and necrosis were not identified. One tumor contained dystrophic calcification and metaplastic bone, and another included small foci of floretlike multinucleated giant cells. Although appearing well demarcated on gross examination, one tumor focally infiltrated the surrounding skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. On immunohistochemical examination, all of the tumors were diffusely positive for vimentin. One tumor showed focal staining for alpha-smooth muscle actin, and another was partially positive for desmin, a staining profile that is typical of myofibroblasts. No tumor recurred during the follow-up periods of 67 to 108 months (mean, 93 months). CONCLUSION: Collagenous fibroma may be a distinctive fibrous soft-tissue tumor with benign biological behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Influences of trabeculectomy combined with the use of mitomycin C on corneal endothelial cells].

We used a specular microscope to evaluate the corneal endothelial cells in 119 eyes before and 2 to 3 weeks after trabeculectomy with topical mitomycin C. The endothelial cell density per square millimeter averaged 2,569 +/- 487 (mean +/- standard deviation) before surgery and 2,444 +/- 536 after surgery, showing a decrease of 4.98%. The hexagonality decreased by 1.7%, the coefficient of variation increased by 1.9, and the average cell area increased by 6.82%. There were no statistical differences as a whole in these values. Decrease in hexagonality was more frequent in eyes with prior intraocular or glaucoma surgery. Eyes treated by laser trabeculoplasty showed a decrease in endothelial cell density, an increase in coefficient of variation and an increase in hexagonality. Eyes with postoperative flat anterior chamber showed significant changes in each parameter. The findings show that trabeculectomy with topical mitomycin C does not significantly affect the corneal endothelial cells at 2 to 3 weeks after surgery.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1998

[Differences between Japan and the west in treatment strategy for gastrointestinal cancer--gastric cancer].

Diagnosis, staging, and treatment strategies for gastric cancer were reviewed with regard to differences between Japan and the West. In Japan, detection of early gastric cancer is common due to mass screening and widespread use of endoscopy. Treatment options for gastric cancer vary from endoscopic mucosal resection to the super-extended lymphadenectomy. Correct selection from the available options requires meticulous staging including endoscopy with indigocarmine spray, double contrast barium meal study, endoscopic ultrasonography, CT, abdominal ultrasound, and sometimes barium enema to detect possible peritoneal seeding. Western gastric cancer patients are, on average, 10 years older, more obese, have more cardiopulmonary disease, and more advanced tumors than Japanese patients. Because of the high proportion of patients with extensive disease at presentation in the West, laparoscopic staging is frequently used to avoid non-curative surgery. In Japan, D2 lymphadenectomy is the standard, and now a more extended surgery (D4) is being evaluated in a randomized controlled study, while D2 lymphadenectomy has been reported to be associated with high morbidity and mortality in European studies. Adjuvant chemotherapy is more commonly used in Japan, mostly with oral fluorouracil. However, no regimen has been shown effective in the adjuvant setting in either Japanese and Western studies.

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant↗
PubMed1998

Lateral retropharyngeal node metastasis from carcinoma of the upper gingiva and maxillary sinus.

Clinically unsuspected metastases to the lateral retropharyngeal nodes from carcinomas of the upper gingiva or maxillary sinus were found in five patients on follow-up CT examinations. Such uncommon metastases may follow the afferent lymphatic channels from the palate or pharyngeal region or arrive by retrograde lymphatics from positive neck nodes. Careful examination of lateral retropharyngeal nodes may be required in cancers of these primary sites.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[TNM classification: cancer of the stomach].

The 5th edition of TNM Classification was published by the UICC (International Union Against Cancer) in 1997. In the classification of gastric cancer, anatomical subsites and N category were newly published. The new classification and role of the Japanese TNM Joint Committee were described in this paper. The Japanese committee had strongly advocated to continue "the anatomical N classification", because the hazard ratios were more significant for prognosis of patients with gastric cancer, and had many reasonable and scientific advantages. However, the UICC introduced "a new N classification by number of metastatic lymph nodes" because of the difficulty in studying nodes by anatomical classification. The new TNM can not be considered an improved classification, and so we are looking for a more scientific, practical, and internationally acceptable classification.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

[Value of paraaortic lymphadenectomy for gallbladder carcinoma].

Seven reports of paraaortic lymphadenectomy for advanced carcinoma of the gallbladder were reviewed and positive paraaortic nodes were found in 20-40% of the resected patients and 10-15% of those with subserosal cancer invasion. The rate of patients with positive paraaortic nodes/all patients with positive nodes was 30-50%. Paraaortic lymphadenectomy did not improve the surgical outcome, and most of the patients with positive paraaortic nodes died within 1 year even after aggressive surgery with extensive lymph node dissection. Therefore it is important to clarify the value of paraaortic lymph node dissection for patients with possibly positive paraaortic node metastasis and those with histologically positive nodes excluding the paraaortic area. Although pancreatoduodenectomy for prophylactic lymphadenectomy around the head of the pancreas has been carried out in some institutions, the procedure does not seem to be effective because the main lymphatic route from the gallbladder has a direct connection with the paraaortic nodes via the pericholedochal, periportal, and/or the posterior nodes along the common hepatic artery. The present authors recommend a D2 plus paraaortic lymph node dissection (ext D2) as a standard surgical strategy for carcinoma of the gallbladder.

Aorta↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical evaluation of irinotecan combined with cisplatin by divided administration in patients with untreated primary non-small cell lung cancer].

The efficacy and safety of irinotecan (CPT-11) combined with cisplatin (CDDP) were assessed in 24 previously untreated patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer. CPT-11 (60 mg/m2) and CDDP (30 mg/m2) were administered in combination at weekly intervals, on days 1.8, and 15 of the treatment course. During treatment, the patients were evaluated for adverse drug reactions and response. The response rate was 58.3% for all patients and 60.9% for the patients who completed the full treatment course. The median survival time was 13.0 months. The major adverse reactions were myelosuppression and gastro-intestinal disorders, but no treatment-related deaths were observed. Myelosuppressions included grade 3 or 4 leukopenia (25.0%) and anemia (33.3%). Grade 3 and higher gastro-intestinal reactions included nausea and vomiting (8.3%), diarrhea (12.5%), and anorexia (16.7%). These results suggest that combined weekly CPT-11 and CDDP therapy is capable of achieving a favorable tumor response with less toxicity, and thus worth consideration as a treatment option. Given that only 33.3% of the patients finished the full treatment course, further study should be devoted to the subject of CDDP and/or CPT-11 dosages.

Adult↗