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Biomedical subjects

T Sakurada

Publications and source records attributed to T Sakurada.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[A case of total arch graft replacement for distal aortic arch aneurysm developed around the site of graft patch aortoplasty].

A 65-year-old male underwent graft patch aortoplasty for a sacciform aneurysm of the distal aortic arch. Three years later an aneurysm developed around the site of the graft patch aortoplasty, therefore total arch graft replacement was required. The operation was performed through median sternotomy and left supraclavicular incision. The ascending aorta was selected for the aortic perfusion site, avoiding thromboembolism. Selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) was employed to protect the brain. Open distal anastomosis with circulatory arrest offered the optimal operating field despite re-operation. Graft replacement or graft patch aortoplasty has been proposed for the treatment of sacciform aneurysm. However, there is a possibility of aneurysmal change around the site of resected aneurysm. Furthermore because of the development of surgical skill and extracorporeal circulation technique, total arch graft replacement should be considered for the surgical treatment of distal aortic arch aneurysm.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Involvement of opioid receptors in the antinociception produced by intracerebroventricularly administered spantide in mice.

The antinociceptive effect of intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered [D-Arg1, D-Trp7,9, Leu11]-substance P (spantide), a non-selective tachykinin antagonist, was examined using the mouse formalin test. Licking behaviour induced by 2% formalin solution in the hindpaw of mice had two peaks, 0-5 min (first phase) and 10-30 min (second phase). I.c.v. spantide produced a dose-dependent antinociception during the first and second phases. The ID50 values were 2.95 (1.59-5.46) nmol for the first phase and 2.87 (1.49-5.52) nmol for the second phase. The antinociceptive effect in the first phase, but not in the second phase produced by spantide was antagonized by pretreatment with naloxone (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.), an opioid receptor antagonist. An opioid binding study using [3H]naloxone revealed that spantide was able to inhibit [3H]naloxone binding to mouse brain membrane preparations. These results suggest that opioid receptor systems in the mouse brain are involved in spantide-induced antinociception during the first phase, but not during the second phase of the formalin-induced nociceptive behaviour.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Anosmia following head trauma: preliminary study of steroid treatment.

Twenty patients with post-traumatic anosmia were subjected to olfactory function testing, including olfactory acuity tests using a T & T olfactometer and an intravenous olfaction test. T & T tests revealed complete loss in 14 patients. In the intravenous olfaction test, 14 patients showed no response and 5 patients showed abnormal responses. The severity of olfactory dysfunction showed no correlation with background factors such as the site of head trauma, the presence of the fracture of skull, the presence of unconsciousness, or the presence of head operation. As a preliminary study, seventeen patients were administered a corticosteroid, a topical nasal drop of 0.1% betamethasone for 12 patients and an oral administration of prednisolone for 5 patients. Four patients showed slight recovery of olfactory function following a corticosteroid therapy. Effects of corticosteroids on olfaction might be explained by regeneration of olfactory receptor cell axons and reestablishment of contact with cells in the olfactory bulb.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1995

[A case of bronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma in a 7-year-old girl].

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lung presenting in childhood is extremely uncommon. A 7-year-old girl was referred to our hospital with complaint of persistent cough and abnormal shadow on the chest roentgenogram. Bronchoscopic biopsy revealed a bronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma and a left pneumonectomy was performed. The histopathological examination revealed intermediate grade malignancy without any metastasis in mediastinal lymph nodes. She is now doing well without any evidence of recurrence 2 years after the operation.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1995

[Coronary artery-to-pulmonary artery fistula with aneurysm: two cases report].

We performed the operation for coronary artery-to-pulmonary artery fistula with aneurysm in two patients. The coronary angiograms of one patient, who was a 63-year-old female, revealed coronary artery-to-pulmonary artery fistula originated from the left coronary artery with 3 aneurysms of 2 cm in diameter, respectively. The angiogram of another patient, who was a 77-year-old female, revealed coronary artery-to-pulmonary artery fistula originated from both coronary arteries with the giant aneurysm of 7 cm in diameter. We decided to operate by the reason of possibility of rupture of the aneurysms, and performed resection of the fistulas and the aneurysms with the closure of the drainage openings into the pulmonary artery with the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass. It was recommended to resect the coronary aneurysm before growing big in the patient with the coronary artery-to-pulmonary artery fistula.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[A case of pulmonary tuberculoma with pneumoconiosis (graphite lung) that appeared to be lung cancer].

We report a rare case of tuberculoma with pneumoconiosis (Graphite lung). A 62-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for diagnosis of a rapidly growing coin lesion in the right lung (S8). He had worked for 42 years in a foundry and given a diagnosis of pneumoconiosis (Graphite lung). Because transbronchial lung biopsy and percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy were not diagnostic, the right lower lobe was partially resected. Histological examination revealed the presence of caseous necrosis in a solitary mass. Therefore, it is important to consider tuberculoma in the differential diagnosis of a coin lesion in patients with pneumoconiosis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1995

Efficacy of systemic corticosteroid treatment for anosmia with nasal and paranasal sinus disease.

Systemic administration of corticosteroids was attempted in the treatment of olfactory loss resistant to topical corticosteroid treatment in patients with nasal and paranasal disease and post-upper respiratory infection. Significant efficacy was achieved with a short course of high-dose oral corticosteroids in patients with non-allergic sinus disease. On the other hand, anosmia induced by upper respiratory infection failed to respond to systemic corticosteroid treatment, suggesting permanent damage to the olfactory receptor cell. The underlying mechanism of effectiveness observed in patients with sinus disease may be explained by improvement of the mucosal thickening of the olfactory fissure, leading to the access of an odorant to the olfactory neuroepithelium.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of antagonistic effects of sendide and CP-96,345 on a spinally mediated behavioural response in mice.

Intrathecal administration of the tachykinin NK1 receptor agonists, substance P, physalaemin, septide and [Sar9, Met(O2)11]substance P, elicited a characteristic behavioural response consisting of scratching, biting and licking in mice. The behavioural response induced by substance P was significantly inhibited by simultaneous intrathecal injection of a tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist, [Tyr6,D-Phe7,D-His9]substance P-(6-11) (sendide), and a non-peptide antagonist, [(2S,3S)-cis-2-(di-phenylmethyl)-N-[(2- methoxyphenyl)-methyl]-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-amine](CP-96,345). The duration of the antagonistic effect of sendide was similar to that of CP-96,345. The antagonistic effect of sendide on the response induced by tachykinin NK1 receptor agonists was approximately 1000 times more potent than that of CP-96,345. Neither antagonist inhibited neurokinin A-, D-septide-, neurokinin B- and eledoisin-induced scratching, biting and licking responses. Sendide was without effect on motor performance as measured by the rotarod test, while motor incoordination was elicited only 2 min after intrathecal injection of CP-96,345. These results indicate that sendide and CP-96,345 are selective antagonists of tachykinin NK1 receptors with a long duration of action.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1994

Differential antinociceptive effects of sendide, a NK1-receptor antagonist, and morphine in the capsaicin test.

The peptide NK1-receptor antagonists, sendide and [D-Trp7]sendide, have been evaluated for antinociceptive activity in the capsaicin test. Both peptides, injected intrathecally (i.t.) 5 min prior to intraplantar capsaicin, produced a dose-dependent reduction of the capsaicin-induced paw licking response. Naloxone (4.0 mg/kg) pretreatment did not affect sendide- and [D-Trp7]sendide-induced antinociception, whereas naloxone at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg antagonized the antinociceptive effect of i.t. administered morphine. Conversely, the antinociceptive action induced by both NK1-receptor antagonists was reduced significantly by i.t. co-administration of substance P. Morphine-induced antinociception was not antagonized by co-administration of substance P. These results led us to the understanding of differential action mechanism of NK1-receptor antagonist- and morphine-induced antinociception as assayed by the capsaicin test.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1994

Behavioral activation of neurokinin-1 agonists in relation to enzymatic degradation in the spinal cord.

Intrathecal (i.t.) injection of substance P (SP) induced reciprocal hindlimb scratching directed mainly toward the abdominal regions in mice. This behavior pattern appeared within the first minute after i.t. injection of SP. Similar behavioral effects were produced by i.t. injection of neurokinin (NK)-1 agonists, physalaemin (Phy) and [Sar9,Met(O2)11] SP (Sar-SP). The duration of scratching varied among NK-1 agonists; of the NK-1 agonists used, Phy had the most long-lasting duration of scratching in contrast to SP that had a short duration. The rank order of scratching duration was Phy > Sar-SP > SP. SP was rapidly degraded by the solubilized enzyme extracted from the mouse spinal cord as determined by HPLC. Decay of the scratching response to these NK-1 agonists was parallel with the rate of their degradation by the solubilized enzyme. These results suggest that a relatively long-lasting scratching behavior induced by Phy is mainly attributed to the stability against peptidases in the spinal cord.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Pharmacological characterisation of NK1 receptor antagonist, [D-Trp7]sendide, on behaviour elicited by substance P in the mouse.

An analogue of sendide, [D-Trp7]sendide, was newly synthetized and evaluated as a putative NK1 receptor antagonist in a mouse behavioural test. Effects of [D-Trp7]sendide on the scratching, biting and licking response induced by substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NK A) and neurokinin B (NK B) was studied after intrathecal injections. When administered simultaneously with SP, an endogenous agonist for NK1 receptors, [D-Trp7]sendide inhibited the behavioural response to this tachykinin in a dose-dependent manner with ID50 value of 11.0 pmol/mouse. The behavioural response elicited by other NK1 receptor agonists, septide and physalaemin, was reduced significantly by a small dose (32.0 pmol) of [D-Trp7]sendide. Large doses (nmol order) of [D-Trp7]sendide were needed to reduce the characteristic behaviour of NK A, an NK2 agonist, NK B, an NK3 agonist and eledoisin, an NK2/NK3 agonist. The duration of the antagonistic effect of [D-Trp7]sendide was relatively longer. In a [3H]labeled SP binding assay using mouse spinal cord membranes, [D-Trp7]sendide potently displaced [3H] labeled SP binding with a Ki value of 0.023 +/- 0.007 nM, which was approximately 140 and 9400 times more potent than that of unlabeled SP and CP-96,345, respectively. These findings suggest that [D-Trp7]sendide interacts selectively with the NK1 receptor in the mouse spinal cord as assayed by the receptor binding and SP-induced behavioural tests.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Long-term results of primary closure for ventricular septal defects in the first year of life.

The long-term results of primary closure for large ventricular septal defects (VSDs) in infants under 1 year of age with severe symptoms were studied over a period of more than 10 years. Between January, 1971 and March, 1982, 49 infants underwent primary closure of a VSD through a right ventriculotomy using complete cardiopulmonary bypass with mild hypothermia. There were four hospital deaths but no late deaths. Two of four infants with residual shunts had a left ventricular-right atrial shunt which necessitated reoperation. Surgical heart block occurred in two infants who recovered sinus rhythm in the late period. The cardiothoracic ratio decreased from 60.5% preoperatively to 50.6% in the late postoperative period. Examination by cardiac catheterization revealed that the pulmonary-to-systemic pressure ratio (Pp/Ps) of 23 patients with a Pp/Ps of over 0.75 fell from 0.89 +/- 0.09 preoperatively to 0.42 +/- 0.12 by 1 month postoperatively, then to 0.27 +/- 0.05 in the late postoperative period. The latest values for the cardiac index and left ventricular ejection fraction were 3.4 l/min per m2 and 64.4%, respectively. More than 10 years after their operation, all the survivors were growing normally and maintaining a good quality of life, which supports our recommendation that primary repair should be performed in the first year of life for infants with large VSDs.

Bundle-Branch Block↗
PubMed1994

Effects of an acute water load on plasma ANP and AVP, and renal water handling in hypothyroidism: comparison of before and after L-thyroxine treatment.

To assess whether atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) participate in impaired water excretion in patients with hypothyroid states (HS), an oral acute water loading (WL) test (20 ml/kg.BW/45 min) was performed before and after L-thyroxine (T4) treatment in 5 hypothyroid patients. Plasma ANP, AVP, osmolality (Posm), total protein and renal water excretion were simultaneously determined, and these data were compared to the data from five normal subjects (NS). The impaired water excretion rate in HS was entirely improved in the euthyroid states (ES) after T4 therapy for at least 7 months. Plasma ANP in HS was lower than that in NS (5.9 +/- 0.9 vs. 16.5 +/- 3.6 pmol/L, P < 0.05), but increased after T4 treatment (21.2 +/- 5.7 pmol/L, P < 0.05). Plasma AVP in HS (1.6 +/- 0.5 pmol/L) showed a tendency to be lower than those in ES and NS (2.9 +/- 0.4 and 2.9 +/- 0.7 pmol/L), but did not respond to a fall in Posm after WL, unlike ES and NS. Significant positive correlations were noticed between Posm and plasma AVP in ES and NS, but not in HS. These results suggest that not only the impaired release and/or metabolisms of AVP and ANP, but also derangement of renal water and electrolytes handling might induce attenuation of CH2O formation in hypothyroid states.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Histological study of the parotid gland in rats treated with oxybutynin hydrochloride.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether oxybutynin hydrochloride (OBHC) induces histological changes in the parotid gland. Thirty male rats were divided into three groups, young (8 weeks), middle-aged (20 weeks) and old (113 weeks). Six rats in each group were given a diet containing OBHC mixed with the standard food. Four rats in each group had free access to standard food as a control. Eight weeks after dieting, all animals were sacrificed and removed their parotid gland. Degeneration, dispersion of basophilic material and transformation of nuclear shape in the acinar cells and atrophy of duct cells were observed in 5 young, 2 middle aged and 6 old rats. There were no appreciable histological changes in young and middle-aged control rats, although an aged-related effect of OBHC was seen in older control animals. These results indicate that chronic treatment with OBHC produces significant effects of aging on histological changes in the parotid gland of rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

[Adjunctive methods for surgery of descending thoracic aortic aneurysm].

During the last 6 years, we employed partial extracorporeal circulation (PEC) in 7 cases and left heart bypass (LHB) in 9 cases as adjunctive methods for surgery of descending thoracic aortic aneurysm. During the aortic clamping, systemic heparinization was performed to keep an ACT more than 400 seconds in a PEC group, while it was kept from 200 to 250 seconds in LHB group. The bypass flow was controlled to maintain the distal arterial pressure over 50 mmHg in both groups. Hemodynamics during the aortic clamping were stable in both groups and significant differences were not found between them. However, ventricular fibrillation occurred in one case of LHB group, who suffered from coronary artery disease, and required subsequent PEC to maintain systemic circulation. Both PEC and LHB provided adequate intraoperative hemodynamics and postoperative serum biochemistries. But we preferred to adopt PEC to maintain the diatal perfusion in cases with heart disease, who are likely to develop circulatory deterioration under the aortic clamping.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Mitral valve aneurysm in a patient with mitral regurgitation: a case report].

A 66-year-old man admitted to our hospital complaining of severe dyspnea. Echocardiography demonstrated severe mitral regurgitation and an abnormal echo at the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. It was a persistent bulge that protruded toward the left atrium throughout systole and diastole. Left ventriculography also demonstrated the same abnormal shadow of the mitral valve. At the operation, it was seen that two of the chordae tendineae of the anterior leaflet had ruptured and a small aneurysm, approximately 10 mm in length, originated from the lateral part of the leaflet. The aneurysm protruded into the left atrium and had neither rupture nor perforation. Because the aneurysm of the mitral valve was too large to resect and repair the valve, it was replaced with St. Jude Medical Valve (29 M). IABP was needed at the weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, but he recovered gradually well afterwards. The excised anterior leaflet showed myxomatous degeneration, but had no vegetation and rheumatic change. Microscopic examination of the valve aslo revealed myxomatous degeneration and no signs of the inflammation.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Antinociceptive effects in the formalin and capsaicin tests after intrathecal administration of substance P analogues in mice.

The antinociceptive effect of substance P- and substance P-(6-11) analogues containing D-histidine (D-His) in position 9 was examined in mice in the formalin and capsaicin tests. [D-Arg1,D-Trp7,9,Leu11]substance P (spantide) was used as reference drug. Intrathecal injections of the [D-His9]substance P and substance P-(6-11) analogues at 4.0 nmol resulted in no significant antinociception as measured in the 2.0% formalin test, although spantide was antinociceptive in the early and late phases. The early response induced by 0.0625% formalin was reduced significantly by the [D-His9]substance P and substance P-(6-11) analogues at 4.0 nmol, which were less potent than spantide. The antinociception induced by spantide and a few analogues of substance P and substance P-(6-11) containing D-His was reversed significantly by pretreatment with 2 mg/kg naloxone, an opioid antagonist. The nociceptive response to capsaicin was inhibited significantly by lower doses (2.0 nmol) of the analogues. The antinociception evoked by the analogues was not reversed by naloxone in the capsaicin test. Co-injection of the [D-His9]substance P and substance P-(6-11) analogues at 2.0 nmol selectively decreased substance P-induced licking, biting and scratching without affecting the behavioural responses to NK2 and NK3 receptor agonists. Spantide non-selectively inhibited the behavioural responses produced by not only substance P, but also neurokinin A, D-septide, neurokinin B and eledoisin. The data show that the capsaicin test may be a better method for evaluating neurokinin antagonists than the formalin test.

Analgesics↗