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Biomedical subjects

T Sakaguchi

Publications and source records attributed to T Sakaguchi.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Endogenous endotoxemia after massive hepatectomy and portal vein stenosis: beneficial effect of a prostaglandin I2 analogue on intestinal permeability.

Portal vein (PV) stenosis may contribute to operative death after extended hepatectomy combined with PV reconstruction leading to impairment of the intestinal mucosal barrier. This study was designed to investigate whether rats undergoing such surgery developed endogenous endotoxemia and increased intestinal permeability. The effect of a prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) analogue on mucosal barrier function was also studied. The rats were divided into the following five groups: sham operation, massive hepatectomy (Ht), PV stenosis (PS), combined Ht and PS (Ht+PS), and Ht+PS with subcutaneous injection of PGI2 preoperatively (PG). The 10-day survival rate, portal endotoxin level and intestinal permeability (two-sugar test) were evaluated in each group. The Ht+PS group showed a significant increase in both the portal endotoxin level and intestinal permeability (p < 0.05) and a significant worse 10-day survival (p < 0.01) than the other four groups. PGI2 pretreatment did not influence splanchnic blood flow, but decreased the endotoxin level and reduced intestinal permeability. In conclusion, the synergistic effect of massive hepatectomy and PV stenosis induced an increased intestinal permeability and consequently endotoxemia. PGI2 pretreatment significantly improved both intestinal barrier function and survival.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[The changes of complement activities in sera of mice after subcutaneous administration of beryllium chloride].

We studied changes of the complement pathway activities and the content of C3 in sera of mice, administered BeCl2 (containing 5 micrograms of Be per mouse) or CuCl2 (containing 5 micrograms of Cu per mouse) by a single subcutaneous injection. The value of the classical complement pathway activity (CH50) of the Be group 3 days after administration was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.001). It was significantly lower than in the control group after 7 days (P < 0.001). On the other hand, the CH50 value of the Cu group 3 hr after administration tended to increase, however, it was significantly lower than in the control group after 7 days (P < 0.01). The change of the alternative complement pathway activity (ACH50) value of the Be group was similar to the change of the CH50 value of the group. The ACH50 value of the Cu group 3 days after administration tended to increase but it was the same as the ACH50 value of the control group after 7 days. The C3 contents of both the Be and Cu groups 3 days after administration were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.001). The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity of the Be group 7 days after administration was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). By contrast, AST activity of the Cu group 3 hr after administration was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). The value of the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity of the Be group was low (P < 0.01), but that of the Cu group was high (P < 0.05), 3 hr after administration. These values of both groups after 7 days, however, were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). The AST/ALT ratio in mice was very high at 3 hr, and it remained high by 7 days after Be injection. On the other hand, the ratio of the Cu group was almost constant for 7 days after Cu injection. Thus, these values changed with relative expedition after Be injection. Therefore, we confirmed that measurements of complement activities and the content of C3 were valuable indices for assaying acute effects of Be on mice.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1996

HLA-DR8 subtyping by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-DNA conformation polymorphism (DCP) analysis: a simple and practical genotyping method.

Two hundred Japanese panels were serologically typed for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) - DR to assign 65 HLA-DR8 haplotypes, which were then subdivided into two genotypes, i.e., DRB1*0802 and DRB1*0803, by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)--based, simple, and practical method. The panels possessing DR8 specificity were firstly subjected to PCR with a couple of primers specifically to amplify their DR52 associated group--DRB1 genes. PCR products were then denatured in the presence of formamide, electrophoresed in a non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel, and visualized by silver staining. The same DRB1 products of these samples were also mixed with the DRB1*1302, and simultaneously analyzed by the same procedure. Electrophoretic mobilities of the samples were compared with those of the typing standards to genotype their DR8--DRB1 alleles by using the characteristic polymorphism in the single-stranded DNAs and the heteroduplexes. This method, designated PCR--DNA conformation polymorphism (DCP) analysis, allowed for genotyping of the DR8-DRB1 alleles without using sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes (SSOP) or restriction endonucleases. The entire process after PCR was completed within a few hours. The tested panels were also genotyped for DRB1 gene by the PCR-SSOP method for comparison with results obtained by the PCR-DCP method. Satisfactory coincidence was achieved and it represented how accurately the new system genotyped DRB1*0802 and DRB1*0803. PCR-DCP analysis was thus shown to be practical and useful for subtyping of serologically defined DR8 specificities.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1996

[A case of multiple pulmonary leiomyomatous hamartoma].

A 45-year-old woman with multiple pulmonary leiomyomatous hamartoma was reported. Multiple round shadows were observed in the chest X-ray film of mass examination. Retrospectively chest X-ray films revealed an increase in size and number of pulmonary nodules in three years. Metastatic pulmonary tumors were suspected. Primary site was unclear. Calcified myoma uteri was recognized. The pathological diagnosis under diagnostic thoracotomy was multiple leiomyomatous hamartoma. After ten months of medical castration using superactive analogue of LHRH (buserelin) by intranasal spray, chest X-ray film showed a slight decrease in size of nodular shadows in the right middle lung field.

Female↗
PubMed1996

[Recent advance of endoscopic ultrasonography for evaluating gastroenterologic early cancer].

Lutz et al. made the first report in which ultrasonographic probe could differentiate cystic tumor from solid one. After that, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) have advanced rapidly in engineering and clinical application. EUS is the most accurate diagnostic method presently available to determine the depth of gastrointestinal cancer invasion. We have proposed the pattern analysis for the differentiation between cancer invasion and ulcer fibrosis, because fibrosis and cancer invasion have of the same echo level. USP is more useful and easy than EUS in cases with small and flat lesion without ulcer, and EUS should perform in remaining lesions that look like early cancer with ulcer and advanced cancer. Clinically, it is believed that the invasion of early gallbladder cancer limited to the proper muscle, the early pancreas cancer is less than 1 cm. It is also practicable with EUS to detect the these cancer easily and diagnose the local stage of gall bladder and pancreas cancer. Now we are performing IDUS (ER-US, PT-US) and 3D-EUS, and believing that these technics will be used commonly in the near future.

Digestive System Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Neural discharge can be modulated by carotid arterial injection of gastrin-17 in rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.

Neural discharge in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) was examined after gastrin-17 injection into the carotid artery in anesthetized rats. Neural discharge was increased by gastrin-17 injection into the carotid artery close to the cranium, and the response due to the gastrin was dose-dependent. No discharge response was seen when gastrin was injected into the jugular vein. These results suggest that gastrin circulating in the arterial blood can penetrate the blood brain barrier, and modulate neural PVN activity which is responsible for gastric acid secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

8-Hydroxyadenine (7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine) induces misincorporation in in vitro DNA synthesis and mutations in NIH 3T3 cells.

An oligodeoxyribonucleotide containing 8-hydroxyadenine (OH8Ade) was chemically synthesized and single- and double-stranded c-Ha-ras gene fragments with OH8Ade at the second position of codon 61 were prepared. The single-stranded ras gene fragment was used as a template for in vitro DNA synthesis with the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I, Taq DNA polymerase, rat DNA polymerase beta and mouse DNA polymerase alpha. The former two enzymes exclusively incorporated dTMP opposite OH8Ade. The DNA polymerases alpha and beta misinserted dGMP, and dAMP and dGMP, respectively. The c-Ha-ras gene was constructed using the double-stranded ras gene fragment containing OH8Ade and was transfected into NIH 3T3 cells. The gene with OH8Ade induced focus formation, indicating that OH8Ade elicited point mutations in cells. When c-Ha-ras genes present in transformed cells were analyzed, an A-->G transition and an A-->C transversion were detected. These results indicate that OH8Ade induced misincorporation in in vitro DNA synthesis and mutations in mammalian cells.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1995

Phylogenetic analysis of a novel sulfate-reducing magnetic bacterium, RS-1, demonstrates its membership of the delta-Proteobacteria.

Most of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of a sulfate-reducing magnetic bacterium, RS-1, was sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was carried out. The results suggest that RS-1 is a member of the delta-Proteobacteria, and it appears to represent a new genus. RS-1 is the first bacterium reported outside the alpha-Proteobacteria that contains magnetite inclusions. RS-1 therefore disrupts the correlation between the alpha-Proteobacteria and possession of magnetite inclusions, and that between the delta-Proteobacteria and possession of greigite inclusions. The existence of RS-1 also suggests that intracellular magnetite biomineralization is of multiple evolutionary origins.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1995

Noticeable hyperbilirubinemia following major hepatectomy in patients with biliary tract carcinoma.

Serum bilirubin concentrations were examined in patients who received hepatectomy for biliary tract carcinoma. They were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of preoperative obstructive jaundice (POJ): the POJ group (n = 14) and non-POJ group (n = 10). The POJ group underwent percutaneous transhepatic drainage to delineate jaundice before definitive surgery. Total bilirubin concentration in the POJ group had increased at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after operation compared to the non-POJ group; the direct bilirubin level had increased at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days, and the indirect bilirubin level had increased at 1 and 3 days. Liver functional data before and 14 days after the operation were similar for the two groups. The incidence of cholangitis was higher in the POJ group than in the non-POJ group. Blood loss was greater in the POJ group than in the non-POJ group. The morbidity rate in the POJ group was higher than that in the non-POJ group. These results suggest that characteristic hyperbilirubinemia developed after major hepatectomy in patients with biliary tract carcinoma, and the bilirubin response is evoked by underlying preoperative biliary passing disturbance.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with lupoid hepatitis: a review of Japanese reports.

A 66-year-old woman was diagnosed as having lupoid hepatitis due to the presence of hypergammaglobulinemia, lupus erythematosus cells, and positivity for antinuclear, anti-DNA, and anti-smooth muscle antibodies. None of the serum hepatitis B markers were positive. Symptomatic relief was obtained by prednisolone administration. Five years after the diagnosis of lupoid hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was detected by ultrasonography and computed tomography, after which hepatectomy was performed. Although transcatheter arterial embolization was done on two occasions and repeat hepatectomy was performed twice for recurrent HCC, her liver function remained good with the prednisolone treatment. Antibody for hepatitis C virus has been negative since our first check in 1992. As of this writing, the patient has been alive and well 6 years and 2 months after the first hepatectomy. There have been no previous reports of 6-year survival after hepatectomy for HCC associated with lupoid hepatitis.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Gastric acid secretion caused by gastrin-17 injection into both sides of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in rats.

Gastric acid outputs were examined after gastrin-17 (gastrin) injection into either side of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) or both sides of the PVN in bilaterally adrenalectomized rats. The acid output increased when 40 pM gastrin was unilaterally injected (10 s, 500 nl) into the PVN through a 28-gauge stainless steel tube. The acid output was also increased when 80 pM gastrin was iontophoretically injected (2 min, -50 nA) into the PVN through a glass tube. An additive increase in the acid output was elicited when an effective concentration of gastrin was simultaneously injected into both sides of the PVN. It was also noted that there was a significant increase in acid output when an ineffective concentration of gastrin was simultaneously injected into both sides of the PVN. Almost the same magnitude of acid response due to PVN gastrin was reproduced in normoglycemia, but it was diminished in hyperglycemia. These results suggest that PVN neurons sensitive to gastrin form a neural circuit in both sides of the nucleus, and the circuit acts to potentiate the stimulation of gastric acid which is dependent on the glycemic condition.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Control of motor and secretory functions of the stomach by a portal glucose signal.

D-glucose solution injected into the portal vein influences efferent tonic activities of the vagal nerve innervating the stomach. This suggested the existence of a neural connection between hepatic vagal branch afferents and gastric vagal efferents in the brain. Considering this observation together with findings indicating that electrical stimulation of the proximal cut end of the hepatic vagal branch changes acidity in the gastric perfusing fluid or pressure within the stomach, it has been presumed that hepatic afferent signals related to glucose may regulate the motor or secretory function of the stomach through a change in central nervous activity. Recently active interaction between the portal and medullary glucose signals in gastric function was discovered, and analysis of the characteristic features of the system is in progress.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Correlation between anti-ubiquitin immunoreactivity and region-specific neuronal death in N-methyl-D-aspartate-treated rat hippocampal organotypic cultures.

Neuronal degeneration appears to be associated with changes in anti-ubiquitin immunoreactivity (UIR). To elucidate the relationship between the two events, we examined the time course of changes in UIR in pyramidal neurons of hippocampal organotypic cultures following exposure to an excitotoxin, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). In nontreated cultures, weak UIR was confined to the nucleus. Exposure to 100 microM NMDA for 15 min induced degeneration of pyramidal neurons, within 24 h, in the CA1 and CA3c regions. In these neurons, the nuclear UIR was reduced, and instead, UIR developed in the cytoplasm. In response to the same procedure, CA3a,b pyramidal neurons showed slight shrinkage but otherwise virtually normal morphological features. Little perikaryal (cytoplasmic) UIR developed in CA3a,b neurons. Both degeneration and perikaryal UIR were observed in CA3a,b neurons, however, when the culture was exposed to 300 microM NMDA. Immunoblot analysis showed that changes in the amount of a ubiquitin protein conjugate (24 kDa), presumably ubiquitinated histone, are similar to those of nuclear UIR in the same time course. We propose that the changes in the expression of nuclear and perikaryal ubiquitinated proteins represent some process closely related to neuronal death.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Expression of c-fos mRNA after cortical ablation in rat brain is modulated by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and the NMDA receptor is involved in c-fos expression.

Expression of c-fos mRNA after cortical injury was studied using the in situ hybridization technique. Strong signals for c-fos mRNA were observed immediately after cortical ablation in neurons throughout the cortex ipsilateral to the injury. However, this c-fos mRNA expression was transient and disappeared within 6 h after the injury. When basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF; 1 micrograms) was applied to the site of ablation, c-fos mRNA signals were observed for a much longer period. Even 24 h after injury, diffuse expression of c-fos mRNA was detected throughout the cortex, being mainly confined to non-neuronal cells. Intraperitoneal injection of MK-801 (3 mg/kg), a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, suppressed the expression of c-fos mRNA after cortical ablation. It suppressed both the immediate and late expression induced by cortical ablation and bFGF. The immediate expression of c-fos in neurons is likely to be due to spreading depression, while neuronal-glial interactions would be involved in the mechanism of late c-fos expression by non-neuronal cells. Our results suggest that induction of c-fos after cortical injury can be modulated by topically applied bFGF and that the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is involved in c-fos expression not only caused by injury itself but also induced by injury and bFGF. As the immediate early genes regulate secondary gene responses, the induction of c-fos may contribute to neuronal plasticity and bFGF may enhance its effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[The role of emergent endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP): its usefulness in the diagnosis of pancreatic injury].

To determine the therapeutic modalities for pancreatic injury (PI), it is important for the pancreatic ductal injury (DI) to be present or not. We performed ERPs in 36 patients who had positive findings in physical examinations, serum amylase levels and CT within about 13 hours after injury to diagnose the DIs early after injury and to avoid negative laparotomy. In 33 successful ERP patients (intraoperatively in 3), 22 had PIs (14 DIs) and 11 had non-PIs. Of 14 patients with DIs, 12 with main DIs and one with branch injury were treated surgically. Another patient with branch injury, who was treated conservatively, died of the complications of PI. Nineteen patients without DIs, including 8 PIs, were treated conservatively or operated for the associated abdominal injuries, who had no complications on PIs in the hospital days. Three unsuccessful ERP patients, having PIs, were also operated upon. Among 15 patients, including these 3 patients and 12 treated surgically during the era before introducing ERPs, 2 (13.3%) negative laparotomies were noted. Among 16 patients, who underwent both of ERP and operation, no negative laparotomies were noted. No complications of ERPs occurred. In conclusion, ERP is a reliable modality to detect DIs and to determine the therapeutic modalities for PIs.

Adolescent↗