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Biomedical subjects

T Sakabe

Publications and source records attributed to T Sakabe.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Epidural bupivacaine suppresses local glucose utilization in the spinal cord and brain of rats.

Using the 2-[14C]deoxyglucose method, the effects of analgesic doses of epidural bupivacaine (300 micrograms) on local spinal cord glucose utilization (SP-LGU) of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions and local cerebral glucose utilization (BR-LGU) in 38 brain structures were examined in conscious rats. In addition, the effects of intramuscular bupivacaine (300 micrograms) and the spinal cord transection (T2) were examined to determine whether the induced metabolic changes, if any, are related to the drug's systemic effect and/or deafferentation. Lumbar epidural bupivacaine sufficient to produce analgesia decreased SP-LGU in the thoracic (18-28%) and lumbar (21-29%) spinal cord but not in the cervical cord. Epidural bupivacaine decreased BR-LGU (15-26%) in 35 of 38 structures examined. With intramuscular bupivacaine, SP-LGU remained unchanged in almost all regions, while BR-LGU was significantly decreased (11-23%) in 23 structures. Plasma concentrations of bupivacaine in the epidural and intramuscular groups were comparable. With spinal cord transection alone, SP-LGU significantly decreased with varying degrees depending on the structure examined, but BR-LGU did not decrease in 36 of 38 structures examined. These results indicate that analgesic doses of epidural bupivacaine decrease SP-LGU, probably reflecting decreased neuronal activity of the spinal cord, and that reduced BR-LGU by epidural bupivacaine is most likely due to the drug's systemic effect rather than deafferentation.

Analgesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1989

Modulation of cerebrospinal metabolic responses to peripheral stimulation by enflurane anesthesia in rats.

Enflurane-induced modulation of cerebrospinal metabolic responses to peripheral nerve stimulation was examined in 30 rats. Local glucose utilization in the brain and lumbar spinal cord was measured using the autoradiographic 2-[C]deoxyglucose method at three anesthetic concentrations (0,5, 2, and 4%) either with or without electrical stimulation (5 mA, 0.5 ms, 10 Hz) of the unilateral sciatic nerve. Stimulation produced a 71 to 111% increase in glucose utilization in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord at all anesthetic concentrations examined. Stimulation also produced a 32 to 48% increase in glucose utilization in the hindlimb projectionarea of the contralateral somatosensory cortex at the two lowest concentrations (0.5 and 2%), while at 4% no stimulus-induced increase in glucose utilization was observed. The results show that there is a threshold at which enflurane suppresses the metabolic responses to peripheral stimulation in the somatosensory cortex but not in the spinal cord. If electrical stimulation of a peripheral nerve is regarded as analogous to surgical stimulation, considerable increase in the spinal cord metabolism may occur during surgery even in a deeply anesthetized subject.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

[Differential effects of isoflurane and nitrous oxide on cerebral blood flow, metabolism and electrocorticogram after incomplete cerebral ischemia in the rat].

Differential effects of isoflurane (ISOF) and N2O on cerebral blood flow, metabolism and electrocorticogram (ECoG) were examined in rats subjected to 15 min-incomplete cerebral ischemia. In the first study, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and ECoG were measured during and after ischemia. In the second study, local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and glucose utilization (LCGU) were determined at 60 min after reperfusion. In the N2O group, rCBF in both the cerebral cortex and hippocampus decreased significantly to less than 10% of the pre-ischemic value during ischemia, and it increased to 170% at 10 min after reperfusion. The ECoG became flat during ischemia and reappeared at 21 min after reperfusion. In the ISOF group, rCBF decreased significantly to 25% during ischemia and returned to the preischemic value after reperfusion. The ECoG became flat during ischemia and reappeared at 14 min. In the N2O group, LCBFs decreased significantly to 40-50% of the pre-ischemic values in the forebrain. LCGUs decreased significantly to 30-50% in all structures of the forebrain. In the ISOF group, LCBFs decreased significantly to 60-80% in the forebrain, but were not different in other structures. LCGUs did not differ from pre-ischemic values in all structures except for in the thalamus and habenula. These results may indicate cerebral protective effects of ISOF on incomplete cerebral ischemia in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Chemosensitivity of human head and neck tumors detected by human tumor clonogenic assay].

Chemosensitivity of human head and neck tumor was evaluated by human tumor clonogenic assay. Among eight of head and neck tumors seven squamous cell carcinomas such as tongue, gingiva, maxillary sinus, pharynx and one malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of maxillary sinus and four anti-cancer agents BLM, CDDP, 5-FU and MMC were used. Five of eight tumors were succeeded to evaluate the sensitivity. Positive rates except MFH were BLM 100% (3/3), CDDP 25% (1/4), 5-FU 33% (1/3). These results are similar to recent clinical experiments except CDDP.

Bleomycin↗
PubMed1989

[Radio- and radio-chemosensitivity of human head and neck cancer cell line detected by human tumor clonogenic assay].

The radiosensitivity and radio-chemosensitivity of 3 series of human cancer cell lines were evaluated by human tumor clonogenic assay. The sources of cell lines were gingiva carcinoma (Ca9-22), uterus carcinoma (Hela) and gastric carcinoma (MKN-45). BLM and CDDP were used, and chemosensitivity of gingiva carcinoma tended to be higher than other cell lines. Radiosensitivity was same as MKN-45. Isobologram were employed for quantitation of the interaction between the irradiation and anti-cancer agents. In Ca9-22, the interaction of between gamma-rays, BLM and CDDP was supra-additive. Hela was also supra-additive, but in MKN-45, the interaction of between gamma-rays and BLM was sub-additive.

Bleomycin↗
PubMed1989

[Availability of intermittent chemotherapy by reservoir in liver metastasis of colo-rectal cancer].

From August 1986 to May 1989, in 18 cases of liver metastasis from colo-rectal cancer, intermittent chemotherapy was undergone by implantation reservoir in the subcutaneous. Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy was under taken in 6 cases, and intra-portal vein chemotherapy in 12 cases. 5-FU 500 mg + MMC 10-6 mg was infused through implantable reservoir once every two weeks. CDDP and ADM were also infused in one case. Infusions averaged 12.4 times, and the most was 24 times in the group of intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy. In the group of intra-portal vein infusion chemotherapy, infusion averaged 12.4 times, with the highest at 35 times. In liver metastasis (H3), there is no significant difference between intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy and intra-portal vein infusion chemotherapy, revealing the cumulative survival rate. And the reservoir group compares with the 14 cases of hepatectomy and the 9 cases of systemic chemotherapy in cumulative survival rate. As a result, there was no significant difference between the group with the reservoir and the systemic chemotherapy group in H1 cases and H2 cases, revealing a median survival rate in these treatment groups. The median survival of reservoir group was 8.3 months, and that of the hepatectomy group was 20.6 months in H2 cases. In the H3 cases, the median survival of the reservoir group was 9.6 months, and that of the systemic chemotherapy group was 10.3 months. Reservoir was implanted in three cases to prevent recurrence after hepatectomy. As a result, two of three cases have survived for 20 months and 10 months, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Calcium entry blockers in cerebral resuscitation.

This paper reviews postischemic events which might influence the neurologic injury following cerebral ischemia. The influence of diverse calcium entry blockers (CEB) on postischemic cerebral blood flow (CBF) and neurologic outcome is presented. The role of intracellular calcium (Ca) accumulation in neuronal injury is discussed. Although a number of diverse experiments appear in the literature using several, different types of CEB, e.g., nimodipine, lidoflazine, flunarizine and nicardipine, they appear to have different cerebral effects. There is no solid consistent evidence that CEB prevent Ca loading following cerebral ischemia. At least one CEB appears promising, namely, nimodipine. Since the mechanisms of action of CEB in cerebral ischemia remain obscure, further studies appear necessary and warranted.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Metabolic activation of intercortical and corticothalamic pathways during enflurane anesthesia in rats.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of enflurane on local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU), and to provide further insight into the mechanism of the epileptogenic properties of enflurane. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups; three groups with intact cortex received 0.5, 2, or 4% enflurane, and one group with unilateral cortex excised received 4% enflurane. LCGU was measured at each anesthetic concentration using the autoradiographic 2-[14C]deoxyglucose method. LCGU in ten of 33 structures examined during 2% enflurane decreased by 19-33%, and LCGU in 22 structures during 4% enflurane decreased by 19-65%, when compared with that during 0.5% enflurane. While LCGU, in most structures, decreased in a dose-related manner, LCGU in the corpus callosum, thalamic ventrobasal complex, and hippocampal CA3 field during 4% enflurane increased by 31-70%, compared with that during 0.5% and/or 2% enflurane. With unilateral cortical excision during 4% enflurane, the increase in LCGU in the ventrobasal complex was obliterated in the excision side, and the increase in the corpus callosum was attenuated. High LCGU in the hippocampal CA3 field and contralateral ventrobasal complex was not affected with cortical excision. These results indicate that intercortical and corticothalamic pathways are metabolically activated during deep enflurane anesthesia, suggesting that the epileptogenic property of enflurane is related to activation of these pathways.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1988

[Transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization using microencapsulated mitomycin C (MMCmc)].

Thirty-six patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were treated by hepatic arterial chemoembolization of microencapslated mitomycin C (MMCmc). The infusion cannulae were placed in the hepatic artery by the Soldinger method, and 10 to 40 mg of MMCmc was injected 1 to 4 times (total doses, 10-110 mg). The evaluation of anti-tumor effects revealed 12 partial responses in 27 evaluable lesions and response rates were 44%. The serum AFP levels were decreased in 70% of patients. The survival rate for 12 months was 35% in all patients, but 67% at Stage III. The control of liver function is also important, because the hepatic failure and esophageal varices were the main causes of death. Side effects such as fever and pain were seen in 70%, but they were mild.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical study of controlled-release preparation of mitomycin C in the treatment of inoperable cancer patients].

The composite substance of Mitomycin C (MMC) and polymer by low temperature radiating polymerization has a characteristic of slow release, the possibility of applying it to local chemotherapy was clinically studied. Buttom-formed preparation (MMC 20 mg) and needle-formed preparation (MMC 5 mg) were applied to the lesions, respectively, by sewing and piercing in 220 cancer patients with non resectable infiltrative lesions. The treatment had a pain-relieving effect in 70 out of 117 cases (60.0%) of painful cancer in the pancreas, biliary duct, liver, etc, and improved the symptoms of digestive organs in 31 out of 93 cases (33.3%). However, the tumor-reducing effect was recognized only in minute localized lesions of hepatic cancer, etc., and the survival period was not prolonged. The treatment caused no severe side effects. From the above results, the local chemotherapy with slow-releasing MMC preparation was concluded to be a useful means of palliative therapy in non-resectable, though its formulation may to be further improved.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1987

In vitro production of human antibodies specifically reactive with human gastric cancer cells of established lines and autologous tissues.

Human lymphocytes derived from regional lymph nodes adjacent to the primary gastric cancer were transformed with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to establish lymphoblastoid cell lines secreting human antibodies reactive with cell surface antigens expressed on the gastric cancer cells. The EBV transformation technique was applied to lymph node lymphocytes obtained from 4 gastric cancer patients. As a result of mass screening with the radioactive cell binding assay for the production of anti-gastric cancer related antibodies, one culture (TGc-106) among 1,400 microcultures was identified to secrete human antibody specifically reactive with an established human gastric cancer cell line as target (MKN-45). Furthermore, it was demonstrated with the autologous assay system by the histoimmunofluorescence method that cell surface antigens of autologous gastric cancer cells could be clearly defined with human antibody from one culture (TEb-079) out of 470 microcultures established from a gastric cancer patient (GCP-26); there was no reactivity against the surrounding normal cells constructing the gastric wall. The immunoglobulin class of the human antibodies produced both in TGc-106 and TEb-079 was determined from immunodiffusion tests to be IgM.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Intoxication with sulindac, tiaramide hydrochloride and diclofenac sodium.

Overdosage intoxication of sulindac, tiaramide and diclofenac caused excitability of central nervous system, followed by unconsciousness. The case was treated with ordinary therapies and direct hemoperfusion (DHP). Serum concentrations of these drugs and their metabolites were correlated well with the clinical symptoms. DHP may be effective to eliminate these drugs and their metabolites.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Intracranial pressure following cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Intracranial pressure (ICP) was measured in six patients following cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The causes of cardiac arrest were respiratory or circulatory problems and the primary intracranial pathology was not detected. The measurement of ICP started 3 to 10 h following CPR except one patient in whom it started on the day 7. Duration of ICP measurement ranged from 2 to 7 days. In five out of six patients, ICP persistently remained below 20 mmHg. In the remaining one patient, ICP elevation associated with seizure activity was observed and ICP ultimately increased to 57 mmHg. Among these, four patients died and two remained in a persistent vegetative state. These results suggest that ICP following CPR does not necessarily increase if the patient has no primary intracranial pathology or seizures.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Effects of buflomedil on survival rate, local cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization after cerebral ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats].

Cerebral protective effects of oral Buflomedil administration for 7 days were studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). After permanent bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO), the survival rates at 24 hr were 38% and 44% in groups treated with Buflomedil at the doses of 30 mg/kg (n = 16) and 90 mg/kg (n = 15), respectively, which were significantly higher than that in the control group (orally given saline for 7 days), 6%. In rats that survived and given Buflomedil, carbon filling of the brain after BCAO was extended to the territories of the internal carotid artery, while it was restricted to the brainstem and cerebellum in rats died within 3 hr and given either saline or Buflomedil. Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF), monitored by [14C]-Iodoantipyrine autoradiography, was determined at 3 hr after the start of BCAO or at 2 hr after reperfusion in rats orally given either saline or Buflomedil 30 mg/kg for 7 days. Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU), monitored by [14C]-Deoxyglucose autoradiography, was determined at 2 hr after reperfusion. At 3 hr after the start of BCAO, the LCBF in the Buflomedil group was higher by 71-128% in the cerebral cortex, 61-150% in the amygdala, caudate-putamen, nucleous accumbens and globus pallidus, and 82% in the internal capsule. At 2 hr after reperfusion, LCBF did not differ between groups, but LCGU in the Buflomedil group was significantly higher by 26-49% in the cerebral cortex, cochlear nuclei and vestibular nuclei than that in the control group. From these results, it is concluded that Buflomedil improved survival rate after permanent BCAO and have beneficial effect on local cerebral blood flow distribution after BCAO in SHR.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Early screening of cancer of the stomach in Japan].

Gastric cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor reported in Japan, and increasing effort is being directed towards its early diagnosis. Radiographic imaging is considered to be the main exploratory investigation for screening of this cancer, fibroscopy being reserved for cases with suspected lesions on radiology. In the series studied, 40% of cases of gastric cancer were diagnosed at an early stage, a non-negligible result when one considers that the 5-year survival rate is better than 95% at this stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Lidocaine modifies the effect of succinylcholine on muscle oxygen consumption in dogs.

The effects of succinylcholine (SCh: 2 mg/kg) alone and in combination with lidocaine (4.5 mg/kg in two increments) on muscle oxygen consumption (VO2) and blood flow (MBF) in normal and denervated gastrocnemius muscle were studied in 18 dogs anesthetized with halothane (0.94%, end tidal) to examine the interactions of both drugs at the neuromuscular junction. In an additional five dogs with normal gastrocnemius muscle, the effects of lidocaine alone on VO2 and MBF were also studied. In normal muscle, VO2 increased as much as 150% with SCh alone, while with the combination of lidocaine and SCh, VO2 remained unchanged. MBF remained unchanged with SCh alone and the combined use of lidocaine and SCh. Neither the VO2 nor MBF was affected by lidocaine alone. In denervated muscle, VO2 increased as much as 304% with SCh alone and MBF increased 115%. With the combined use of SCh and lidocaine the VO2 in denervated muscle increased up to 360% with a 290% increase in MBF. These findings indicate different effects of lidocaine on metabolic and circulatory responses to SCh in normal and in denervated muscles in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Analgesic doses of epidural morphine do not affect local glucose utilization in the spinal cord in rats.

The possibility of association between changes in spinal cord metabolism and changes in spinal cord neuronal activity by injection of morphine into the epidural space in amounts adequate to produce analgesia was examined. Fourteen Wistar rats were equally divided into two groups: a morphine group (epidural, 15 micrograms) and a control group (saline). Using the 2-[14C] deoxyglucose method, glucose utilization was measured in the spinal cord and in the brain, including structures related to pain modulation, in the presence and in the absence of analgesia produced by epidural morphine as confirmed by the hot plate test. Glucose utilization was shown to be similar in the spinal cord and in the brain in both groups of animals. The results suggest that analgesic doses of epidural morphine do not affect neuronal activity of the spinal cord by changing spinal cord carbohydrate metabolism.

Analgesia↗