Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T S Parish

Publications and source records attributed to T S Parish.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

The effects of two types of relaxation training on students' levels of anxiety.

In the present study, high school students who received training in either behavioral relaxation or progressive muscle relaxation demonstrated significantly lower state anxiety scores than did those who had not received such training. No significant differences were found on trait anxiety scores. There was no significant effect of gender and also no significant interaction effects between the three groups and gender for either state or trait anxiety. Implications of these findings for high school counselors who work with students dealing with anxiety-producing problems are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Relationships between college students' perceptions of their family members and how they interact with one another.

In this study 128 college students were surveyed regarding many of their perceptions concerning themselves and their family members (i.e., self-concepts, evaluations of parents, how they interact with their parents, and how their parents interact with each other). Nearly all of the respondents' perceptions of these individuals and how they interacted with one another were found to be significantly correlated. Such findings suggest that family members need to be more attentive to the messages they convey through their actions as well as their attitudes, and strive to be as positive as possible if they truly wish to benefit all concerned.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Relationships of parents' perceived actions toward their children.

Research has generally supported the view that parents' attitudes and practices predispose children to act in certain ways. Bell (1968), however, proposed an alternate theory which suggested that children and adolescents often mold the way their parents act. Parish (1980) subsequently reported support for Bell's position in that parents were, indeed, found to parent like one another, possibly in response to their children's actions. The present study sought to further examine the Bell (1968) theory by seeking to determine if parents are consistent with each other or with themselves in their parenting attitudes and practices. Parents were perceived to act like one another (at least to a moderately significant degree), but fathers were much more likely to parent in particular ways (i.e., if they were restrictive they were also more likely to be warm, or if they were permissive they were also more likely to be hostile), independent of how their wives were perceived to act. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Do attitudinal and behavioral ratings of family members vary across familial configurations?

In this study 212 high school students from different familial configurations were compared regarding their descriptions of themselves and their parents, as well as how their parents interacted with each other. Findings revealed that fathers' ratings or evaluations, but not mothers' ratings or the students' self-ratings, suffered in the wake of divorce. Regarding perceived "loving" actions by parents, however, students from intact families clearly had an advantage over their counterparts from reconstituted, divorced, and single-parent families. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Parents' actions: are they related to children's self-concepts, evaluations of parents, and to each other?

This study surveyed 188 middle school children in order to ascertain their perceptions of their parents' actions toward one another. In addition, they evaluated themselves and their parents. These data were subsequently correlated with each other. It was found that ratings of fathers generally varied with how loving they were toward their wives and how loving their mothers were toward their husbands. Ratings of mothers only varied with how loving they were toward their husbands, and not vice versa, but only for their daughters--not for their sons. Self-concepts also generally varied for both sex groups with how loving their fathers were toward their wives, but how loving mothers were toward their husbands was only directly related to how their daughters--not their sons--rated themselves. Finally, how fathers acted toward their wives was significantly correlated with how their wives acted toward them. Some implications of these findings are discussed.

Attitude↗
PubMed1993

Perceived parental actions and evaluations of the family and its members.

In the present study, 64 college students described how their parents acted toward one another and also evaluated their families and various family members. Many significant correlations were found. Perceptions of parents' actions toward one another were associated with respondents' ratings of their families and individual family members. Interestingly, for females, but not males, there was a strong relationship between perceptions of how their fathers interacted with their mothers and how their mothers interacted with their fathers. Such findings lend support to the notion that ongoing parental interactions, and not just traumatic events such as parental death or divorce, are related to how youth and young adults subsequently view their families and the individuals within them.

Family↗
PubMed1993

The relationships between support system failures and college students' ratings of self and family: do they vary across family configuration?

In the present study, 130 college students voluntarily described the support system failures they encountered during their childhood and/or adolescence through their responses on the Personal History Inventory and their ratings of self and family on the Personal Attribute Inventory. Significant direct relationships were found between the level of support system failures and the negativeness expressed in their ratings of both self and family. Notably, however, these significant relationships applied only to individuals from intact families, and not those from families divided either by parental divorce or death of a parent. Possible explanations are offered to account for these findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Perceived actions of parents and attitudes of youth.

The present study assessed the self-concepts and evaluations of parents of a sample of high school students. Findings indicated that students' evaluations of parents, but not self-concepts, were significantly correlated with the perceived "loving" actions engaged in by their parents toward one another. These findings are in marked contrast to the results reported by Parish (1988), who surveyed college students, and suggest that more research is needed to determine if these findings are artifacts of the samples surveyed, or are indicative of developmental shifts that occur as individuals move from adolescence to adulthood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The relationship between parenting styles and young adults' self-concepts and evaluations of parents.

In the present study, 123 college students were surveyed in order to assess their self-concepts, evaluations of parents, and perceptions of their parents' parenting styles. Notably, the students' self-concepts were found to vary directly with perceived level of parental warmth, but did not vary as a function of their parents' level of restrictiveness. Fathers and mothers were found to be rated more highly if they were perceived as being warm and permissive rather than hostile and restrictive. Finally, opposite-sex parents' level of warmth also correlated with how each parent was evaluated. Some explanations for these findings are offered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The psychosocial characteristics of at-risk high school students.

This study examined differences between high school students who were at risk for school failure and a control group of peers. Statistically significant differences were found with respect to locus of control, self-concept, and personal styles of learning. Implications focused upon approaches and suggestions regarding the use of such knowledge in facilitating improved adjustment and achievement in at-risk students.

Achievement↗
PubMed1991

The effects of family configuration and support system failures during childhood and adolescence on college students' self-concepts and social skills.

This study examined the differential effects of familial configuration and support system failures in a sample of 256 college students. Regarding familial configuration, the results indicated that individuals who had experienced parental divorce were significantly more likely to have encountered parental hostility and/or lack of care, inadequate supervision when not in school, lack of concern by teachers, and more financial hardship. In turn, lower self-concepts and/or social skills were found to be associated with these kinds of life experiences (i.e., support system failures).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Ratings of self and parents by youth: are they affected by family status, gender, and birth order?

In the present study, 648 youths from across the state of Kansas voluntarily evaluated themselves and their parents using the Personal Attribute Inventory for Children. Self-concept was found to be significantly higher for those from intact families in comparison with those from divorced remarried families. Evaluations of mothers were significantly higher for those from intact and divorced nonremarried families as compared with those from divorced remarried families. The ratings of fathers by youths from intact families were significantly more favorable than the ratings by those from either divorced nonremarried or divorced remarried families. Interestingly, gender by family status two-way interaction effects were also found for self-concept and ratings of fathers. Possible explanations for these findings, and their implications, are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Examining teachers' perceptions of children's support systems.

Teachers of 94 youth evaluated the functionality of their students' support systems by completing the Personal History Inventory for Children (Parish & Wigle, 1985). An analysis of variance revealed significant main effects due to students' family structure, gender, and birth order. Specifically, youth from divorced nonremarried and divorced remarried families experienced more dysfunctional support systems than youth from intact families. Further, boys were found to be at more risk than girls, and later borns were found to experience more support system failure than firstborns.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Evaluations of family by youth: do they vary as a function of family structure, gender, and birth order?

In the present study, 334 youths evaluated their families by responding to the Personal Attribute Inventory for Children. An analysis of variance revealed no significant main effects due to respondents' birth order or gender, but did find a significant main effect due to family structure and a significant two-way interaction effect between respondents' family structure and gender. Specifically, males from divorced remarried families and females from divorced nonremarried families were found to evaluate their respective families significantly more negatively than did their counterparts from other familial configurations. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗