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Biomedical subjects

T S Nelson

Publications and source records attributed to T S Nelson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Effects of extracts of toxic fescue given orally to rats.

Fresh fescue (Festuca arundinacea) was obtained from farms where toxicity was encountered in cattle grazing the fescue. The fescue was dried in a forced draft oven at 60 degrees C and then ground. The dry ground fescue was extracted with ether and then re-extracted with either 1% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid. The residual ether was evaporated and the residue resuspended in ethyl alcohol diluted with water 1% (control) and 1 mL of the above extracts of fescue were given daily to rats, via stomach tube, beginning the seventh day after breeding. Two of the seven rats given the 1% NaHCO3 fraction of the extract of fescue gave birth to live young. One of these litters contained only five pups, with one being stillborn. Three of the seven rats aborted, one gave birth to seven stillborn pups and one female died during birth. All females fed the 1% NaHCO3 and the other extracts of the fescue gave birth to normal litters. Rats fed the ether extract which was re-extracted with 1% NaHCO3, acidified and re-extracted with ether, dried and resuspended in 1% NaHCO3 produced similar reproductive problems as those rats given the ether extract of fescue which was re-extracted only once with 1% NaHCO3. Therefore, it appears that the toxic entity(s) of fescue can be extracted and that infertility/abortion/still-birth ratio of rats may be used as a bioassay.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

The effect of feeding corn molded with Penicillium lanosum to broiler chicks.

Penicillium lanosum was isolated from broiler feed obtained from troughs in a house in which the litter was wet and the chicks were substantially smaller than expected at the time of slaughter. Corn was inoculated with the fungus, incubated for 8 weeks, dried, and incorporated in a broiler ration. The ration was fed to broiler chicks for a period of 2 weeks in order to evaluate toxicity. Experimental chicks developed diarrhea and grew slower than the controls. Gross lesions consisted of swollen kidneys and erosions in the lining of the gizzard. Histologic examination revealed mild toxic nephritis and growth of fungus in and on the surface of the gizzard lining. Penicillium lanosum was isolated from the gizzards of affected birds. Diarrhea but no gizzard lesions occurred in birds feld molded corn which had been treated with ethylene oxide. This finding indicates that this isolate of P. lanosum is both toxigenic and capable of producing gizzard erosion.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1980

Isolation and identification of citrinin produced by Penicillium lanosum.

Penicillium lanosum, when grown on corn, produces a metabolite which increases water intake and excretion by chicks. During a 5-hr test period, chicks fed inoculated corn as the only feed began excreting water within 2 hr and excreted as much as 36 ml, whereas chicks fed untreated corn did not excrete measurable amounts. Chicks fed the inoculated corn drank more water than those fed untreated corn. The metabolite could not be extracted from oven-dried corn but was removed from air-dried corn which had been moistened with acid and extracted with chloroform and then with methanol. It was soluble in 1% sodium bicarbonate and precipitated as yellow cystals when the solution was acidified to pH 1.5. The precipitate was identified as citrinin based on the results of thin layer chromatography, ultraviolet, infrared, mass spectrometer, fluorescence excitation and emission, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Thy hydrolysis of phytate phosphorus by chicks and laying hens.

The chromic oxide balance method was used to determine the amount of natural phytate phosphorus hydrolyzed by chicks and laying hens. Broiler chicks 4 and 9 weeks old and Single Comb White Leghorn hens were fed diets containing corn as the only grain source or diets in which wheat replaced one half of the corn. Feces were collected twice daily during the 7-day test period. The phytate phosphorus recovered in the feces of the 4 and 9 week old chicks and the laying hens fed the diet containing corn was 100, 98, and 92%. When wheat replaced one half of the corn the recovery was 92, 87 and 87%. The phytase activity in wheat was minimal in vivo; whereas, in vitro tests indicated enzyme activity.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improving substance abuse service delivery to Hispanic women through increased cultural competencies: a qualitative study.

In 1985, one woman in seventeen in the US was Hispanic-an estimated 8.5 million-and it is predicted that by the end of this century, Hispanics will comprise the largest ethnic group in this country (Amaro & Russo, 1987). Although the term "Hispanic" suggests a homogeneous group, united by similarities, this is not the case. The term refers to an ethnic group, not a racial one, whose chief commonalities are the Spanish language and some broad cultural values. Making substance abuse treatment services accessible to Hispanic women and their families requires that agencies become culturally competent to deal with this population. The authors of this qualitative study interviewed female Hispanic substance-abuse treatment clients and therapists to find what agencies might do to create a receptive atmosphere for Hispanic women.

Acculturation↗