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Biomedical subjects

T S Huang

Publications and source records attributed to T S Huang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Hormone changes in men with spinal cord injuries.

The steady state profiles of 63 men with traumatic spinal cord injuries (24 quadriplegics and 39 paraplegics; average age of 31.2 +/- 6.8 yr; 18-44 yr) were studied. The average length of post-traumatic period was 6.2 +/- 5.0 yr, ranging from 8 months to 20 yr. It was found that all the subjects had normal serum thyroxine, thyrotropin, cortisol, growth hormone and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone. Seven cases (11.1%) had low serum triiodothyronine and eight cases (12.7%) had low serum testosterone. On the other hand, 17 cases (27.0%) had hyperprolactinemia; 9 cases (14.3%) had elevated serum testosterone level; 6 cases (9.5%) had elevated serum follicle-stimulating hormone; and 4 cases (6.3%) had elevated serum luteinizing hormone. The level of spinal cord injury, injury period and patient age had no correlation with other serum hormone changes except that quadriplegic subjects had lower serum triiodothyronine than the paraplegic, with a mean of 1.42 +/- 0.30 v 1.70 +/- 0.36 nmol/liter (P < 0.005). Of the eight subjects who had low serum testosterone, none had elevated gonadotropin. There were also eight subjects with elevated follicle-stimulating hormone and/or luteinizing hormone, six of them had normal serum testosterone and two had elevated serum testosterone. This suggested their hypogonadism did not result primarily from classic primary gonadal failure. It could be speculated that other testicular paracrine factors and/or alteration of hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axis are involved in the pathogenesis of hypogonadism. Further studies in this field will provide information regarding male reproductive physiology and may have impact on fertility enhancement options for men with spinal cord injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Clinical experience of octreotide in the treatment of acromegaly.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of octreotide (a somatostatin analogue) in the treatment of acromegaly, 10 patients were injected subcutaneously with octreotide, 50 micrograms, thrice daily before each meal for two days, followed by 100 micrograms thrice daily for six months. One case dropped out at the initial stage because of diarrhea, and another quit due to a lack of improvement in headaches after treatment for three months. Eight patients completed the study. The results showed that the circumference of the fourth finger and hand volume significantly decreased after treatment. Laboratory data demonstrated that serum growth hormone (GH) and somatomedin-C levels also decreased significantly. However, in six patients without a history of trans-sphenoidal adenomectomy, the serum GH and somatomedin-C levels returned to normal in only one case who had a serum GH level < 20 mU/L before treatment. In the oral glucose tolerance test, paradoxic elevation of GH subsided after treatment. In the TRH test, paradoxic elevation of GH improved after treatment. In the bromocriptine test, octreotide had a synergistic effect on the suppression of GH. All cases had the side effect of injection pain, especially at the initial stage. An increase in intestinal peristalsis and bowel movement occurred in the first week, but symptoms later subsided. Two out of these eight patients had gallbladder sludge after six months of treatment. In conclusion, octreotide is effective in the treatment of acromegaly; however, it is better used in patients who have serum GH levels < 20 mU/L, or after a trans-sphenoidal adenomectomy, and may be combined with bromocriptine to treat the patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1991

Suppression of c-Jun/AP-1 activation by an inhibitor of tumor promotion in mouse fibroblast cells.

Curcumin, a dietary pigment responsible for the yellow color of curry, is a potent inhibitor of tumor promotion by phorbol esters. Functional activation of transcriptional factor c-Jun/AP-1 is believed to play an important role in signal transduction of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced tumor promotion. Suppression of the c-Jun/AP-1 activation by curcumin is observed in mouse fibroblast cells. In vitro experiments indicate that inhibition of c-Jun/AP-1 binding to its cognate motif by curcumin may be responsible for the inhibition of c-Jun/AP-1-mediated gene expression. These findings show that the effect of curcumin on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced inflammation/tumor promotion could be studied at the molecular level.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Thyroid hormone changes after cardiovascular surgery and clinical implications.

Alterations in serum concentrations of total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) frequently occur in patients with nonthyroidal illnesses. These changes correlate with the severity of the illness and the prognosis. In this study, 44 patients undergoing a cardiovascular operation had significant declines in serum TT3 and TT4 levels during cardiopulmonary bypass and thereafter. Serum TT3 and TT4 concentrations reached their nadir at 30 minutes after the start of cardiopulmonary bypass with values (mean +/- standard error of the mean) of 0.77 +/- 0.12 nmol/L (50.4 +/- 7.6 ng/dL) and 68.2 +/- 10.2 nmol/L (5.30 +/- 0.79 micrograms/dL), respectively. The mean serum concentrations of TSH and TT4 returned to preoperative levels by the sixth day after operation, whereas TT3 levels remained low throughout the study period. The patients whose recovery was uneventful had higher serum TT3, TT4, and TSH levels than those who had complications or died. The trend toward recovery was initiated by a sharp increase in the serum TSH level and increases in serum TT3 and TT4 concentrations on the fourth day after operation. Patients with complications either did not show these changes or had only a transient increase in TT3 and TT4 levels. All of the patients had a normal serum free T4 level before anesthesia. Those with an uneventful recovery had a higher serum free T4 level on the sixth day after operation than those with complications. Two patients in the latter group had serum free T4 levels less than normal at that time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Mutagenicity studies of kojic acid.

Kojic acid, a fungal metabolite produced by some species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, was found to induce sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells in the presence or absence of the rat liver S9 mix. Furthermore, this compound was demonstrated to induce mutations in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 using both plate-incorporation and preincubation methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Application of immunoassay in the food industry.

Immunoassay techniques using the highly specific and sensitive nature of immunological reactions have been developed and applied in the food industry for detecting the naturally occurring constituents, antibiotics, pesticide residues, microorganisms, and fragments of microbial constituents related to food analysis, food production, food processing, and food safety. Both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are employed for the development of the various immunoassay systems, including enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Immunoassay techniques provide complementary and/or alternate approaches in reducing the use of costly, sophisticated equipment and analysis time, but still maintaining reliability and improved sensitivity. Immunoassay techniques in their most simple forms provide excellent screening tools to detect adulteration and contaminations qualitatively. The application of immunoassay techniques contributes tremendously to the quality control and safety of our food supply.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1991

Radiographically confirmed cochlear otospongiosis among the Chinese.

A high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) study on 55 patients with surgically confirmed clinical otosclerosis confirms the existence of cochlear otospongiosis among the Chinese. Positive radiographic results of cochlear otospongiosis (13 ears, 12%) were found in patients with mixed-type deafness but in none with conductive hearing loss. Although there is a positive correlation between audiologic and radiographic findings, the HRCT results showed a lower positive rate and less severity than anticipated from the audiologic results. However, compared with the occurrence and extension of radiographic findings in similar studies of white people, it would seem to support our previous contention that the disease is indeed milder in Chinese people. Cochlear otospongiosis with extensive labyrinthine demineralization was found in three young patients with rapidly progressive hearing loss. This is important evidence of the overlooked fact that cochlear otospongiosis may also be one of the causes of sensorineural hearing loss in the Chinese. Thus, a high index of suspicion of the existence of this inner ear disorder is of paramount importance, and in such cases an HRCT study should be performed and sodium fluoride given to prevent further hearing deterioration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Surgical treatment of chronic otitis media and Menière's syndrome.

Menière's symptom-complex in conjunction with chronic otitis media (COM) has occasionally been encountered in otologic practice. This study compares the effects of various surgical techniques on patients with COM and Menière's syndrome, primarily on incapacitating vertigo. One group of patients with incapacitating vertigo received endolymphatic system drainage procedures, either endolymphatic sac surgery (83 patients) or cochleosacculotomy (12 patients) simultaneously with surgery for COM. Another group (14 patients) had surgery for COM only. A comparison of the results for vertigo control between the two approaches indicates a significant difference in success rate in favor of endolymphatic system drainage procedures (80% versus 20%). COM is regarded as one of the causes of endolymphatic hydrops (EH). The results of this study seem to indicate both 1. the likelihood of the cause-and-effect relationship between COM and EH, and 2. the effectiveness of endolymphatic shunting procedures on control of incapacitating vertigo, thus supporting the contentions of other authors with regard to pathogenesis and sac enhancement in patients with COM and Menière's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Endolymphatic hydrops in animal experiments. A confirmation of mechanical and immunological methods of inducement.

The etiology underlying endolymphatic hydrops is scarcely understood. It is generally accepted, however, that the primary cause of endolymphatic hydrops is the malfunction and malabsorption of the endolymphatic sac. This has already been proven by animal experiments as well as by histopathological studies of human temporal bone. In this study, we attempted to induce endolymphatic hydrops by utilizing both mechanical and immunological methods. An obliterative procedure was performed on the endolymphatic sac and duct of 14 guinea pigs, 12 of which showed extensive endolymphatic hydrops after a variable period of time. The immunological method employed was to inject the antigen horseradish peroxidase into the endolymphatic sac of 22 guinea pigs that had been systemically sensitized to this antigen. Endolymphatic hydrops was induced in 11 of these subjects. Thus, this study lends further support to the fact that endolymphatic hydrops is caused by malfunction of the endolymphatic sac, resulting from either mechanical obliteration or immunological reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Revision endolymphatic sac surgery for recurrent Meniére's disease.

A total of 44 cases of revision endolymphatic sac surgery (RESS) were studied. Overall, results of RESS were comparable to the primary endolymphatic sac surgery (PESS). Furthermore, early failure rate (around 6 months after PESS) is significantly higher compared to late failure (approximately 2 years after PESS). In addition, important revision findings which showed saccular fibrosis and new bone growth in the long-term make possible the theory that there is a difference in pathological locus between early and late failures of PESS. Bulky implant devices (such as inner ear valve) had the effect of retarding new bone growth, which may explain their greater efficacy in PESS. They also preserve sac shape and lumen and thus replacement with a new device is facilitated during RESS. These results emphasize the importance of wider decompression during endolymphatic sac surgery (ESS). A new modified version of the inner ear device is proposed to overcome major drawbacks of the current devices, thus further enhancing the success of ESS.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Endolymphatic sac surgery for Meniére's disease. A cumulative study of twelve years' experience.

This paper analyzes a total of 861 endolymphatic-mastoid shunt procedures (ELS) during 12 years. The review of long-term results following surgery for patients with intractable Meniére's disease indicates that ELS often provides temporary remission of severe disabling symptoms. Overall results, according to AAOO criteria, showed long-term vertigo control in 71.90% of cases. Using AAO-HNS guidelines, vertigo was completely or substantially controlled in 85.89% of the cases. In addition, hearing gains were frequently sustained and hearing deterioration often prevented over the years. A positive dehydration test and/or fluctuating hearing indicate a greater likelihood of hearing improvement after surgery. Furthermore, these findings augment our previous studies that comparable results can be obtained regardless of method employed. Thus, ELS is still indicated as a primary choice of surgical treatment when surgery is mandatory. Finally, there seem to be chronological peaks of recurrence of symptoms at about 2 years and again at 6 or more years after ELS. This not only accentuates the efficacy of revision surgery, but opens new areas of investigation into the underlying etiology of this elusive disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Analysis of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in nude mouse-passaged nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues.

DNAs extracted from two series of nude mouse-passaged nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues, NPC-295 and -306, and P3HR1 cells were digested with restriction enzyme Bam HI, then electrophoresed on agarose gel and analysed for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA fragments by Southern hybridization with 27 radioactive Bam HI DNA fragments and the Eco RI Dhet DNA fragment from cloned EBV DNA of B95-8 cell line. Constant hybridization patterns were revealed in these experiments and the results suggest a stable existence of EBV DNA including replicative form and episomal form in these tissues even after a long time of passage. Neither deletion in YH region nor in I region could be detected when using Bam HI Y, H and I as probes, suggesting the EBV in these tissues are "more complete" viruses. When Bam HI F was used as a probe, an extra Bam HI site was revealed in the analysis of the DNA from NPC-295 suggesting the polymorphism of DNA present in this region. Restriction maps of EBV DNAs in both nude mouse-passaged NPC tissues are proposed. The results suggest that nude mouse-passaged NPC tissue is a good model to study the structure of EBV DNA in tumor tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Acute esophageal ulcer with massive bleeding: an unusual complication of uremic patient during hemodialysis.

Inflammatory mucosal changes of upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract including stomach and duodenum are well documented in uremic patients and assumed to be the major source of upper GI bleeding. However, acute esophageal ulcer which causes massive bleeding on hemodialysis is rare. Herewith a case is reported. A 28-year-old male uremic patient had a sudden onset of hematemesis on hemodialysis. Urgent endoscopy revealed an acute mucosal lesion with bleeding at the upper and middle third esophagus. It was demonstrated by esophageal biopsy. The patient had taken some pepper one day before and was choked during hemodialysis. This special condition is suggested to induce the acute esophageal ulcer and bleeding.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effects of linolenic acid on the canine heart.

Disturbances in lipid metabolism have been observed during the early phase of acute myocardial ischemia. Accumulation of fatty acids in and around the ischemic cardiac cells has been implicated to play a role in both contractile and electrophysiological abnormalities. Linolenic acid is an essential fatty acid and constitutes the phospholipid moiety of the cell membrane. The purpose of this work was to study the effects of linolenic acid on the heart using canine preparations. A direct left atrial injection was used as the route of administration because intravenous injections of linolenic acid inevitably cause pulmonary edema. A surface lead electrocardiogram (ECG), an epicardial electrogram, femoral arterial pressure, left ventricular pressure and its time derivative (dp/dt) were recorded before and after drug administration. Various dosages of linolenic acid (1 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg and 60 mg/kg) and a control buffer solution were tested. The results showed that linolenic acid has a potent dose-dependent bradycardic and myocardial depression effect starting from a dose of 5 mg/kg (delta HR = -20.1 +/- 4.0 bpm, delta dp/dt = 364.3 +/- 66.0 mmHg, sec-1, p less than 0.01 vs. control). At a high dose of 30 mg/kg, linolenic acid induced premature ventricular complexes. Furthermore, ventricular tachycardia was observed in 5 of the 8 dogs (62.5%) receiving the high dose of 60 mg/kg. We conclude that linolenic acid has profound effects on the canine heart; at a low dose, it causes bradycardia and myocardial depression, while at a high dose, it also produces ventricular irritability.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of cranial irradiation on hypothalamus-pituitary function: follow-up study one year after radiotherapy.

Hypothalamic pituitary functions were studied in 24 patients before, 6 months after and 1 year after cranial irradiation with or without radiosensitizing chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The estimated average total dose was 5,000 cGy to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The radiosensitizing chemotherapy used was endoxan, 4,900 +/- 873 mg (mean +/- SD) and/or methotrexate, 113 +/- 30 mg. All patients had normal pituitary function before radiotherapy. There was a progressive increase in baseline serum thyrotropin (TSH) after radiotherapy. The basal serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was significantly increased 6 months after radiotherapy and remained so at 1 year after radiotherapy. The TSH response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) also progressively increased after radiotherapy, suggesting primary hypothyroidism due to neck irradiation. The peak serum TSH response to TRH became delayed after radiotherapy, suggesting a defect in TRH release. In male patients who did not receive chemotherapy, the LH response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) decreased after radiotherapy. After an initial rise in the FSH response to LHRH 6 months after radiotherapy, there was a reduction in the FSH response at 1 year. This suggests a defect in LHRH pulsatile release. However, in male patients who received radiosensitizing chemotherapy, both the FSH and LH responses to LHRH had declined at 1 year after radiotherapy, as compared with their responses at 6 months. However, these were still higher than those obtained before radiotherapy. This suggests further GnRH neuron damage, which was previously masked by chemotherapy-induced primary hypogonadism. The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) response to ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) had not changed further at 1 year after radiotherapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A comparative study of gastric histopathology after partial gastrectomy between the gastroenterostomy area and gastric body.

One hundred and thirty partially gastrectomized subjects, who had been operated on for benign peptic ulcers, were studied to assess the histologic changes in the remaining gastric mucosa and its implications for gastric carcinogenesis. Endoscopic examination and multiple mucosal biopsies from the gastroenterostomy area and gastric body were compared histopathologically. Gastric carcinoma was found in two instances among these 130 patients, making a prevalence rate of 1.5% for carcinoma in the residual stomach. Chronic atrophic gastritis and pseudopyloric metaplasia were found to have developed more often in the gastroenterostomy mucosa than in the gastric body mucosa (p less than 0.001). The mean value of the gastritis score for gastroenterostomy mucosa (2.7 +/- 1.3) was statistically higher than that for the gastric body (2.1 +/- 1.0; p less than 0.001). The degree and types of histologic alteration in the gastric mucosa were also affected by the type of operation and by the postoperative duration. The mean value of the gastritis score and the frequency of pseudopyloric metaplasia, whether in the gastroenterostomy area and/or at the gastric body, were higher in Billroth II resections than in Billroth I resections. The gastritis score and the frequency of pseudopyloric metaplasia increased as the postoperative period increased. However, in the same postoperative period, the mean values of the gastritis score and the frequency of pseudopyloric metaplasia were higher in the gastroenterostomy mucosa than in the gastric body. Gastric dysplasia was more common in the gastroenterostomy area than in the gastric body. Patients who had received a Billroth II resection and those with a longer postoperative period had a higher frequency of gastric dysplasia.

Female↗
PubMed1991

von Recklinghausen's disease with involvement of right parapharyngeal space: report of a case.

A 42-year-old patient of von Recklinghausen's disease suffered from odynophagia, trismus and prominent gag reflex for seven months. Physical examination revealed a firm, nonpulsatile submucosal mass in the right oropharynx. CT scan showed a huge, well-defined mass in the right parapharyngeal space and intracranial involvement was excluded. Pathological examination of the tumor after surgical excision demonstrated a neurofibroma about 7.5 x 4 x 3 cm in size, which was consistent with skin neurofibroma. After surgery the patient was free from the initial complaints and has remained well to the present. von Recklinghausen's disease, also known as neurofibromatosis type I, is characterized by numerous skin neurofibromas, cafe-au-lait spots, etc. It has quite diverse complications occurring in the head and neck region. Parapharyngeal space neurofibroma is one of the rare complications of neurofibromatosis type I, occurring in less than 5% of all parapharyngeal space neoplasia.

Adult↗