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Biomedical subjects

T Rowland

Publications and source records attributed to T Rowland.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Cardiac effects of a competitive road race in trained child runners.

BACKGROUND: Animal studies and investigations of adult endurance athletes indicate a transient depression of myocardial function after prolonged high-intensity exercise. PURPOSE: To determine whether a similar decrease is observed in child distance runners after a 4-km competitive road race. METHODS: Anthropometric measures, resting M-mode echocardiograms, maximal cycle exercise tests with estimation of cardiac output, and electrocardiograms were performed before a 4-km road race in nine run-trained boys (mean age, 12.2 years). Weight and resting echocardiogram and electrocardiogram were assessed immediately after the race. The entire test battery was repeated 24 hours later. RESULTS: Small but significant decreases in mean body weight and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension were observed immediately after the race, but there were no changes in shortening fraction. These findings are consistent with the effects of dehydration. Measurements returned to prerace values by 24 hours of recovery. Peak work capacity, maximal stroke volume, and maximal cardiac output were similar on prerace and 24-hour-postrace testing. No electrocardiographic abnormalities were observed. CONCLUSIONS: No adverse cardiac effects were observed from a competitive 4-km road race in male child distance runners.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Autoantibody to heat-shock protein 90 can mediate protection against systemic candidosis.

Epitope mapping shows that patients recovering from systemic infection with Candida albicans produce antibodies against both fungal-specific and conserved epitopes of the heat-shock protein (hsp) 90. In a mouse model of systemic candidosis, mortality was halved by prior administration of sera from two infected patients containing antibodies to hsp 90. One of these patients had no other candidal antibodies detectable on immunoblotting. The protective effect was mediated by the immunoglobulin fraction of the immune serum. It was not observed with a normal human serum. A mouse monoclonal antibody raised against one of the conserved peptide epitopes suggested that an autoantibody to hsp 90 could mediate protection against systemic candidosis in the animal model.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The Massachusetts Poison Control System.

State and federal law provided the impetus to develop a coordinated statewide poison system in Massachusetts. To achieve this objective the Commissioner of the Department of Public Health established a Statewide Poison Committee, composed of poison control representatives, physicians, nurses, and pharmacists. After a year of regular meetings, a structure for a statewide poison system was developed, meetings, a structure for a statewide poison system was developed, and as January 1978 this System has been operational in Massachusetts. The structure is based on the Department of Public Health contracting with an incorporated institution to implement the Statewide System, which consists of one information center available to the public and professionals as well as a network of all 112 acute care hospitals in the State as "member institutions." Educational institutions" are further designated with a responsibility of professional and public education in various geographic areas throughout the State. The System is responsible for providing comprehensive poison information, treatment, public education, professional education, data collection, and research. A senior Advisory Board representing institutions with major contributions to the System as well as a Coordinating Committee representing diverse geographic and professional interests serve in an advisory capacity to the System. Funding is broad-based and includes federal, state, and private institutional support.

Health Education↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Normalization of maximal cardiovascular variables for body size in premenarcheal girls.

Previous studies have indicated the importance of allometric scaling of VO2max for body size. However, no information is available on adjusting maximal cardiac output (Qmax) and stroke volume (SVmax) for body dimensions. The allometric exponent b was determined for the equation Y = aXb (where Y is the physiological outcome and X is the anthropometric variable) for VO2max, Qmax, and SVmax relative to mass, height, and body surface area (BSA) in 24 premenarcheal girls (mean age 12.2 years) during cycle testing. Values for b were 1.08 and 1.05 for BSA relative to Qmax and SVmax, approximating that of 1.0 using the traditional ratio standard (cardiac index and stroke index). Exponents of body mass relative to VO2max, Qmax, and SVmax (0.55, 0.55, and 0.59, respectively) eliminated the effects of body size, but the ratio standard (M1.0) did not. In this group of subjects, use of the ratio standard BSA was an appropriate means of adjusting maximal values of Q and SV for body size.

Body Constitution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neural network applications in physical medicine and rehabilitation.

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of neural networks and their applications in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Conventional statistical models may present certain limitations that can be overcome by neural networks. We show what neural networks are, how they "learn" regularities from the data, and how they can classify previously unseen cases. We present advantages and disadvantages of using neural networks and compare them with regression models. We explain how neural networks can be used as statistical tools for making inferences using the example of a prognostic model that predicts ambulation after spinal cord injury.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rough sets: a knowledge discovery technique for multifactorial medical outcomes.

Rough sets is a fairly new and promising technique for data mining and knowledge discovery from databases. This tutorial article presents the fundamentals of rough set theory in a nontechnical manner and outlines how the technique can be used to extract minimal if-then rules from tables of empirical data that either fully or approximately describe given example classifications. An example application for prediction of ambulation for patients with spinal cord injury is given. Because such rules are readily interpretable, they can be inspected to yield possible new insight into how various contributing factors interact and, thus, serve as hypothesis generators for further research. Additionally, the set of mined rules may function as a classifier of new, unseen cases.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Heartfelt support.

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Diet↗