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Biomedical subjects

T Roth

Publications and source records attributed to T Roth.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The efficacy of triazolam and chloral hydrate in geriatric insomniacs.

A double-blind crossover study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of hypnotics in geriatric insomniacs. Twenty-seven patients with a mean age of 70 years (range 60-94 years) received each of five treatments on 5 consecutive nights. The treatment conditions, consisting of chloral hydrate 250 and 500 mg, triazolam 0.25 and 0.50 mg, and placebo, were administered using a Latin Square design. Subjective estimates of sleep were collected in the morning following each treatment night. The patients' global evaluation of effectiveness indicated that triazolam 0.25 mg and 0.50 mg improved sleep more than placebo, while chloral hydrate 250 and 500 mg were not better than placebo. Triazolam 0.50 mg was felt to be significantly better than either dose of chloral hydrate. In addition, triazolam 0.50 mg was found to significantly decrease the patients' estimates of their sleep latency. Patients estimated their total sleep time to be longer following the use of triazolam 0.25 mg as compared to choral hydrate 500 mg, and their estimates of the number of awakenings was significantly lower on triazolam 0.50 mg than it was on chloral hydrate 500 mg or placebo.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Exacerbation of upper-airway sleep apnea by lymphocytic lymphoma.

A 55-year-old obese man was evaluated for excessive daytime sleepiness and found to have upper-airway sleep apnea. Evaluation discovered a lymphocytic lymphoma with head and neck involvement. Treatment of the lymphoma resulted in improvement in the sleep apnea and the sleepiness.

Head and Neck Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

The differential effects of short- and long-acting benzodiazepines upon nocturnal sleep and daytime performance.

Hypnotic drugs are the most frequent medical intervention for providing symptomatic relief of insomnia. Both effective amelioration of the insomnia complaint and the minimization of residual effects upon daytime performance must be considered in the selection of these medications. Data are presented here which compare the effects of short- and long-acting benzodiazepines upon sleep and upon waking performance. Unlike short-acting hypnotics with half-lives of up to 10 h (lorazepam, triazolam and temazepam), long-acting hypnotics with half-lives of up to 100 h (flurazepam, ketazolam) produce suppression of both REM and Stage 3--4 sleep which persists during the drug withdrawal (recovery) period. The half-life of hypnotics is also directly related to the duration of residual effects upon daytime performance. Hypnotics with long half-lives (flurazepam) produce more prolonged performance decrements than hypnotics with short half-lives (temazepam). In insomniacs, both effects upon sleep and upon walking performance must be considered in the selection of a hypnotic.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effects of temazepam, flurazepam and quinalbarbitone on sleep: psychomotor and cognitive function.

1 The effect of temazepam 15 and 30 mg, flurazepam 15 and 30 mg, quinalbarbitone 100 and 200 mg and placebo were studied in 14 healthy male volunteers according to a Latin-square design. At 14-d intervals subjects received capsules 30 min before bedtime on 2 consecutive nights and were evaluated for objective sleep characteristics, for morning estimates of sleep characteristics, and for cognitive and psychomotive performance and subjective state at 3.5, 10.0 and 22.5 h after ingestion. 2 Changes in sleep induction and sleep maintenance were observed with temazepam 30 mg and flurazepam 30 mg had the greater effect on cognitive performance, whereas quinalbarbitone 20 mg had the greater effect on psychomotive performance. Subjective assessments of alertness were most affected by flurazepam, and by quinalbarbitone 200 mg. 4 The results suggest that temazepam produces less residual effects and is shorter acting than quinalbarbitone and flurazepam.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The effect of a single dose of quazepam (Sch-16134) on the sleep of chronic insomniacs.

The present study evaluated the efficacy of 25 mg of quazepam, a new benzodiazepine hypnotic, in a population of chronic insomniacs. The results indicate that a single dose (25 mg) administered for one night was efficacious when measured both objectively by polysomnographic recording and subjectively by questionnaire with no reported side-effects. The change in the objective measures paralleled the direction of change in subjective measures. Sleep efficiency and sleep maintenance were improved without EEG changes in Stages 2, 3-4, and REM. Further study is needed to evaluate the effects of chronic administration of different doses of quazepam in chronic insomniacs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Narcolepsy and automatic behavior: a case report.

Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy, which may be accompanied by hypnogogic or hypnopompic hallucinations and sleep paralysis. Automatic behavior is a relatively newly recognized symptom of the narcolepsy syndrome. This case report describes a particularly troublesome sort of automatic behavior--shoplifting--in a narcoleptic patient. It illustrates how a sleep-laboratory evaluation was used to confirm the diagnosis of narcolepsy and considers aspects of the treatment of the problem.

Automatism↗
PubMed1976

Do dreams have meaning? An empirical inquiry.

Three judges attempted to sort randomly selected dreams of normal college students and schizophrenic patients according to dreamer, night of occurrence, and sequential order within a night. Sorting was successful at statistically significant levels (which differed for the two groups) for all but the third task. The authors conclude that dreams are, as depth psychologists have assumed, orderly nonrandom events and that they reflect day-to-day changes in the life of an individual. They note that further work is needed to determine whether there is order among dreams of a given night.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Intermediate use of triazolam: a sleep laboratory study.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the intermediate effects of triazolam 0-5 mg on the sleep of insomniac patients. The results showed that triazolam is effective in inducing and maintaining sleep without producing any major effects on sleep staging. Triazolam did not lead to significant subjective complaints or any deterioration in the physical condition of the patients. The effectiveness of traizolam did not vary over a two-week period.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Dreams and dementia: a laboratory exploration of dream recall and dream content in chronic brain syndrome patients.

Seventeen (seven mild and ten severe) chronic brain syndrome patients were testes in the sleep laboratory for dream recall and content. The mildly organic patients had 57 per cent recall while the severely organic patients had 35 per cent recall. We also studied four aged severely organic patients. These patients showed a recall rate of 8 per cent. The difference between the recall rates in mildly and severely organic middle-aged patients was not statistically significant. The difference between the recall rates of the aged severely organic patients and either or both of the middle-aged groups was statistically significant (p smaller than .001). In addition, we found dream content differences between the mildly and severely organic middle-aged groups and between the combined group and normal young men.

Age Factors↗