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Biomedical subjects

T Rosen

Publications and source records attributed to T Rosen.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Prevalence of Trichosporon beigelii. Colonization of normal perigenital skin.

Although the natural habitat of Trichosporon species is considered to be the soil, the role of normal skin in the carriage of Trichosporon beigelii is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of T. beigelii colonization on normal perigenital skin. Inguinal skin scrapings were obtained from 322 asymptomatic volunteers. There were 261 males and 61 females ranging in age from 18 to 89; 136 were white, 134 were black, and 52 were Hispanic. Specimens were cultured on Sabouraud's glucose agar containing 500 micrograms ml-1 chloramphenicol, and incubated at 23-26 degrees C for up to 4 weeks. The overall incidence of T. beigelii colonization was 12.4%. However, this varied with patient's age, sex, race and socioeconomic background. The highest prevalence (27.1%) was found in black males who attended a Veterans Affairs hospital. The prevalence was lowest in females (1.6%), and no patients who attended a private clinic were colonized. It was concluded that T. beigelii colonizes normal skin with some regularity.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Naftifine treatment of resistant dermatophytosis.

Despite an array of topical and systemic antifungal agents, cases of resistant dermatophytosis still exist. Use of naftifine, the first commercially available allylamine derivative, proved successful in the management of four such cases.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1991

Naftifine treatment of trichomycosis pubis.

Naftifine hydrochloride 1% cream is a recently developed material of proven efficacy in superficial cutaneous fungal infections. The drug has also been reported to have significant antibacterial properties as well. A case of trichomycosis pubis, a bacterial disorder that can easily be mistaken for several fungal diseases, responded to application of naftifine cream. The authors suggest that this medication may be the drug of choice when the clinical presentation consists of nodules encircling pubic or axillary hair.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

"Superficially speaking"--a dermatology quiz.

This presentation is a dermatology case in quiz form with a 4-point differential. The patient, a 44-year-old man admitted to Psychiatry Service for management of chronic psychosis, was noted to have multiple, circular, well-circumscribed violaceous cutaneous plaques resembling various dermatological conditions. This case underscores the importance of careful historical, clinical, and laboratory investigation to establish the correct diagnosis when evaluating skin lesions. Judicious laboratory testing may be helpful in excluding diseases such as syphilis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, which may mimic other dermatological conditions. Test your clinical acumen by deciding on a diagnosis. The correct answer is revealed in the discussion.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Cultural diagnosis of chancroid.

Culture of Haemophilus ducreyi remains the definitive way to diagnose chancroid. Since its discovery in 1889, cultural isolation of this fastidious organism has been a challenge for clinicians and microbiologists. A recent chancroid epidemic in our locale prompted a review of available culture techniques. Despite the development of various selective solid media in the last 20 years, cultural diagnosis of chancroid remains problematic. Many pitfalls may complicate this procedure, such as concomitant syphilis, syphilis, or herpes progenitalis simulating chancroid, strain differences in nutritional requirements, improper handling and delayed inoculation of clinical specimens, use of suboptimal growth conditions, and vancomycin hydrochloride-sensitive organisms. Highest cultural yield will be obtained by using enriched gonococcal agar base and enriched Müeller-Hinton agar in a biplate fashion. As most isolates are sensitive to vancomycin, incorporation of this antibiotic should be routine. However, screening for vancomycin-sensitive organisms is indicated when negative cultures are repeatedly obtained from clinically typical cases originating from the same community. Development of immunodiagnostic and DNA probe tests is underway.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1991

Cutaneous larva migrans due to Pelodera strongyloides.

A twenty-year-old landscape worker was evaluated for a widespread cutaneous eruption consisting of papules, pustules, and burrows. Cutaneous scrapings revealed live and dead larvae of a free-living soil nematode, Pelodera strongyloides. This is the third instance of human dermatitis due to this organism, and the first reported in an adult host.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents.

In summary, the last decade has been a highly fertile and productive period in quinolone medicinal chemistry, resulting in major improvements in potency, antibacterial spectra, oral absorption and pharmacokinetic properties as well as an increased knowledge of the molecular features important to conferring these various properties. Very recent discoveries concerning replacements for the 3-carboxylic acid moiety, previously thought to be uniquely essential for activity, to give highly potent antibacterials such as (83) illustrate the potential for new breakthroughs in this field. Among the major goals for future research remains the understanding of the potential cartilage toxicity associated with this class of agents, such that an agent useful for pediatric indications may be developed. Future studies can also be expected to further enhance and refine the level of current insight into the manner by which these agents inhibit the target enzyme on a molecular level.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1990

Thiazole as a carbonyl bioisostere. A novel class of highly potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.

A novel structural class of highly potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists is described. The compounds in this new series contain a thiazole moiety linking an aromatic group and a nitrogen-containing basic region; the thiazole group appears to be acting as a carbonyl bioisostere in this system. An optimized member of this series, 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-[[4(5)-methyl-5(4)-imidazolyl]methyl]thiazole (5), exhibits oral activity in the Bezold-Jarisch reflex paradigm comparable to or better than the standard agents ondansetron (1) and ICS-205-930 (2). Several of the structure-activity relationships are rationalized in terms of a computer pharmacophore model for 5-HT3 receptor binding.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

An initial three-component pharmacophore for specific serotonin-3 receptor ligands.

With computer modeling, an initial three-component pharmacophore for specific 5-HT3 receptor ligands ICS-205-930 (1), ondansetron (2), zacopride (3), and 3-[2-(guanidinylmethyl)-4-thiazolyl]indol (4) has been identified. Two parts represent electrostatic interactions, one as a hydrogen-bond-donating interaction and the other as a hydrogen-bond-accepting interaction. The third part is represented by a plane in which the lipophilic aromatic groups align. The generation of the pharmacophore relies on the interactions of these ligands with probe atoms representative of a possible hydrogen-bond donor or hydrogen-bond acceptor within the receptor. A carboxylate oxygen was used as a hydrogen-bond-accepting probe and a serine-like hydroxyl was utilized as a hydrogen-bond-donating probe.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Synthesis, in vitro binding profile, and central nervous system penetrability of the highly potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist [3H]-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4(5)-methyl-5(4)-imidazolylmethyl]thiazole.

4-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-2-[4(5)-methyl-5(4)-imidazolylmethyl]thiazole (5) is a highly potent member of a structurally novel series of selective serotonin-3 receptor antagonists. The synthesis of tritiated 5 and its binding profile in neuroblastoma-glioma 108-15 cells are described. Furthermore, in vivo studies in rat with this radioligand indicate that it effectively penetrates the blood-brain barrier upon peripheral administration. Thus, 5 should be a useful pharmacological tool for both in vitro and in vivo studies of this class of compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Caterpillar dermatitis.

Lepidopterism is the term used to describe the aggregate adverse medical effects resulting from contact with adult or larval forms of butterflies and moths. Histamine, histamine-releasing substances, kinin activators, and other as yet undefined proteins are responsible for cutaneous, cardiovascular, neurologic, and constitutional signs and symptoms of lepidopterism. Insect venom is likely injected into the skin through specialized caterpillar hairs when contact occurs with the insect (or vegetation laden with insect debris). Mild cases of lepidopterism will resolve spontaneously; systemic corticosteroids may aid in the treatment of more serious cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Chancroid: results from an outbreak in Houston, Texas.

A recent (and continuing) epidemic of chancroid in Houston has included morphologic variation in the disease, including so-called dwarf, classic, giant, transient, follicular, phagedenic, and pseudogranuloma inguinale types. Most cases were clearly acquired by unprotected sexual encounters with local prostitutes. The strain of Haemophilus ducreyi responsible for this outbreak was relatively easily cultured on routine media; unexpected sensitivity of this strain to vancomycin rendered the recommended "selective" growth medium much less optimal for isolation. Therapeutic success uniformly followed the use of intramuscular ceftriaxone sodium; one case responded to oral ciprofloxacin hydrochloride.

Administration, Oral↗