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Biomedical subjects

T Roehrs

Publications and source records attributed to T Roehrs.

119 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Relationship of psychopathology to insomnia in the elderly.

Three groups of 18 volunteers each (nine men and nine women) were selected on the basis of age and the response to a sleep status questionnaire. Younger subjects (mean age, 43.8 years) who complained of difficulty in falling asleep or in staying asleep or of awakening too early were compared for evidence of psychopathologic signs with older subjects (mean age, 68.5 years) who had sleep-related complaints and with older subjects (mean age, 71.3 years) who did not have sleep-related complaints. Older subjects with insomnia complained more frequently of having trouble staying asleep and of awakening too early (P less than 0.05), whereas the younger subjects with insomnia complained primarily about difficulty in falling asleep (P less than 0.005). On a short form of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-168), the number of elevated scores indicating pathologic disturbances (T score less than 70) was higher (p less than 0.05) for the younger subjects with insomnia (2.5 high scores) than for older subjects with insomnia (0.7 high scores) or for older normal sleepers (0.4 high scores). These results imply that although in younger persons psychopathologic disorders are associated with insomnia, psychopathic disorders usually are not the cause of insomnia in the elderly.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

The effects of doxepin HCl on sleep and depression.

The effects of doxepin hydrochloride (Adapin) on sleep and depression were evaluated in nine depressed patients with documented sleep difficulties. All subjects were screened for depression on the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale. Sleep disturbance was measured by all-night polysomnography. Doxepin in doses of 75 and 150 mg/day significantly improved sleep efficiency, as evidenced by decreased sleep latency and increased total sleep time. After 2 weeks of treatment, REM latency and percent REM time were dramatically changed. Maximal improvement in depression occurred after 2 weeks of doxepin therapy and at the 150 mg dose.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Drug self-administration and sleep-awake activity in rats dependent on morphine, methadone, or l-alpha-acetylmethadol.

Morphine post-dependent rats were prepared with chronic cortical EEG and temporalis muscle EMG electrodes and i.v. jugular cannulae and permitted to self-administer morphine (10 mg/kg/injection) on a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement to reestablish and maintain dependence. Morphine was then replaced by methadone or 1-alpha-acetyl-methadol (LAAM) at a dose of 2 and 1 mg/kg, respectively. The rats developed stable patterns of self-administration of each narcotic and maintained the dependent state. The mean (+/- S.E.) interinjection interval was 2.5 +/- 0.1 h for morphine, 1.4 +/- 0.1 h for methadone and 8.8 +- 0.8 H FOR LAAM. The distribution of sleep, REM sleep, and awake within the interinjection interval for the three narcotics was similar. A short phase of behavioral stupor concomitant with EEG slow bursts emerged following the self-injections. This phase was followed by arousal with EEG activation. Sleep and REM sleep then reappeared and predominated before the next injection. LAAM manifested a relatively slow onset of action in comparison with morphine and methadone.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Acquisition of schedule-induced polydipsia in rats with no prior drinking experience.

Three litters of 10 rat pups each were reared on Purina laboratory chow and either (1) continuous access to water, (2) access to both water and lettuce until weaning at 21 days and then only lettuce, or (3) continuous access to lettuce. At 100 days all rats were reduced to 80% free feeding weight and tested for polydipsia. During 15 sessions of polydipsia testing, excessive postpellet drinking developed in all groups to 45 mg Noyes pellets delivered on a fixed-time 1 min schedule. No significant differences in water intake over sessions were found among groups. It was concluded that schedule-induced polydipsia does not represent an exaggeration of a learned prandial drinking pattern, but rather an exaggeration of an inborn prandial drinking reflex.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The perception of sleep as a function of the level of daytime sleepiness among patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Subjective estimates of sleep onset among patients with a variety of sleep disorders have been shown to be inaccurate. This inability in perceiving sleep onset is potentially dangerous for this population, in particular, for individuals who are required to drive long distances or operate heavy machinery as part of their daily activities. This study evaluated the perception of sleep among 237 consecutive patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea. Patients completed an overnight sleep-laboratory evaluation followed by an objective evaluation of sleep propensity. The latter was done using the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). Patients with an accurate perception of having slept on the MSLT were found to have shorter sleep latencies when compared with those with an inaccurate perception of their sleep. The results of this study suggest that the rapidity with which sleep is manifested is an important contributor to the accurate perception of sleep.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alexithymia and polysomnographic measures of sleep in healthy adults.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined associations between alexithymia and objective characteristics of sleep (latencies, stages, and amount and patterning of REM sleep) that may contribute to subjective reports of poor sleep quality and impaired dream recall among alexithymic people. METHODS: Fifty healthy, normally sleeping adults from the community completed the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale and slept uninterrupted for one night in the laboratory while polysomnography was conducted. Various measures of sleep latency, sleep stages, and REM sleep-related variables were obtained, and analyses correlated these sleep measures with alexithymia, controlling for age, sex, and level of depressed affect. RESULTS: Higher alexithymia scores were significantly related to increased stage 1 (light) sleep and decreased stage 3/4 (deep) sleep. Alexithymia was unrelated to overall sleep efficiency or percentage of stage 2 sleep. Alexithymia was related to more frequent REM episodes and more stage 1 sleep during and immediately after REM episodes but was unrelated to the absolute amount of REM sleep. Alexithymia was also related to an earlier onset of the first REM episode. CONCLUSIONS: Alexithymia is associated with more light sleep and less deep sleep, which may contribute to subjective reports of poor sleep and increased sleepiness, fatigue, and somatic symptoms. Although alexithymia is not associated with an overall reduction of REM sleep, the increased frequency of episodes of REM that are interrupted and followed by light sleep rather than complete awakenings may contribute to limited dream recall.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty on the daytime sleepiness associated with sleep apnea syndrome.

Pre- and post-treatment nocturnal polysomnography and multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT) were done in thirty-one patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome who underwent uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. The treatment reduced by half the frequency of apneas and hypoxemia occurring during sleep and improved the excessive daytime sleepiness, but not all patients responded similarly. Among patients classified as responders, the frequency of apnea was reduced to a level seen in healthy adults of the same age, measures of sleep approached normal, and excessive sleepiness was eliminated. In nonresponders, frequency of apneas and consequent disruption of sleep was not reduced, but hypoxemia was improved. The MSLT differentiated responders from nonresponders who showed no MSLT improvement, although 70% reported a subjective improvement in excessive sleepiness. Measures of the apneas' disruptive effect on sleep and not its hypoxemic consequences were most predictive of improvement in excessive sleepiness.

Humans↗