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Biomedical subjects

T Rayner

Publications and source records attributed to T Rayner.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

The cardiovascular protective role of docosahexaenoic acid.

Dietary fish oils rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can modulate a diverse range of factors contributing to cardiovascular disease. This study examined the relative roles of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3; DHA) which are the principal n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids regarded as candidates for cardioprotective actions. At low dietary intakes (0.4-1.1% of energy (%en)), docosahexaenoic acid but not eicosapentaenoic acid inhibited ischaemia-induced cardiac arrhythmias. At intakes of 3.9-10.0%en, docosahexaenoic acid was more effective than eicosapentaenoic acid at retarding hypertension development in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and inhibiting thromboxane-like vasoconstrictor responses in aortas from SHR. In stroke-prone SHR with established hypertension, docosahexaenoic acid (3.9-10.0%en) retarded the development of salt-loading induced proteinuria but eicosapentaenoic acid alone was ineffective. The results demonstrate that purified n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids mimic the cardiovascular actions of fish oils and imply that docosahexaenoic acid may be the principal active component conferring cardiovascular protection.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Economic aspects of screening for cervical cancer in New Zealand.

The allocation of scarce health resources to cervical screening indicates that an implicit valuation is being placed on the lives that will be saved. From a model which compares the lives saved with the costs of various screening policies, the valuation of life implied by these policies has been calculated. Screening every three years implies a valuation of life of between $86,000 and $191,000 (1984 prices), which is of a similar order of magnitude to valuations placed on life for other policy purposes. Annual screening would only be appropriate if the valuation of life is $420,000 or over. If screening is to take place at all then it should be done at least every five years. Very infrequent screening cannot be justified because the costs of screening still have to be borne, yet the frequency of detection allows a considerable development of invasive lesions between screenings.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1986

Impact of smoking on health care resource use.

This study examined a sample of almost 1000 women in terms of the impact of cigarette smoking on their experience of various physical conditions and on their use of various health care facilities. Smokers reported more frequent complaints and illness episodes than non smokers. They also made more visits to general practitioners and had more hospital admissions during the 12 months prior to the study. When age groups were examined separately, the differences were found to be more evident amongst the younger groups than the older.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The economic costs to New Zealand of lost production due to alcohol abuse.

This paper estimates the economic cost of lost production in New Zealand due to the abuse of alcohol. Four categories of lost production are examined including excess unemployment amongst abusers, decreased efficiency of abusers in the workforce, temporary withdrawal from the work force due to alcohol induced illness or accident, and permanent withdrawal from the work force due to the premature death of abusers. Assuming full employment, a 4.3% prevalence rate of alcohol abuse, and a 3 : 1 ratio of male to female abusers, the study presents estimates of costs for a range of possible abuser employment levels. The findings indicate that the cost of lost production due to alcohol abuse was between $582 million and $770 million for the 1981/82 financial year. This was equivalent to between 2% and 2.3% of GNP for that year.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Road to recovery.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗