Biomedical subjects

T Rankinen

Publications and source records attributed to T Rankinen.

80 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Oxidative stress after human exercise: effect of N-acetylcysteine supplementation.

The association between exercise intensity and related oxidative stress was investigated in nine men who exercised for 30 min at their aerobic (AeT) and anaerobic (AnaeT) thresholds. We also tested the effect of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on exercise-associated rapid blood glutathione (GSH) oxidation in subjects performing two identical maximal bicycle ergometer exercise (Max) tests. Before the second test (Max with NAC supplementation [Max(NAC)]), the men took 200 x 4 mg/day of NAC tablets for 2 days and an additional 800 mg on the test morning. Blood samples were drawn before, immediately after, and 24 h after the tests. Total and oxidized GSH levels in blood were determined. Plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and net peroxyl radical scavenging capacity (PSC) were assayed. Exercise-associated damage in leukocyte DNA was estimated by fluorometric analysis of DNA unwinding. A single bout of exercise at Max, AeT, and AnaeT resulted in a significant increase in blood GSH oxidation but did not influence net PSC of plasma. Although an association between a single bout of exercise and leukocyte DNA damage was apparent, this study suggests that the parameter may not serve as a sensitive index to assess the role of exercise intensity in the extent of exercise-associated oxidative stress. Plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances did not change after either Max or Max(NAC) tests. NAC supplementation resulted in an increase in preexercise PSC, indicating a higher net antioxidant capacity of the plasma, but did not affect blood GSH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetylcysteine↗

PubMed1994

Apolipoprotein(a), fibrinopeptide A and carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged men.

The association between apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], fibrinogen, fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was analyzed in Eastern Finnish men aged 50 to 60 years. Apo(a) correlated directly with carotid bifurcation (r = 0.26, p = 0.001), but not with common carotid IMT. Men in the lowest quartile of apo(a) had thinner (p = 0.013) IMT in bifurcation [1.59 mm (95% CI 1.49; 1.68)] compared to the men in the highest [1.91 mm (95% CI 1.73; 2.09)] apo(a) quartile. The difference remained (p = 0.038) after adjusting for confounders. Plasma fibrinogen was not related to carotid IMT, whereas FPA correlated with common carotid (r = 0.21, p = 0.016) and carotid bifurcation (r = 0.21, p = 0.018) IMT. These associations abolished after adjusting for the confounders. The data suggest that apo(a) associate with carotid atherosclerosis independent of other risk factors for ischemic cardiovascular diseases.

Anthropometry↗

PubMed1994

Relation of habitual diet and cardiorespiratory fitness to blood coagulation and fibrinolytic factors.

The relation of habitual diet and cardiorespiratory fitness to plasma fibrinogen concentration, Factor VII activity (F VIIc), Factor X activity (F X), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) concentrations, anti-thrombin III (AT III) and apolipoprotein(a) (Apo[a]) was analyzed in 111 normolipidemic men aged 51-53 years. Diet was evaluated by seven day food records. Maximal oxygen consumption and aerobic threshold were determined in maximal bicycle ergospirometry test based on breath-by-breath analysis of expired respiratory gas. Plasma fibrinogen was measured by thrombin method, F VIIc by one-stage coagulation method, AT III and F X colorimetrically, t-PA and PAI-1 antigens by ELISA and Apo(a) concentration radioimmunologically. Carbohydrate intake was negatively (r = -0.31, p < 0.001; r = -0.24, p < 0.01; r = -0.36, p < 0.001) and fat intake positively (r = 0.24, p < 0.01; r = 0.29, p < 0.001; r = 0.32, p < 0.001) related to F X, PAI-1, and t-PA, respectively. Aerobic threshold correlated negatively with fibrinogen (r = -0.33, p < 0.001) and F X (r = -0.30, p < 0.001). Fasting insulin was the strongest determinant for PAI-1 (r = 0.55, p < 0.001) and a significant positive correlate to F VIIc (r = 0.30, p < 0.001), F X (r = 0.28, p < 0.01) and t-PA (r = 0.47, p < 0.001). These data emphasize the importance that carbohydrate rich diet and cardiorespiratory fitness may have against thrombogenesis.

Aerobiosis↗

PubMed1993

Inverse relationship between physical activity and plasma fibrinogen in postmenopausal women.

The relationship between habitual physical activity and plasma level of fibrinogen was investigated in a cohort of 180 postmenopausal women, aged 60-69 years. Plasma fibrinogen was determined from prediluted plasma by adding an appropriate amount of thrombin to the sample. The time until fibrin formation occurred was measured. Physical activity during the month and year preceding the examination was assessed using self-administered questionnaires. There was a statistically significant inverse relationship between physical activity and fibrinogen (beta = -0.20; P = 0.005). For further analyses of the association between physical activity and fibrinogen the subjects were classified into three categories according to their weekly physical activity frequency: 0 to 1, 2 to 3, and 4 or more during the preceding month. The mean (S.D. [95% CI]) levels of fibrinogen from lowest to highest categories were: 3.49 (1.10 [2.99, 3.99]), 3.31 (1.52 [2.82, 3.81]), and 3.20 (2.26 [2.73, 3.67]) g/l, respectively, when age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol intake, LDL-cholesterol and estrogen use were allowed for (P = 0.021). BMI was directly associated with fibrinogen (beta = 0.30; P < 0.001), especially in the physically least active women. Smoking was directly (beta = 0.19; P = 0.006) and estrogen use inversely (beta = -0.15; P = 0.037) related to plasma fibrinogen level. The present data suggest that in postmenopausal women a low level of physical activity is associated with a high level of plasma fibrinogen.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Gradual and rapid weight loss: effects on nutrition and performance in male athletes.

We studied seven male wrestlers and three judo athletes (weight 55-93 kg) during two weight reductions. In the "gradual" procedure (GP), a 5.0 +/- 0.4% (mean +/- SEM) weight loss was achieved in 3 weeks by energy restriction. In the "rapid" procedure (RP), 6.0 +/- 0.6% of body weight was lost in 2.4 days by fluid and diet restriction and forced sweating, and followed by a 5-h "loading" (food and drinks ad libitum). The net weight loss after GP and loading was 2.7 +/- 0.5%. Protein intakes (4-d food records) during GP and RP were 71 +/- 16 and RP 56 +/- 17 g.d-1, respectively. Carbohydrate intakes were 239 +/- 56 (GP) and 182 +/- 55 g.d-1 (RP). During GP and RP, mean thiamin, magnesium, and zinc intakes were at or below the respective recommendation. Thiamin, riboflavin, potassium, iron, and zinc status, assessed from blood chemistry, remained stable during both procedures. Changes in vitamin B6 indicator (E-ASTAC) and S-magnesium concentration were different (P < 0.01) between the procedures, suggesting negative trends during GP. Sprint (30-m run) and anaerobic (1-min Wingate test) performance was similar throughout the study. Following GP, vertical jump height with extra load increased by 6-8% (P < 0.01). Jumping results were not affected by RP. Hence, < or = 5% loss in body weight by either method did not impair experienced athletes' performance.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Familial risk of high blood pressure in the Canadian population.

Familial risk ratios for high blood pressure were estimated in a representative sample of the Canadian population. The sample consisted of 14,069 participants 7-69 years of age from 5,753 families participating in the 1981 Canada Fitness Survey. Resting systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were adjusted for the effects of body mass index using regression procedures. Varying degrees of high blood pressure were defined as the 75(th), 85(th), and 95(th) percentiles of age- and sex-specific values. Age- and sex-standardized risk ratios (SRRs) were calculated comparing the prevalences in the general population to those in spouses and first-degree relatives of probands with high blood pressure. SRRs for the 95(th) percentile were, for SBP and DBP, respectively, 1.37 and 1.45 in spouses and 1.33 and 2.36 in first-degree relatives of probands. SRRs decrease with decreasing percentile cut-offs used to define high blood pressure (95(th) > 85(th) > 75(th)), and SRRs are generally higher in first-degree relatives than in spouses, particularly for DBP. The results indicate significant familial risk for high blood pressure in the Canadian population, and the pattern of SRRs suggests that genetic factors may be responsible for a portion of the risk.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Population differences in the pattern of familial aggregation for sex hormone-binding globulin and its response to exercise training: the HERITAGE Family Study.

Familial influences were investigated for baseline sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and its response (post-training minus baseline) to a 20-week endurance exercise training program. One hundred, eighty-four participants from 85 Black families in the HERITAGE Family Study (HERITAGE) were analyzed using a familial correlation model. Baseline SHBG values and the training response were adjusted for the effects of age, baseline BMI, testosterone, estradiol, and fasting insulin levels (plus baseline SHBG values for the training response) within four sex-by-generation groups prior to genetic analysis. Baseline SHBG levels were influenced by appreciable familial effects (maximum heritability h(2) = 54%) with neither spouse resemblance nor sex and generation differences in the correlations. This estimate is only slightly, but not significantly, smaller than the heritability of 64% reported previously in 428 participants from 99 White families in HERITAGE. In contrast to the modest familial effects for the training response in White participants in HERITAGE (h(2) = 25%), there were no evidence of familial resemblance in Blacks in the current study. Furthermore, there was heterogeneity for both baseline SHBG and the training response between Blacks and Whites in the pattern of familial aggregation. In conclusion, baseline SHBG levels are influenced by significant familial effects in both Blacks and Whites, independent of the effects of age, sex, and baseline values of BMI, testosterone, estradiol, and fasting insulin levels. Whereas modest familial effects were detected for the training response in Whites, the lack of similar effects in Blacks may be due to the smaller sample size.

Black People↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evidence of major genes for plasma HDL, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels at baseline and in response to 20 weeks of endurance training: the HERITAGE Family Study.

This study assessed major gene effects for baseline HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, and their training responses (post-training minus baseline) in 527 individuals from 99 White families and 326 individuals from 113 Black families in the HERITAGE Family Study. The baseline phenotypes were adjusted for the effects of age and BMI, and the training response phenotypes were adjusted for the effects of age, BMI, and their respective baseline values, within each of the sex-by-generation-by-race groups, prior to genetic analyses. In Whites, we found that LDL-C at baseline and HDL-C training response were under influence of major recessive genes (accounting for 2--30 % of the variance) and multifactorial (polygenic and familial environmental) effects. Interactions of these major genes with sex, age, and BMI were tested, and found to be nonsignificant. In Blacks, we found that baseline HDL-C was influenced by a major dominant gene without a multifactorial component. This major gene effect accounted for 45 % of the variance, and exhibited no significant genotype-specific interactions with age, sex, and BMI. Evidence of major genes for the remaining phenotypes at baseline and in response to endurance training were not found in both races, though some were influenced by major effects that did not follow Mendelian expectations or were with ambiguous transmission from parents to offspring. In summary, major gene effects that influence baseline plasma HDL-C and LDL-C levels as well as changes in HDL-C levels in response to regular exercise were detected in the current study.

Adaptation, Physiological↗