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Biomedical subjects

T R Walters

Publications and source records attributed to T R Walters.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

A non-T, non-B human leukemia cell line (NALM-1): establishment of the cell line and presence of leukemia-associated antigens.

A permanent hematopoietic cell line, designated NALM-1, was established from the peripheral blood of a patient who was in blastic crisis of Ph1-positive chronic myleocytic leukemia. By means of a panel of specific xenoantisera, the NALM-1 cells were found to express a specific antigen of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and blast leukemia-associated antigen. The cells exhibited no cell-surface receptors for sheep erythrocytes, IgG, or complement; neither cell-surface immunoglobulins nor cytoplasmic immunoglobulin were observed. Furthermore, normal T-cell or B-cell antigens, detectable by the antisera used in this study, were not found in the NALM-1 line.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1976

The definitive treatment of children with acute leukemia.

Current therapy has resulted in improved prognosis in previously untreated children with acute lymphocytic leukemia less than 16 years of age. The induction phase of chemotherapy should include the use of at least prednisone and vincristine. This combination should result in a hematologic remission in about 90 per cent of the patients. The efficacy of the addition of either L-asparaginase or daunomycin, the consolidation phase or the periodic readministration of induction drugs has not been established. Specific central nervous system treatment, early in the course of therapy, is an integral component of recently reported effective protocols. Several modalities of prophalytic central nervous system therapy have been utilized. These include cranial irradiation plus intrathecal methotrexate, craniospinal irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate alone. An encephalopathy syndrome has been reported as a complication in 10 to 66 per cent of these patients. The most effective form of central nervous system therapy, associated with the least toxicity, has not been established. Maintenance chemotherapy should include a combination of two or more drugs. Complications are numerous, and include hematopoietic depression, immunosuppression, overwhelming infections, and, possibly, the development of secondary primary cancers. In the most successful protocols maintenance chemotherapy has been administered for 3 years. Because of the potential significant toxicity there is a need to define the optimal duration of maintenance therapy. Psychological complications developing in a patient with a disease now considered a potential long term chronic illness, rather than a disease once considered universally fatal, are also discussed. The possibility of an immunologic deficiency allowing for the initial development of acute lymphocytic leukemia and the role of immunotherapy are presented. While the use of intensive combination chemotherapy and specific central nervous system prophylactic therapy have resulted in an improved prognosis in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia, because of a significant incidence of failures, a standardized single form of therapy has not been established.

Asparaginase↗
PubMed1974

Sickle cell anaemia and the NBT test.

Patients with sickle cell anaemia have an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections Previous reports of false-negative nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) tests in the presence of bacteria infection and of a faulty phagocytic response following stimulation in vitro have suggested the possibility of polymorphonuclear dysfunction in certain patients with sickle cell anaemia. In the present study an unstimulated, histochemical NBT technique was used to evaluate the test in patients with sickle cell anaemia. There was a significant difference between the results in the group of patients with infection (mean NBT-positive cells 42.7%) compared to those without infection (mean 9.4%). There was no significant correlation between the total white blood cell count, absolute number of polymorphonuclear cells, and infectious complications. These findings indicate an appropriate polymorphonuclear cell response, as evaluated by the NBT test, in patients with sickle cell anaemia and bacterial infection. The NBT test may be used as an additional parameter in the differentiation of those patients with sickle cell anaemia with bacterial infection.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy and safety of ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% and levocabastine 0.05%: a multicenter comparison in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.

This multicenter, double-masked, randomized, parallel-group study compared the efficacy and safety of ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% ophthalmic solution with levocabastine 0.05% and ketorolac tromethamine vehicle in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. One drop of ketorolac, levocabastine, or vehicle was instilled in each eye four times daily for 6 weeks. In the majority of efficacy variables, ketorolac produced the greatest improvements, followed by levocabastine and vehicle. Ketorolac was significantly more effective (P < .05) than vehicle in reducing mean itching scores, palpebral hyperemia, bulbar hyperemia, and edema. Patients treated with ketorolac reported significant improvements (P < .05) in their ability to sleep and to concentrate on work, compared with those who received vehicle. No significant differences were noted among the treatment groups in safety or tolerability. Ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% ophthalmic solution instilled four times daily is effective and safe in reducing the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy and tolerability of 0.5% timolol maleate ophthalmic gel-forming solution QD compared with 0.5% levobunolol hydrochloride BID in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

We compared the efficacy of timolol maleate ophthalmic gel-forming solution 0.5% QD with that of levobunolol hydrochloride 0.5% BID, as measured by change in intraocular pressure (IOP), effect on heart rate, and ocular tolerability. The study had a positive-controlled, double-masked, randomized, multicenter, 12-week, two-period (6 weeks each), crossover design. One hundred fifty-two patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were randomized to receive either timolol maleate gel-forming solution QD or levobunolol BID for 6 weeks, followed by a crossover to the alternate treatment. IOP and heart rate were measured at morning trough and peak during weeks 3, 6, 9, and 12. Timolol maleate gel-forming solution QD was comparable to levobunolol BID in reducing IOP at peak and trough. Although the effects on peak heart rate were similar between the two medications, the effect on trough heart rate of timolol maleate gel-forming solution QD was significantly less than that of levobunolol BID (P = 0.001). The incidence of ocular burning and stinging was comparable between the two treatments. Patients experienced significantly more blurred vision when using timolol maleate gel-forming solution than when using levobunolol (P = 0.013). Overall, more patients experienced at least one adverse event when using timolol maleate gel-forming solution. Timolol maleate gel-forming solution QD is as efficacious in reducing IOP as levobunolol BID.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗