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Biomedical subjects

T R Miller

Publications and source records attributed to T R Miller.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Smearing techniques for the concentration of particles from fine needle aspiration biopsy.

Fine needle aspiration biopsy of palpable masses yields a variety of specimens. Some are fluid, whereas others are semisolid; some contain numerous particles, whereas others contain no identifiable particulate fragments. Not surprisingly, no single smearing technique can reasonably be expected to provide good results with such a variety of specimens. This article describes a family of techniques, of which one or more are applicable to virtually any fine needle aspiration biopsy specimen. The techniques described and illustrated include the two-step, one-step, absorption, and watch-glass techniques.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiac nuclear medicine.

In this paper, the principal applications of nuclear medicine to studies of the heart are described. First, gated cardiac blood pool imaging is discussed, then thallium-201 myocardial imaging, myocardial infarct scintigraphy with 99mTc pyrophosphate, and evaluation of intracardiac shunts. In gated cardiac blood pool imaging, the patient's red blood cells are labeled with 99mTc. Images of the cardiac blood pool are then obtained in multiple projections and displayed in an endless-loop cine display. Quantitative indices of cardiac function are readily obtained, and a variety of functional images can be generated. Blood pool imaging may also be performed with use of a first-pass technique that yields similar information. Applications of blood pool imaging are discussed. The theory and techniques of planar and tomographic thallium-201 myocardial imaging are described, together with their application in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. The prognostic value of thallium imaging is also examined. Myocardial infarct imaging with 99mTc pyrophosphate is described, and clinical indications are reviewed. Left-to-right cardiac shunts can be evaluated by following the first transit of a bolus of radiopharmaceutical through the lungs. Right-to-left shunts may be evaluated by injection of 99mTc macroaggregated albumin.

Blood↗
PubMedDate not supplied

1981 Memorial Award Paper. Detectability of hepatomas in rat livers by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

NMR imaging of rats with implanted hepatomas in the liver demonstrates that under the imaging conditions of this study tumors of over 8 mm2 in area can be detected with high accuracy. Compared to normal liver, approximately 70% of these tumors had a combination of relaxation times (T1-T2) that could be uniquely identified as tumors, while the other 30% demonstrated relaxation time combinations that overlapped those previously found for abscesses, brain, and hematomas.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational illnesses within two national data sets.

To describe occupational illness data in two large data sets, two national data sets were aggregated, and the numbers, percentages, and rates of cases of occupational illnesses were determined. Job-related illness data were from Bureau of Labor Statistics documents containing Annual Survey and Census of Fatal Occupational Injury data. A severity index was created to assess the overall burden of a disease. The index multiplies the number of cases times the median days lost. Circulatory disease accounted for 85% of the deaths in the Census and at least 80% in the Annual Survey. More fatal myocardial infarctions occurred on Monday than on any other day. Low-paying occupations had the most myocardial infarctions: operators, laborers, and truck drivers; high-paying occupations had the least: executives, administrators, and managers. Carpal tunnel syndrome and hearing loss accounted for more morbidity, measured by cases and days lost, than any other illness. Persons at great risk for carpal tunnel syndrome included dental hygienists, butchers, sewing machine operators, and dentists. Mental disorders generated more morbidity than is generally acknowledged. Neurotic reactions to stress were highest in the transportation and public utility industries, as well as in finance, insurance, and real estate. Manufacturing contributed far more cases than any other industry. Industries generating significant asbestos-related deaths included construction and boat building. Ninety-three percent of all illness fatalities were among men. Few African Americans died from coal-workers' pneumoconiosis. Illness cases increased much faster than injury cases in recent years. The two data sets provide insights into the incidences and prevalences of occupational illnesses, but underestimate the burden of job-related illnesses.

Absenteeism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The cost of childhood unintentional injuries and the value of prevention.

Cost data are useful in comparing various health problems, assessing risks, setting research priorities, and selecting interventions that most efficiently reduce health burdens. Using analyses of national and state data sets, this article presents data on the frequency, costs, and quality-of-life losses associated with unintentional childhood injuries in 1996. The frequency, severity, potential for death and disability, and costs of unintentional injury make it a leading childhood health problem. Unintentional childhood injuries in 1996 resulted in an estimated $14 billion in lifetime medical spending, $1 billion in other resource costs, and $66 billion in present and future work losses. These injuries imposed quality-of-life losses equivalent to 92,400 child deaths. Since Medicaid and other government sources paid for 39% of the days children spent in hospitals due to unintentional injuries, the government has a financial interest in, and arguably a responsibility for, assuring the safety of disadvantaged children. Federal agencies, however, devote relatively few public dollars to injury prevention research and programming. Several proven child safety interventions cost less than the medical and other resource costs they save. Thus, governments, managed care companies, and third-party payers could save money by encouraging the routine use of selected child safety measures such as child safety seats, bicycle helmets, and smoke detectors. Yet, these and other proven injury prevention interventions are not universally implemented.

Accident Prevention↗
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Mast cells in the aspiration cytology differential diagnosis of adenolymphoma.

Review was undertaken of 20 cases of adenolymphoma (Warthin's tumor) of the salivary glands diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA). Smears of the aspirates from 16 of the 20 cases (80%) contained mast cells associated with monolayered sheets of oncocytes. Aspiration smears from control cases showed cells in significantly fewer instances: 10% of the cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 5% of the cases of pleomorphic adenoma and none of the cases of acinic-cell tumor, squamous-cell carcinoma and branchial cysts. Mast cells in association with oncocytes thus should be considered supportive evidence of an FNA diagnosis of adenolymphoma.

Adenolymphoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration biopsy in uveal melanoma.

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies were performed in a series of patients with uveal tumors. Cytopathologic examination established the correct diagnosis in 26 of 29 uveal melanomas. FNA biopsy was able to exclude the diagnosis of a malignant neoplasm in five nonmelanoma tumefactions. Histologic and FNA cytologic typing of melanomas as epithelioid or predominantly spindle cell showed good agreement, with the same classifications made in 14 of 18 cases. FNA biopsy specimens also proved to be adequate for DNA-content and cell-cycling studies. The cessation of cell cycling in successfully irradiated melanomas may be useful in establishing the postradiation status of tumors that have questionable growths after therapy, as was shown using FNA samples in three such cases in this study. The results of this study show that FNA biopsy is a useful diagnostic adjunct in patients with atypical lesions that require therapy.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intraocular lymphoma. Cytologic diagnosis and the role of immunologic markers.

We retrospectively reviewed the cytology and immunohistochemistry of vitreous cells from 14 patients with benign or malignant intraocular diseases. Nine patients had intraocular lymphoma and five had benign forms of diffuse uveitis. The most useful cytologic criteria for lymphoma included an irregular nuclear outline, a coarse chromatin pattern and prominent nucleoli. In several cases, it was necessary to obtain more than one specimen to establish the diagnosis of lymphoma. When vitreous fluid was mixed with a balanced salt solution prior to processing, a resulting artifact interfered with interpretation of the specimen. A diagnosis of lymphoma was established by cytology in all nine patients; immunohistochemical techniques were less sensitive than was cytology.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A step-wise logistic regression analysis of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid.

Fourteen cytologic features seen in fine needle aspirates of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid were subjected to a step-wise logistic regression analysis to determine which are predictive of papillary carcinoma. The study cases included 38 histologically proven papillary carcinomas and 54 other palpable thyroid nodules. The three most important variables in making the prediction of papillary carcinoma were intranuclear inclusions, papillary structures without vessels and cells with metaplastic cytoplasm.

Biopsy↗