Biomedical subjects

T R Kramer

Publications and source records attributed to T R Kramer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Comparison of the morphologic changes after selective laser trabeculoplasty and argon laser trabeculoplasty in human eye bank eyes.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the histopathologic changes in the human trabecular meshwork (TM) after argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) and selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) with a Q-switched, frequency-doubled, neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser. DESIGN: Human "in vitro" experimental study. TISSUE AND CONTROLS: Eight human autopsy eyes were obtained within 18 hours of death from persons aged 71 to 78 years. METHODS: The anterior segment of autopsy eyes was isolated, and one half of each trabecular meshwork underwent SLT and the other half ALT. Specimens were evaluated with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Structural changes in the TM were detected by scanning electron microscopy, and cellular or intracellular changes were seen with transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Evaluation of the TM after ALT revealed crater formation in the uveal meshwork at the junction of the pigmented and nonpigmented TM. Coagulative damage was evident at the base and along the edge of craters, with disruption of the collagen beams, fibrinous exudate, lysis of endothelial cells, and nuclear and cytoplasmic debris. Evaluation of the TM after SLT revealed no evidence of coagulative damage or disruption of the corneoscleral or uveal trabecular beam structure. Minimal evidence of mechanical damage was present after SLT, and the only ultrastructural evidence of laser tissue interaction was cracking of intracytoplasmic pigment granules and disruption of trabecular endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: SLT applied "in vitro" to the TM of human eye bank eyes seemed to cause no coagulative damage and less structural damage to the human TM when compared with ALT and, therefore, may be a safer and more repeatable procedure.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Effect of beta-carotene supplementation and lactation on carotenoid metabolism and mitogenic T lymphocyte proliferation.

BACKGROUND: Information is lacking regarding the effects of beta-carotene supplementation, early lactation, or both on circulating carotenoid concentrations and T lymphocyte proliferation. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effects of short-term beta-carotene supplementation (30 mg/d for 28 d) during early lactation (days 4-32 postpartum) on circulating carotenoid concentrations and on the T lymphocyte proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin. DESIGN: Subjects aged 19-39 y were paired [lactating (4 d postpartum) and nonlactating (never pregnant, healthy women)] and randomly assigned to receive either beta-carotene or a placebo. During the study, subjects provided eight 24-h food records for analysis with the NUTRITIONIST IV and US Department of Agriculture carotenoid databases. Nonfasting blood samples were collected at baseline and at 28 d. Plasma analysis included quantification of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene, retinol, and alpha-tocopherol, complete differential blood cell counts, and lymphocyte proliferative activity. RESULTS: beta-Carotene supplementation increased beta-carotene (P < 0.001) and alpha-carotene (P < 0.05) concentrations but did not affect lycopene concentrations significantly. Supplemented women showed significant decreases in plasma lutein (P < 0.03), as did lactating subjects (P < 0.02). Neither lactation nor beta-carotene supplementation affected the T lymphocyte proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that beta-carotene supplementation as well as some events related to parturition, initiation of lactation, or both alter circulating concentrations of lutein. beta-Carotene supplementation does not enhance T lymphocyte immune competence in healthy women.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Measurement of T-lymphocyte responses in whole-blood cultures using newly synthesized DNA and ATP.

The proliferative response is most frequently determined by estimating the amount of [(3)H]thymidine incorporated into newly synthesized DNA. The [(3)H]thymidine procedure requires the use of radioisotopes as well as lengthy periods of incubation (>72 h). An alternative method of assessing T-lymphocyte activation in whole-blood cultures involves the measurement of the nucleotide ATP instead of [(3)H]thymidine incorporation. In addition, the Luminetics assay of T-cell activation measures specific T-lymphocyte subset responses through the use of paramagnetic particles coated with monoclonal antibodies against CD antigens. This assay permits rapid (24 h) analysis of lymphocyte subset activation responses to mitogens and recall antigens in small amounts of blood.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1999

Soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels and cervical neoplasia: results from a population-based case-control study in Costa Rica.

Progression from infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) to cervical cancer in some women is thought to involve a permissive host environment, one in which immune response is mobilized in an inappropriate manner. In a previous study (A. Hildesheim et al., Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev., 6: 807-813, 1997), increasing levels of soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R), a known proxy for general immune activation, was found to be positively associated with increasing levels of cervical neoplasia. We attempted to confirm this finding by conducting a nested case-control study of 478 women within a 10,000-woman population-based cohort in Costa Rica. We selected for the study all of the women diagnosed (at enrollment into the cohort) with: (a) low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL, n = 191); (b) high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL, n = 130); or (c) cancer (n = 37). Controls were 120 cytologically normal, HPV-negative women selected from a random sample of the entire cohort. A questionnaire was administered to participants to elicit information on cervical cancer risk factors. All of the women received a pelvic examination during which cervical cells were collected and used for HPV DNA testing by PCR. Blood samples were also collected. Plasma obtained from the blood samples was tested for sIL-2R levels by ELISA. Results indicated that sIL-2R levels increased with age. Among controls, we observed that 44.3% of women over the age of 50 had high levels of sIL-2R (defined as >735 units/ml) compared with 15.8% of women <30 years of age (P = 0.008). When women with cervical disease (LSIL+) were compared with controls, women in the upper quartile of the sIL-2R distribution had an age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.1 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-4.1]. Comparing each advancing state of neoplasia with its precursor, we found that women with LSIL had higher sIL-2R levels than controls (OR for upper quartile of sIL-2R, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1-5.2; comparing LSIL cases with controls); women diagnosed with HSIL were similar to the LSIL group (OR for upper quartile of sIL-2R, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.5-2.4; comparing HSIL cases with LSIL cases); and those with cancer had higher sIL-2R levels than subjects with an HSIL diagnosis (OR for upper quartile of sIL-2R = 1.8; 95% CI, 0.5-7.1; comparing cancer cases with HSIL cases). These data suggest that among our study subjects, sIL-2R levels most likely rise as a response to the events of infection and cancerous invasion, but that sIL-2R levels are unlikely to be predictive of disease progression among women with LSIL.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Chronic ingestion of lycopene-rich tomato juice or lycopene supplements significantly increases plasma concentrations of lycopene and related tomato carotenoids in humans.

The bioavailability of lycopene from tomato juice and 2 dietary supplements, each containing 70-75 mg lycopene, was studied in 15 healthy volunteers in a randomized, crossover design. Subjects ingested lycopene-rich tomato juice, tomato oleoresin, lycopene beadlets, and a placebo for 4 wk each while consuming self-selected diets. Treatment periods were separated by 6-wk washout periods. Plasma lycopene concentrations, assessed at baseline and weekly throughout the treatment periods, were significantly higher during tomato juice, oleoresin, and lycopene beadlet ingestion than during placebo ingestion. Mean (+/-SEM) increases in plasma lycopene at week 4 of tomato juice, oleoresin, and lycopene beadlet ingestion were not significantly different: 0.24 +/- 0.07, 0.23 +/- 0.05, and 0.24 +/- 0.06 micromol/L, respectively. Plasma concentrations of phytofluene and phytoene, which were present in small amounts in tomato juice, oleoresin, and lycopene beadlets, increased significantly with ingestion of these 3 products. Beta-carotene, zeta-carotene, and 2,6-cyclolycopene-1,5-diol (a metabolite of lycopene)--also present in tomato juice and supplements--were significantly increased with consumption of the tomato juice and lycopene beadlets, but not with oleoresin consumption. A marked increase in plasma concentrations of an unknown compound was observed; it was detected in trace amounts in tomato juice, oleoresin, and lycopene beadlets, and had a maximum absorbance at 448 nm and a molecular weight of 556. Concentrations of plasma lycopene and other carotenoids with potential for enhancing human health can be increased by ingestion of realistic amounts of tomato juice. Lycopene appears to be equally bioavailable from tomato juice and the supplements used in this study.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Pigmented uveal tumours in a transgenic mouse model.

AIMS/BACKGROUND: The authors have developed transgenic mouse strains at the Arizona Cancer Center using a tyrosinase promoter to target expression of the mutated T24 Ha-ras gene in melanin producing cells. Histopathology and electron microscopy (EM) were performed to characterise the intraocular tumours observed phenotypically. METHODS: Transgenic TPras mice (n = 8) and normal, age matched control mice (n = 6) were sacrificed at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 weeks, 4 months, 5 months, 9 months, and 11 months. Six were processed in formalin for light microscopic examination and eight in a glutaraldehyde/formalin solution for electron microscopic examination. RESULTS: Six of the TPras mice were found to have bilateral pigmented melanocytic/RPE proliferations of the uveal tract. The cytological characteristics of the tumours included low nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios (N:C ratios), bland nuclei, and abundant intracytoplasmic melanin. By EM two populations of cells were identified, including spindle-shaped cells with round to oval melanin granules and cuboidal cells with apically located, cigar-shaped, melanin granules, and basement membrane formation. A 3 week and an 11 month old TPras mouse had a higher grade, bilateral, melanocytic proliferation of the uveal tract which, although not metastatic, was morphologically melanoma. Cytological features included increased N:C ratios, nuclear pleomorphism, and prominent nucleoli. The uveal tract was normal in both eyes in all of the control animals. CONCLUSION: Pigmented intraocular tumours developed in transgenic strains of mice that express a mutated Ha-ras gene in melanin producing cells. The morphology was most consistent with a melanoma in two of the mice and a benign melanocytic/RPE proliferation in the remaining mice.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Langerhans cell histiocytosis with orbital involvement.

PURPOSE: To review three cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with orbital involvement that represent a significantly excessive incidence of this rare disease in one community. Current diagnostic criteria and therapeutic modalities related to Langerhans cell histiocytosis are reviewed. METHODS: Case reports. We present clinical, radiologic, histopathologic, and epidemiologic information on three patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. RESULTS: All three children, born within 18 months of one another, manifested rapidly progressive unilateral proptosis at age 2 years. By computed tomography, all had moderately enhancing lesions with involvement of the sphenoid bone and lateral orbit as well as the temporal lobe of the brain. All patients were treated with a combination of vincristine and prednisone, with variable resolution of their lesions. The occurrence of three cases in children born in Nogales, Arizona/ Mexico, suggests an incidence rate of 40 per million, which is approximately 26 times the expected rate (P = .0001). CONCLUSIONS: The extraordinarily high incidence and the concentration of cases in both time and space of this cluster implies that Langerhans cell histiocytosis may be a sentinel disease for unusual environmental exposures.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1997

Effects of food restriction in military training on T-lymphocyte responses.

In a stress model which included food restriction, we examined the effects of physically rigorous military training and increased caloric intake on T-lymphocyte responses and lymphocyte subsets. T-lymphocyte proliferation and release of soluble receptor for interleukin-2 (slL-2R) in vitro were measured in two separate training classes of male U.S. Army ranger course (RC) trainees at the start and during the RC. Trainees in group 1 (n = 55) and 2(n = 50), respectively, had mean (+/- SD) energy intakes of 11.8 +/- 7.0 and 13.6 +/- 6.7 MJ/d, averaged total daily energy expenditures of 16.7 and 17.6 MJ/d, and experienced body weight losses of 15.]% and 12.6%. Both groups showed decreases T-lymphocyte responses in vitro: proliferation to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and tetanus toxoid (TT), and released slL-2R to PHA. Group 2 with an intended 15% increase in energy during the RC over group 1 showed 22% and 26% less severe suppressions of T-lymphocyte proliferation and released slL-2R, respectively, in vitro. Group 2 also showed that short-term (9 days) removal of the food restriction stressor allowed for corrected body weight, total lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte subset counts but not suppressed T-lymphocyte responses in vitro. These results demonstrate that soldiers in physically rigorous military training are at risk of suppressed T-lymphocyte immunocompetence, and this is greater if they also experience inadequate energy intake.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Modulated mitogenic proliferative responsiveness of lymphocytes in whole-blood cultures after a low-carotene diet and mixed-carotenoid supplementation in women.

To determine the effects of dietary carotenes on the mitogenic proliferative responsiveness of blood lymphocytes in vitro, nine premenopausal women were fed a low-carotene diet for 120 d. Low-dose beta-carotene (0.5 mg/d) was given to five subjects on days 1-60, while four received a placebo. All subjects received a low-dose beta-carotene (0.5 mg/d) supplement on days 61-120, plus a carotenoid complex on days 101-120. The mean (+/-SEM) serum beta-carotene concentration for the combined beta-carotene supplemented and placebo subjects (n = 9) was not significantly reduced from that on day 1 (1.27 +/- 0.24 mumol/L) on days 60 (0.66 +/- 0.14 mumol/L) and 100 (0.91 +/- 0.38 mumol/L), but on day 120 (3.39 +/- 0.44 mumol/L) it was increased above that on days 1, 60, and 100. Maximum mitogenic proliferative responsiveness of blood lymphocytes in vitro to optimal dose phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was reduced on days 60 (P = 0.025) and 100 (P < 0.0001), but corrected itself on day 120 to a value above those on day 1 (P = 0.04), day 60 (P = 0.0001), and day 100 (P < 0.0001). Present findings show that a diet low in carotene had a suppressive effect on the maximum mitogenic proliferative responsiveness of blood lymphocytes in vitro, which was not corrected with low-dose beta-carotene supplementation but was with a carotenoid complex from vegetables rich in carotenoids.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Immune activation in cervical neoplasia: cross-sectional association between plasma soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels and disease.

In a previous study (Tsukui et al., Cancer Res., 56: 3967-3974, 1996), we observed an inverse association between degree of cervical neoplasia and interleukin (IL) 2 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E6 and E7 peptides in vitro. This suggested that a Th1-mediated cellular immune response might be important in host immunological control of HPV infection and that a lack of such a response might predispose to progression of cervical disease. To follow up on these findings, we have conducted a cross-sectional study of women with various degrees of cervical neoplasia to investigate the association between overall immune activation and cervical disease. A total of 235 women were recruited into our study; 120 of these women were participants in our previous study in which IL-2 production in response to HPV-16-specific peptides was measured. The study population included 34 women with invasive cancer, 62 women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), and 105 women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs). In addition, 34 cytologically normal women with no past history of squamous intraepithelial lesions despite confirmed HPV-16 infection in the 5 years preceding the study were selected as controls. As our measure of overall immune activation, serum samples obtained from study participants were tested for soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) level using an ELISA method. The mean sIL-2R levels were found to increase with increasing disease severity (Ptrend = 0.0002). Among cytologically normal, HPV-exposed women, the mean receptor level in serum was 465.8 units/ml compared to 467.6 units/ml among LSIL subjects, 514.9 units/ml among HSIL subjects, and 695.5 units/ml among women with invasive cervical cancer. Similarly, the proportion of women with elevated sIL-2R levels (defined as > or = 450 units/ml) increased with increasing disease severity from 35.2% among normal study subjects to 70.6% among cancer patients (Ptrend = 0.003). Among the subgroup of subjects for whom in vitro IL-2 production in response to HPV-16-specific peptides was measured, we examined the association between in vitro IL-2 production and serum levels of sIL-2R. sIL-2R levels were higher, on average, among those women who were positive in our IL-2 production assay compared to those who were negative, but the differences did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). We also observed a trend of increasing sIL-2R level with increasing disease severity both in women who were positive and in women who were negative for our IL-2 production assay, but the trend was only significant among those who were negative for IL-2 production (Ptrend = 0.01). Results from our studies suggest that although the immune system of women with cervical neoplasia is nonspecifically activated as disease severity increases, the ability of those women with HSILs or cancer to mount a Th1-mediated immune response to HPV peptides appears to decrease compared to women with LSILs or normal women infected with HPV. Increased overall activation along with decreased Th1 immune response among women with increasing cervical disease severity might be explained by an increased Th2-mediated immune response, a response that we hypothesize is ineffective in controlling the viral infection and its early cytological manifestations. Future studies should directly assess Th2-mediated responses to confirm this hypothesis. Also, future efforts should be aimed at determining whether the associations observed are causally related to disease progression or an effect of the disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Possible immunologic involvement of antioxidants in cancer prevention.

The people of Linxian County, China have one of the world's highest rates of esophageal cancer. Two intervention trials were conducted to determine whether supplementation with specific vitamins and minerals could lower mortality from or incidence of cancer in this population and whether supplementation with multiple vitamins and minerals would reduce esophageal and gastric cardia cancer in persons with esophageal dysplasia. About 30,000 general population (GP) subjects in the GP trial were randomly assigned to one of eight intervention groups according to a one-half replicate of a 2(4) factorial experimental design and were supplemented for 5.25 y with four combinations of micronutrients at doses from one to two times the US recommended dietary allowance (RDA). About 3000 subjects in whom dysplasia was diagnosed in the dysplasia trial were randomly assigned to groups receiving daily supplementation with 14 vitamins and 12 minerals at two to three times the US RDA or placebo for 6 y. Results of the dysplasia trial indicate that in individuals with esophageal dysplasia, micronutrient supplementation had little effect on T lymphocyte responses. In contrast, male participants in the GP trial who were supplemented with beta-carotene, vitamin E, and selenium showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher mitogenic responsiveness of T lymphocytes in vitro than those not receiving these micronutrients.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Corticosteroid treatment and trabecular meshwork proteases in cell and organ culture supernatants.

Steroid-induced glaucoma is believed to result from increased aqueous outflow resistance and evidence suggests that this is the result of an excess accumulation of extracellular matrix components. This accumulation could result from an imbalance in the natural turnover of these components. We have investigated the effect of corticosteroid treatment of trabecular meshwork (TM) organ and cell cultures on the extracellular activities of the matrix metalloproteinases and plasminogen activators. We find that corticosteroid treatment results in decreased extracellular activity of stromelysin and tissue plasminogen activator in trabecular meshwork cell culture, and decreased 92 kDa collagenase IV, stromelysin, and tissue plasminogen activator in trabecular meshwork organ culture. These data suggest that decreased levels of proteolytic activities could account, in part, for the accumulation of some extracellular matrix components and be a contributing mechanism in steroid-induced glaucoma.

Cells, Cultured↗

PubMed1993

Lymphocyte responsiveness of children supplemented with vitamin A and zinc.

We sought to determine the effect of supplementation with zinc, vitamin A, or a combination of the two on proliferation of T lymphocytes to concanavalin A (ConA), tetanus toxoid (TT), or tuberculin (PPD) of children living in a region endemic for suboptimal vitamin A and zinc intake. The children (n = 140, aged 6-13 y) were randomly assigned and supplemented with either zinc (25 mg/d), vitamin A (1500 mg RE/d), zinc + vitamin A, or placebo for 6 mo. After a baseline blood collection, subjects were boosted with diphtheria-tetanus antigen. Proliferative responsiveness of T lymphocytes to ConA and TT in each treatment group (n = 35) was not different at baseline or postsupplementation. Children supplemented with zinc + vitamin A tended to show higher proliferative responsiveness of T lymphocytes to PPD than did those treated with placebo (P = 0.08). This tendency was observed in females but not in males. Increased zinc and vitamin A intake could result in health benefits for children living in regions endemic for suboptimal micronutrient nutriture.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

A longitudinal study of infections and injuries of Ranger students.

Causes of medical attrition and their implications for medical support for the U.S. Army Ranger course are considered, based on data collected from 190 students in a summer class. In the second half of the course, an increase in documented infection rates, notably cellulitis of the lower extremities and Streptococcus carriage prevalence, coincided with indications of compromised immune function. The authors suggest that aggressive treatment in the field, including liberal use of antibiotics, and periodic examination of each student by medical personnel are critical factors which will minimize medical attrition and ensure safe participation of soldiers in this and other stressful and sustained field exercises.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1993

Isolated ocular involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with immunocytochemical evaluation.

We report the case of a patient with isolated ocular involvement and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (also known as reticulum cell sarcoma). Most non-Hodgkin's central nervous system lymphomas are large cell lymphomas derived from B-cells. The patient initially had iritis OD and vitreous cells OS. Eventually, rubeosis and vitritis developed OD. A systemic workup showed no extraocular lymphoma. Immunocytochemical analysis was done on the vitreous OD and detected a monoclonal B-cell population of large lymphoid cells. This case shows the frequent delay in making the diagnosis of this condition. This diagnosis must be remembered when a patient has vitreous opacities.

Eye Neoplasms↗

PubMed1993

Fluorescein angiographic appearance of Dalen-Fuchs nodules in sympathetic ophthalmia.

A case of sympathetic ophthalmia is presented in which a single lesion located posteriorly at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium caused a serous macular detachment. We believe that this lesion represented an atypical Dalen-Fuchs nodule. Most reports of the fluorescein angiographic appearance of Dalen-Fuchs nodules describe multiple sites of choroidal leakage during the early phases, which may coalesce during the late phases of the angiogram. The lesion we detected was hypofluorescent in early phases of the fluorescein angiogram and showed late staining. The early hypofluorescence seen in the lesion may be explained by an intact retinal pigment epithelium over the presumed Dalen-Fuchs nodule, blockage of choroidal fluorescence by the nodule, and areas of granulomatous inflammation in the inner choroid and choriocapillaris. The staining in the late phases of the fluorescein angiogram may be explained by accumulation of fluorescein into the presumed Dalen-Fuchs nodule.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Effect of vitamin A and zinc supplementation on the nutriture of children in Northeast Thailand.

Previous surveys suggested that young children in Northeast Thailand may benefit from vitamin A and/or zinc supplementation. One hundred thirty-three children aged 6-13 y with marginal plasma retinol (less than 1.05 mumol/L) and Zn (less than 12.2 mumol/L) concentrations participated in a double-blind study. They were randomly assigned and supplemented with either zinc (25 mg/d), vitamin A (1500 RE/d), zinc plus vitamin A, or placebo for 6 mo. Biochemical indices of vitamin A (plasma vitamin A, retinol-binding protein) and zinc status (plasma zinc, alkaline phosphatase) increased significantly. The children had adequate liver stores of vitamin A (relative dose response less than 20%). Zinc supplementation resulted in an improvement in vision restoration time (VRT) in dim light (dark adaptometry). Vitamin A and zinc synergistically normalized conjunctival epithelium as measured by conjunctival impression cytology (CIC). Both functional indices, VRT and CIC, showed significant correlations with plasma zinc and vitamin A, respectively. The data suggest that functional improvements in populations with suboptimal vitamin A and zinc nutriture can be accomplished by supplementation with less than two times the recommended dietary allowance of these nutrients.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1992

Cytokeratin expression in corneal endothelium in the iridocorneal endothelial syndrome.

The immunocytologic characteristics of two formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded corneas from patients with the iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome and unaffected control corneas were studied. Binding of polyclonal antisera to Factor VIII, S-100 protein, involucrin, neuron specific enolase (NSE), and the lectins peanut agglutinin and Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 was performed using the standard peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method. We detected reactive patterns of monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratins (34BE12 is a 56-58 kD mouse IgG reactive to stratified epithelia; Pkk1 is a 44-54 kD mouse IgG reactive to simple epithelia; and KL1 is a 55-57 kD mouse IgG reactive to epidermis and simple epithelia) using the standard avidin-biotin complex method. Staining properties were similar for the polyclonal antisera, lectins, NSE, and chromogranin in corneas with ICE syndrome and in the controls. However, the cytokeratins 34BE12, Pkk1, and KL1 were detected in the endothelium of the corneas with the ICE syndrome but not in the controls. These findings suggest that various cytokeratins are expressed in the corneal endothelium in the ICE syndrome that are not expressed in unaffected corneal endothelium.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗