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Biomedical subjects

T R Dawber

Publications and source records attributed to T R Dawber.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

The Yugoslavia Cardiovascular Disease Study. 3. Death by cause and area.

In the seven years following initial examination (1964--65) 758 deaths were observed in 11,121 Yugoslav men aged 35--62. The mortality rate was similar to that found for men in the Framingham (Massachusetts) study. However, coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality was much lower in Yugoslavia but mortality from cancer, accidents and violence and respiratory disease was much higher. The excess cancer mortality was chiefly from stomach cancer. The excess respiratory mortality was from both tuberculosis and chronic obstructive respiratory disease. Within Yugoslavia there were area differences in mortality by cause but little difference in total mortality: in Tuzla (Bosnia) there was a higher respiratory disease mortality but a lower mortality from accidents and violence than in Remetinec (Croatia). In the rural areas of the study there was a higher mortality from respiratory diseases and accidents and violence than in urban areas but a counterbalancing lower mortality from cardiovascular diseases. The low coronary death rates and high cancer of the stomach death rates in this population present an important epidemiological challenge.

Accidents↗
PubMed1977

Tumor-associated antigen levels (carcinoembryonic antigen, human chorionic gonadotropin, and alpha-fetoprotein) antedating the diagnosis of cancer in the Framingham study.

Determinations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were done by use of frozen serum samples antedating the diagnosis of cancer for 9 pancreatic and 8 gastric carcinoma patients from the Framingham Heart Study. The longest intervals for elevated antigens before cancer diagnosis were 10 months for CEA and 26 months for HCG. (The single elevated AFP was found in a sample 10 days before clinical diagnosis.) Samples from 31 controls matched with the cancer subjects by age, sex, vital capacity, and smoking status showed over 20% "false" positive CEA elevations (all smokers with low vital capacities) and over 20% borderline false positive HCG elevations in postmenopausal females. Although 10-26 months' lead time could infer some potential for use of these tumor-associated antigens to help detect malignant neoplasms at an earlier stage, a serious problem of frequent false positives prevents CEA and HCG levels from being useful as cancer-screening tests at this time.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The Framingham Eye Study. I. Outline and major prevalence findings.

During the period 1973--1975, 2675 out of 3977 still-living members of the Framingham, Massachusetts, study population, who have been under investigation for coronary disease risk factors since 1948 and who were in 1973--1975 aged 52 to 85, were given an eye examination stressing cataract, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration and glaucoma. Of 2940 subjects who still lived in the local Framingham area, 2477 were examined. Local population prevalence for one or both eyes positive was: 15.5% for senile cataract, 3.1% for diabetic retinopathy, 8.8% for senile macular degeneration and 3.3% for open-angle glaucoma. The proportion of adults with poor "best" visual acuity may be much less than has been estimated by the National Health Survey and the proportion with open-angle glaucoma much more than currently suspected on the basis of foreign studies.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

The Framingham Eye Study. II. Association of ophthalmic pathology with single variables previously measured in the Framingham Heart Study.

Using the age-sex-specific data collected in the Framingham Heart Study 1948--1964 together with ophthalmic diagnoses made in the Framingham Eye Study in 1973--1975, the following variables were found to be associated with senile cataract: education, casual blood sugar, systemic blood pressure, height, vital capacity, serum phospholipid and hand strength; with senile macular degeneration: systemic blood pressure, height, vital capacity, left ventricular hypertrophy, hand strength and history of lung infection; with diabetic retinopathy: casual blood sugar, urine sugar and other specific elements of diabetes; with ocular hypertension: systemic blood pressure, height, casual blood sugar and pulse rate. No variables were identified as associated with open-angle glaucoma. The paper stresses the need for corroboration of these findings, which may be a mix of real and chance associations, and the need for additional analyses before any of these associations are considered evidence of factors related to risk of ophthalmic disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Diabetes, blood lipids, and the role of obesity in coronary heart disease risk for women. The Framingham study.

Diabetes and a low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level are associated with each other and with a higher coronary heart disease risk in women. Moreover, both are strongly associated with obesity. These findings are reported from the Framington Study, in which persons aged 49 to 82 were characterized, after overnight fast, for blood lipids by the method of Fredrickson and Levy and then followed for the subsequent development of coronary heart disease. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was also associated with coronary heart disease risk in women, but fasting triglycerides were not associated with risk after allowing for the association with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and diabetes. A low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the presence of diabetes appeared to raise the coronary heart disease risk in women relative to that of men.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The Yugoslavia cardiovascular disease study. II. Factors in the incidence of coronary heart disease.

In a 7-year follow-up of 11,121 Yugoslav men first examined in 1964-1965 when they were 35-62 years old, it was found that the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) was one-fourth that of a comparable Framingham (USA) group. Incidence in rural men was only 59% of urban men. In both urban and rural groups, men with higher blood pressures had greater CHD incidence, and cigarette smoking was also associated with greater incidence. In the urban but not the rural groups serum cholesterol and weight/height were also CHD risk factors. Levels of serum cholesterol and weight were lower in urban Yugoslavia than Framingham and lowest in rural Yugoslavia. At the same levels of these characteristics Framingham incidence was 3 times that in Yugoslavia. At the very low rural levels of weight and blood pressure CHD incidence was the same in urban as rural Yugoslav groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Residual disability in survivors of stroke--the Framingham study.

Of 123 survivors of documented completed stroke from the Framingham Cohort, 119 received objective evaluations of functional status along with an equal number of controls matched for age and sex. Of the stroke survivors, 16 per cent were institutionalized, 31 per cent dependent in self-care, and 20 per cent dependent in mobility. In addition, 71 per cent had decreased vocational function, and 62 percent decreased socialization outside the home. Each of these frequencies was significantly greater than the corresponding rate in the control group.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1975

Changes associated with quitting cigarette smoking: the Framingham Study.

During the first 18 years of the Framingham Study there was a substantial decrease (39 per cent ) in the number of men smoking cigarettes and a moderate decrease (22 per cent) in the number of women smoking cigarettes. Except for a greater tendency of diabetic patients to quit smoking, there were no significant differences at baseline between smokers who quit and smokers who continued smoking. After quitting there was a short-term rise in weight for men. This rise led only to trivial changes in blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels. There was a beneficial impact on long-term vital capacity trends from quitting smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

An evaluation of the epidemiology of atherothrombotic brain infarction.

Review of the epidemiology of atherothrombotic brain infarction (ABI) based largely on 18 years of prospective data from the Framingham cohort reveals that stroke is a potent force in morbidity and mortality, that hypertension is its dominant precursor, that it can be predicted and suggests that only a preventive approach can substantially reduce stroke morbidity. Data from Framingham on the relative frequency of the major types of stroke found in the community reveal that 57 percent are due to ABI and only 17 percent to intracranial hemorrhage--two-thirds of which is subarachnoid. Lacunar infarcts are common accounting for 13 percent of ABI's in men and 23 percent in women. Despite the sizeable geographic, seasonal and secular trends in stroke mortality, few environmental determinants of stroke have been uncovered. However, established hallmarks of the candidate for an atherothrombotic stroke include: hypertension (systolic or diastolic), glucose intolerance, high normal hemoglobin, the cigarette habit (men only), abnormal lipids (under age 60) and cardiac impairments. Many unresolved issues remain. Nevertheless, it is possible to identify a tenth of the general population from which half the strokes will emerge. This provides a rational basis for establishing a program of prevention.

Aged↗