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Biomedical subjects

T Pham

Publications and source records attributed to T Pham.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Diagnosis of H-type tracheoesophageal fistula.

A study was made of the diagnostic aspects of 11 cases of congenital tracheoesophageal fistula without atresia (H-fistula) seen in the 17 years 1971 through 1988. The features of aspiration with feeding were present from birth in all cases, and yet the diagnosis was often delayed. The results emphasise the complimentary diagnostic roles of contrast esophagogram and rigid open-tube endoscopy. The latter not only yields a high diagnostic rate but is necessary for evaluation of associated congenital anomalies of the aerodigestive tract.

Esophagoscopy↗
PubMed1991

Effect of AVP on susceptibility of ovine pituitary cells to a cytotoxic analogue of CRF.

Although exposure to arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been reported to induce anterior pituitary corticotrophs to bind and become responsive to corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), the identity of these inducible CRF target cells is unknown. Such cells may themselves be the AVP-responsive corticotrophs or other cells that become CRF targets secondary to a paracrine signal from AVP target cells. The present study used a cytotoxin (Cx), specific for CRF target cells, that eliminates responses of treated cells to a subsequent challenge with CRF but leaves responses to AVP intact. We hypothesized that, if AVP target corticotrophs themselves become CRF targets, then the addition of AVP during treatment with Cx should render these cells susceptible to the cytotoxin and should eliminate the response to subsequent AVP as well. Ovine pituitary cells were chosen for the study because they respond more robustly than rat cells to AVP. Pretreatment of ovine pituitary cells with Cx (400 pM) or Cx plus AVP (10 nM) eliminated the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretory response to CRF (10 nM), as assessed 3 days later. Cx alone also reduced the secretory response to AVP from 23.9 +/- 3.4 to 11.5 +/- 1.9 ng ACTH/3 h (P less than 0.05). However, pretreatment with AVP (10 nM) plus Cx caused no further reduction in the secretory response to AVP (10.1 +/- 2.6 ng ACTH/3 h). These data suggest that, if AVP induces erstwhile non-CRF target cells to become CRF targets, then these induced cells are not themselves initially AVP target corticotrophs.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1990

Regulation of renal pelvic pressure by diuresis and micturition.

The influence of the voiding cycle and diuresis on the hydrodynamic pressures of the renal pelvis in the multicalyceal kidney of miniature pigs has been examined. Identification of the pressure patterns characteristic of the renal pelvis with an undisturbed pelviureteric and ureterovesical junction was emphasized. The frequency and amplitude of contractions in the renal pelvis were measured bilaterally. The patterns of renal pelvic pressure changes were interpreted during bladder filling and emptying and diuresis to evaluate the mechanisms facilitating the pressure isolation of the upper urinary tract. These studies were undertaken in the awake pig equipped with a long-term radiotelemetry implant transmitting renal pelvic and urinary bladder pressure. The results show that renal pelvic contractions are low-pressure events having an amplitude of 10.3 +/- 4.2 cmH2O and a frequency of 6.6 +/- 0.7 contractions/min. During basal hydration, the process of renal pelvic filling and emptying is active, with rhythmic pelvic contractions. The left and right renal pelvis demonstrate approximately equal frequency, 1.04:1.00, but are not synchronous. Furosemide-stimulated diuresis produces radical changes in the renal pelvis by transforming emptying from an active to passive mode and facilitating the transmission of voiding pressures and spontaneous bladder pressures to the kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Studies of the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in sheep with hypothalamic-pituitary disconnection. II. Evidence for in vivo ultradian hypersecretion of proopiomelanocortin peptides by the isolated anterior and intermediate pituitary.

Studies were performed to determine whether the isolated ovine anterior and intermediate pituitary might rhythmically secrete three POMC peptides, ACTH, ir-beta-endorphin (ir-beta-EP), and ir-alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (ir-alpha-MSH) in vivo. When blood was taken at 10-min intervals from four ewes with hypothalamo-pituitary-disconnection (HPD), a distinct POMC-peptide and cortisol ultradian rhythm was noted. A comparison of the four HPD ewes with five nonstressed hypothalamopituitary-intact (HPI) ewes revealed that the mean plasma levels of the three POMC-peptides and cortisol were increased, the mean ACTH and ir-alpha-MSH pulse amplitudes were increased, and the mean ir-beta-EP and ir-alpha-MSH interpulse intervals were decreased. When four HPI ewes were subjected to a mild stress, plasma POMC-peptide and cortisol levels increased significantly when compared with the five unstressed HPI animals. In addition, the ACTH and cortisol pulse amplitudes increased and the ir-beta-EP and ir-alpha-MSH interpulse intervals decreased. Although plasma ACTH levels in the stressed HPI and HPD ewes were comparable, mean plasma cortisol levels were 2-fold greater in the stressed HPI animals. To determine whether the ACTH hypersecretion in the HPD ewe might reflect a net reduction in hypothalamic inhibitory influence over ACTH secretion, we examined the effects of dopamine (DA), somatostatin (SS-14), and rat atrial natriuretic peptide [rANF(1-28)] on the secretion of ACTH from cultured ovine anterior pituitary cells. DA and SS-14 did not exert a discernible effect on basal, CRF-, or arginine vasopressin (AVP)-stimulated ACTH secretion. Although basal ACTH secretion was unaffected by rANF(1-28) (10(-12)-10(-8) M), a significant inhibition of CRF- and AVP-stimulated ACTH release was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1990

Structural and functional analysis of the insulin receptor promoter.

The insulin receptor plays a critical role in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Regulation of this key function must be under stringent controls. In order to study the regulation of insulin receptor gene expression, we have cloned, sequenced and characterized its promoter. The first exon of the insulin receptor gene is embedded in an unusual segment of DNA composed of Alu repeats. The promoter has the characteristics typical of a housekeeping gene. It is GC-rich and has multiple start sites of transcription. A 574 base pair fragment immediately upstream of the translation initiation site contains promoter activity when transfected into eukaryotic cell lines. Deletion analysis was performed to study promoter function. These studies showed that only 150 base pairs of promoter sequence were necessary for promoter function. This region contains three potential binding sites for the transcription factor, Sp1 and a TC box sequence. Furthermore, the fragment functions equally well in either orientation. We have defined an element in this region with enhancer function for both its homologous and a heterologous promoter. In addition, this region seems to contribute some degree of tissue specificity to insulin receptor gene expression.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Effects of Ro 15-4513 on the motor impairment and hypnotic effects of ethanol and pentobarbital.

The selectivity of Ro 15-4513 in reversing the actions of sedative-hypnotic drugs was examined. The motor impairment induced by i.p. administration of 1.8 g/kg of ethanol was partially reversed by doses of Ro 15-4513 ranging from 2-8 mg/kg. Antagonism of the similar effect induced by 20 mg/kg of pentobarbital was observed only at the 8 mg/kg dose of Ro 15-4513. Treatment with 4 mg/kg of Ro 15-4513 shifted the dose-effect curve for motor impairment by ethanol to the right but did not affect the corresponding curve for pentobarbital. Ro 15-4513 also increased the onset latency and shortened the duration of sleep time induced by ethanol but not by pentobarbital. Blood ethanol and pentobarbital levels measured at 32 min after drug administration were not affected by Ro 15-4513. The selectivity of Ro 15-4513 and the mechanism(s) underlying its proconvulsant effect in reversing the actions of ethanol are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Thyroid function and immune reactivity during metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad.

High plasma titers of thyroid and adrenocorticoid hormones are present during the metamorphosis of Xenopus laevis. Here we examine the influence of thyroid hormones on several features of immune reactivity during this period, e.g., the capacity of thymus-derived immunocytes to reduce (immune suppression) or amplify (helper function) antibody production. Further, we test whether thyroid hormone is able to modulate the expression of putative interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptors on lectin-activated adult Xenopus splenocytes, an aspect of helper function. Finally, we have tested the ability of thyroid hormones to affect larval antibody-producing cells directly. Our data suggest that all three functions (suppressor, helper, and antibody producing) are independent of thyroid function during metamorphosis. However, the anatomical distribution of two features of immune suppression, as well as the numbers of lectin-activated splenocytes able to bind anti-IL-2 receptor antibody, were changed by thyroid function. In vivo thyroid blockade by thiourea prevented the transition from the premetamorphic to the adult pattern of distribution of the two suppressor functions; triiodothyronine in vitro stimulated an increase in the numbers of cells able to bind an IL-2 receptor antibody.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1989

Evidence for an ultradian secretion of adrenocorticotropin, beta-endorphin and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone by the ovine anterior and intermediate pituitary.

These studies were undertaken to characterize the secretion of the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-peptides adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), immunoreactive (ir)-beta-endorphin (beta-EP), and ir-alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (ir-alpha-MSH) in the conscious sheep. When blood samples were taken at 10-min intervals, a distinct POMC-peptide and cortisol ultradian rhythm was observed, and 4 of the 7 possible POMC-peptide pulse patterns were defined. Three of these patterns included pulsatile ACTH secretion, and 70% were followed by a rise in plasma cortisol. The fourth pulse pattern consisted of concordant ir-beta-EP and ir-alpha-MSH secretion and was not temporally correlated with cortisol secretion. When an intensified rate of venous sampling was used (2-min intervals over 1 h), the POMC-peptide and cortisol pulse frequencies were increased. Although the mean POMC-peptide and cortisol pulse amplitudes remained unaltered, the mean cortisol pulse amplitude was decreased. Five of the 7 possible POMC-peptide pulse patterns were noted, and 3 of these were identical to those observed during the 10-min sampling procedure. Chronic bromocriptine treatment decreased the plasma levels and pulse amplitudes of ir-beta-EP and ir-alpha-MSH, increased the ir-beta-EP pulse interval, and abolished concordant ir-beta-EP and ir-alpha-MSH secretion. Neither the plasma levels nor the ultradian rhythms of ACTH and cortisol were affected by the treatment. Chronic dexamethasone administration abolished the ACTH ultradian rhythm, reduced the plasma levels of ACTH, ir-beta-EP, and ir-alpha-MSH, while plasma cortisol levels became undetectable. Although the ir-alpha-MSH interpulse interval was increased, the ir-beta-EP and ir-alpha-MSH ultradian rhythms were not abolished. We conclude that: (1) an ultradian rhythm characterizes the secretion of ACTH, ir-beta-EP, and ir-alpha-MSH from the ovine pituitary; (2) this rhythm is due to the pulsatile secretion of peptides from the adenohypophysis and intermediate lobe; (3) the adenohypophysis and intermediate lobes appear to secrete POMC-peptides in synchrony and asynchrony, and (4) intensified rates of venous sampling unmask the appearance of high-frequency POMC-peptide and cortisol pulses in vivo in the sheep.

Activity Cycles↗
PubMed1989

Studies of the secretion of corticotropin-releasing factor and arginine vasopressin into the hypophysial-portal circulation of the conscious sheep. I. Effect of an audiovisual stimulus and insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

Studies were undertaken to characterize the secretion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) into the hypophysial-portal circulation of the conscious sheep. In addition, we examined the temporal relationship between the secretion of these two hypothalamic peptides and the secretion of three pro-opiomelanocortin peptides--adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), ir-beta-endorphin, and ir-alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone--and cortisol and determined the effects of an audiovisual emotional stimulus and insulin-induced hypoglycemia on the entire hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In the basal state, the secretion of CRF, AVP, the three pro-opiomelanocortin peptides, and cortisol was pulsatile in nature, and three CRF and AVP pulse patterns were observed: a concordant increase in CRF and AVP, an isolated rise in CRF, and an isolated increase in AVP. In 4 of the 5 animals, a 3-min audiovisual stress (barking dog) rapidly increased the plasma levels of all the measured substances, although the magnitude and duration of the effect differed markedly between the animals. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia markedly increased AVP and, to a lesser extent, CRF concentrations in portal plasma and thereby altered the CRF:AVP molar ratio. Although pituitary-adrenal activation was closely correlated with the increased hypothalamic activity, a strict 1:1 concordance between CRF/AVP secretion and ACTH secretion was not seen. The anesthetic ketamine selectively increased portal AVP concentrations to levels which exceeded those attained during hypoglycemia and rapidly activated the pituitary-adrenal axis. We conclude the following: (1) CRF and AVP are secreted by the hypothalamus in a pulsatile fashion; (2) ACTH secretion can be stimulated by increases in either CRF or AVP; (3) the absence of a strict 1:1 concordance between hypothalamic CRF/AVP release and pituitary ACTH secretion during stress may be partly due to the release of additional hypothalamic ACTH secretagogues; (4) the ability of both audiovisual stimuli and insulin-induced hypoglycemia to augment CRF and AVP secretion indicates that the paraventricular hypothalamus may be activated by a variety of neural inputs, and (5) the marked alteration of the CRF:AVP molar ratio during stress suggests that AVP may be an important ACTH secretagogue in vivo in the sheep.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1989

[Streptococcus group B tardive meningitis revealing chronic septic granulomatosis].

A first-born boy operated on D20 for an abscess of the anal margin (E. Coli, Klebsiella) developed purulent meningitis due to a group B serotype III streptococcus on D35. The outcome was rapidly fatal. Results of immunologic investigations done on the day before death were suggestive of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) as complete absence of reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) was evidenced. Studies of polymorphonuclear cells from the mother showed normal production of oxygen, chemiluminescence and NBT reduction. During the subsequent pregnancy, fetal blood was sampled 19 weeks after the last menstrual period; results showed the fetus was male and the polymorphonuclear cells were incapable of reducing NBT and exhibited decreased chemiluminescence and oxygen production. The pregnancy was terminated. This case shows that delayed group B streptococcus infection can occur as the first manifestation of CGD, although this condition is usually responsible for infections due to staphylococci, enterobacteriaceae and yeasts.

Granulomatous Disease, Chronic↗
PubMed1988

Studies of the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in sheep with hypothalamic-pituitary disconnection. I. Effect of an audiovisual stimulus and insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

These studies were undertaken to characterize the secretion of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), immunoreactive (ir) beta-endorphin (ir-beta-EP) and ir alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (ir-alpha-MSH) from the surgically isolated ovine pituitary in response to an audiovisual stress (barking dog, 3 min) and insulin hypoglycemia. The studies were performed in 4 ovariectomized, hypothalamo-pituitary-disconnected (HPD) and 4 sham-HPD ewes bearing indwelling jugular venous catheters. Basal concentrations of the three pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) peptides and plasma cortisol were significantly increased in the HPD animals. When the control ewes were exposed to the audiovisual stimulus, plasma ACTH, ir-beta-EP and ir-alpha-MSH levels were increased 2.5-, 10-, and 5-fold 1 min after the stress; plasma cortisol attained maximal values at 5 min. In contrast, plasma levels of the three POMC peptides were not significantly increased in the HPD animals, although a rise in plasma cortisol occurred. The administration of regular insulin (5 units/kg i.v.) to control ewes caused plasma ACTH, ir-beta-EP, and ir-alpha-MSH levels to increase 17-, 22-, and 67-fold at 50 min; plasma cortisol values were maximal at 60 min. In contrast, the elevated basal levels of POMC peptides in the HPD animals were not significantly increased by the hypoglycemia, but a significant elevation of plasma cortisol was seen. We conclude that: (1) the increase in ACTH in intact animals after an audiovisual emotional stress and hypoglycemia, and the abolition of this increase by HPD, indicates that both stimuli, each acting through distinct neuroanatomical pathways, increase the net corticotropin-releasing activity of the hypothalamus; (2) the rise in plasma cortisol in HPD animals after stress suggests that peripheral humoral factors may release additional small amounts of ACTH from the anterior pituitary, and (3) the finding of increased basal ACTH levels after HPD suggests that POMC peptide synthesis and secretion by the anterior pituitary is tonically regulated by an inhibitory factor of hypothalamic origin.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1987

Nifedipine delays the acquisition of tolerance to ethanol.

Rats were trained to remain on a motor-driven belt until they reached a criterion of not exceeding 1% error (1.2 s off the belt) in a 2 min trial. Upon completion of training, animals were treated with nifedipine and/or ethanol and were tested for degree of impairment after an i.p. injection of 2 g/kg ethanol solution on test days. Chronic nifedipine treatment enhances the acute ethanol effects on motor impairment and delays the acquisition of tolerance to ethanol. Results suggest modification of brain calcium channel activities could delay the development of tolerance to ethanol and may prevent ethanol-induced organic brain damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Posttranslational processing of corticotropin-releasing factor in the ovine tuberoinfundibular system and pituitary.

The present studies were undertaken to characterize the immunoreactive-corticotropin-releasing factor (ir-CRF) in two areas of the ovine tuberoinfundibular system, hypophysial portal blood, and pituitary. With an antiserum raised against synthetic ovine (o)CRF(1-41) and 125I-Tyro-oCRF(1-41) as the tracer, concentrations of ir-CRF (pg/mg wet weight, n = 5) were: paraventricular hypothalamus (PVN), 11.7 +/- 2.5; median eminence (ME), 2276 +/- 296; anterior pituitary (AP), less than 0.5; posterior pituitary (PP), 10.0 +/- 2.2. Analysis of the ir-CRF in these areas on G-75 Sephadex chromatography revealed two main peaks--a 'major' peak which coeluted with synthetic oCRF(1-41) and a 'minor' peak which eluted eight fractions later. These two immunoreactive species of CRF were also found in hypophysial portal blood. When ME extract was analyzed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the 'minor' peak of ir-CRF eluted before that of CRF(1-41). Since CRF contains Arg35-Lys36 within its sequence, we tested the hypothesis that the 'minor' peak of ir-CRF represented a fragment, or fragments, of the molecule derived by proteolytic cleavage at this site. Tyro-oCRF(34-41) was digested with trypsin and the reaction products were identified by amino acid analysis. Two of these products were CRF(36-41) and CRF(37-41), and both migrated in the 'minor' peak area on G-75 Sephadex chromatography and HPLC. In the CRF(1-41) RIA, serial dilution of both fragments yielded nonparallel displacement curves. However, with 125I-Tyro-oCRF(34-41) as the radiolabeled ligand and Tyro-oCRF(34-41) as the standard, serial dilutions of CRF(1-41), CRF(36-41), and CRF(37-41) generated parallel displacement curves, and the molar cross-reactivities were 90%, 45% and 10% respectively. When the ir-CRF in HPLC fractions of ovine ME was measured in the Tyro-oCRF(34-41) RIA, the molar abundance of the hexapeptide and pentapeptide could be obtained. Calculations based on the premise that the 'minor' peak was solely composed of either the hexapeptide or pentapeptide indicated that CRF(36-41) could account for up to 37% of the total ir-CRF, or that CRF(37-41) could account for up to 73% of the total immunoreactivity. On more discriminating HPLC systems, immunoreactive (ir-) oCRF in the sheep median eminence (ME) could be resolved into five different molecular forms. On three distinct chromatographic systems, four of these immunoreactive species shared retention characteristics identical with synthetic oCRF(37-41), oCRF(36-41), oCRF(16-41) and oCRF(1-41), with the fifth immunoreactive peak as yet unidentified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Panic disorder among Vietnamese refugees attending a psychiatric clinic: prevalence and subtypes.

This study surveys Vietnamese refugees attending two psychiatric clinics to determine both the prevalence of panic disorder (PD) as well as panic attack subtypes in those suffering PD. A culturally valid adaptation of the SCID-panic module (the Vietnamese Panic Disorder Survey or VPDS) was administered to 100 Vietnamese refugees attending two psychiatric clinics. Utilizing culturally sensitive panic probes, the VPDS provides information regarding both the presence of PD and panic attack subtypes during the month prior to interview. Of 100 patients surveyed, 50 (50%) currently suffered PD. Among the 50 patients suffering PD, the most common panic attack subtypes during the previous month were the following: "orthostatic dizziness" (74% of the 50 panic disorder patients [PDPs]), headache (50% of PDPs), wind-induced/temperature-shift-induced (24% of PDPs), effort-induced (18% of PDPs), gastro-intestinal (16% of PDPs), micturition-induced (8% of PDPs), out-of-the-blue palpitations (24% of PDPs), and out-of-the-blue shortness of breath (16% of PDPs). Five mechanisms are adduced to account for this high PD prevalence as well as the specific profile of subtypes: 1) a trauma-caused panic attack diathesis; 2) trauma-event cues; 3) ethnic differences in physiology; 4) catastrophic cognitions generated by cultural syndromes; and 5) a modification of Clark's spiral of panic.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Non-invasive in vivo characterization of breast tumors using photon migration spectroscopy.

Frequency-domain photon migration (FDPM) is a non-invasive optical technique that utilizes intensity-modulated, near-infrared (NIR) light to quantitatively measure optical properties in thick tissues. Optical properties (absorption, mu(a), and scattering, mu(s)', parameters) derived from FDPM measurements can be used to construct low-resolution (0.5 to 1 cm) functional images of tissue hemoglobin (total, oxy-, and deoxy-forms), oxygen saturation, blood volume fraction, water content, fat content and cellular structure. Unlike conventional NIR transillumination, FDPM enables quantitative analysis of tissue absorption and scattering parameters in a single non-invasive measurement. The unique functional information provided by FDPM makes it well-suited to characterizing tumors in thick tissues. In order to test the sensitivity of FDPM for cancer diagnosis, we have initiated clinical studies to quantitatively determine normal and malignant breast tissue optical and physiological properties in human subjects. Measurements are performed using a non-invasive, multi-wavelength, diode-laser FDPM device optimized for clinical studies. Results show that ductal carcinomas (invasive and in situ) and benign fibroadenomas exhibit 1.25 to 3-fold higher absorption than normal breast tissue. Within this group, absorption is greatest for measurements obtained from sites of invasive cancer. Optical scattering is approximately 20% greater in pre-menopausal versus post-menopausal subjects due to differences in gland/cell proliferation and collagen/fat content. Spatial variations in tissue scattering reveal the loss of differentiation associated with breast disease progression. Overall, the metabolic demands of hormonal stimulation and tumor growth are detectable using photon migration techniques. Measurements provide quantitative optical property values that reflect changes in tissue perfusion, oxygen consumption, and cell/matrix development.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sodium azide burn: a case report.

Chemical burn injuries commonly occur at the workplace and can be caused by a variety of agents. Sodium azide is a volatile compound used in the industrial setting and it is also a constituent of car airbags. The known toxic effects of sodium azide include hypotension, bradycardia, and headaches. At the cellular level, it inhibits of ATP production by blocking the respiratory oxidation cascade. In the burn literature only one previous report documents a sodium azide hand burn caused by airbag malfunction. We report a case of massive exposure and resultant systemic toxicity from a sodium azide canister explosion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of prinomastat (AG3340), a synthetic inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases, on posttraumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

In a search for a pharmacologic adjuvant in the management of posttraumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), we investigated the effect of intravitreal injection of prinomastat (AG3340) on an experimental model. Posterior penetrating eye trauma was created in one eye each of 24 New Zealand white rabbits. One week after the surgery, all rabbits were randomized (1:1) to receive 0.5 mg prinomastat or the vehicle of the drug intravitreally every week for 6 weeks. The degree of PVR for each hemiretina was scored, and the two scores were summed to obtain a total eye score. The mean total eye score was 3.58 in the treatment group and 5.75 in the control group (p = 0.0307). The numbers of eyes with tractional retinal detachment in the prinomastat-treated (n = 12) and control (n = 12) groups were 3 and 9, respectively (p = 0.0391). These results suggest that intravitreally administered prinomastat has an inhibitory effect on posttraumatic PVR.

Animals↗