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T Pham

Publications and source records attributed to T Pham.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Monoclonal antibody to rat galanin: production, characterization, and in vivo immunoneutralization activity.

A monoclonal antibody (MAb) to galanin was prepared by cell fusion of myeloma Fox-NY and spleen cells from Robertsonian mice immunized with rat galanin. Hybridomas producing high-affinity antibodies were cloned in pristine-primed Balb/c mice. The antibody was purified by affinity chromatography and concentrated to 12 mg IgG/mL by dialysis. Immunoreactivity of the antibody was screened by radioimmunoassay. Ascites fluid contained approximately 10 mg/mL IgG that belong to the subclass of IgG2a as determined by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA). The titer of this IgG2a antibody entitled #G65G was 1:10,000 and the ID50 for rat galanin was 1000 fmol/mL as determined by liquid phase radioimmunoassay. Immunohistochemistry showed that this galanin MAb stains densed, beaded processes distributed to the enteric plexuses, where they appear to encircle neuronal cell bodies, to the muscle layer, where they are particularly abundant in the circular muscle layer and in the deep muscular layer, and to the mucosa. In vivo capacity of immunoneutralization by this antibody was tested in male Sprague-Dawley rats fasted for 24 h and anesthetized with urethane. Systemic injection of protein A purified galanin antibody (6 mg/rat) decreased by 70% of the inhibitory effect of intravenous galanin (2 nmol/kg/h i.v.) on gastric acid secretion induced by intracisternal TRH analog. These results show that galanin antibody #G65G is useful for in vivo immunoneutralization of galanin effects and is a valuable tool for immunohistochemical localization of galanin in gastrointestinal tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Theoretical analysis of accommodation amplitude and ametropia correction by varying refractive index in Phaco-Ersatz.

Phaco-Ersatz is a surgical procedure for restoring accommodation in which the presbyopic crystalline lens is replaced by a flexible polymer gel in the lens capsule. We assessed the feasibility of simultaneously correcting ametropia while restoring accommodation using Phaco-Ersatz by utilizing polymer gel of the appropriate refractive index. Computation results using paraxial equations and ray tracing on two model eyes indicate that although this approach might be feasible for the hypermetrope, its usefulness for correcting myopia is limited, principally due to significant reductions in the resultant amplitude of accommodation.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed2001

Expression of decay accelerating factor in endometrial adenocarcinoma is inversely related to the stage of tumor.

PROBLEM: Decay accelerating factor (DAF) is implicated in protection of cell membrane from toxicity of complement. In this study, we investigated a hypothesis that DAF is up-regulated in the endometrial adenocarcinoma, which could increase potential of malignant cells to escape destruction by complement. METHODS: DAF density was evaluated in endometrial biopsies of patients with adenocarcinoma at various stages and compared with ten endometrial biopsies from non-malignant patients at the proliferative phase. RESULTS: DAF expression in normal proliferative endometrium varied between 1 and 30%. While DAF density in patients with stage I cancer was in the range 56-98% (mean 78%), stage III values varied from 28 to 16% (mean 21%), P < 0.05. DAF density in the well-differentiated Ishikawa cell line was two-fold higher than in metastatic cell line AN3CA. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are consistent with a hypothesis that endometrial adenocarcinoma of early stage that is exposed to complement attack may up-regulate DAF to protect malignant cells from complement lysis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

Smad4 mediates activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by TGF-beta in pancreatic acinar cells.

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) inhibits pancreatic acinar cell growth. In many cell types, TGF-beta mediates its growth inhibitory effects by activation of Smad proteins. Recently, it has been reported that Smad proteins may interact with the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways. In this study, we report on the interactions between the TGF-beta and MAP kinase signaling pathways in isolated rat pancreatic acinar cells. TGF-beta activated the MAP kinases extracellular signal-related kinases (ERKs) and p38 in pancreatic acinar cells, but had no effect on c-jun NH2-terminal kinase activity. Activation of MAP kinase by TGF-beta was maximal 4 h after treatment. The ability of TGF-beta to activate ERKs was concentration dependent and dependent on protein synthesis. TGF-beta's stimulation of ERK activation was blocked by PD-98059, an inhibitor of MAP kinase kinase 1, and by adenoviral transfer of dominant negative RasN17. Furthermore, adenoviral-mediated expression of dominant negative Smad4 blocked the ability of TGF-beta to activate acinar cell MAP kinase, demonstrating that this activation is downstream of Smads. The biological relevance of ERK activation by TGF-beta was indicated by demonstrating that inhibition of ERK signaling by PD-98059 blocked the ability of TGF-beta to activate the transcription factor activator protein-1. These studies provide new insight into the signaling mechanisms by which TGF-beta mediates biological actions in pancreatic acinar cells.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2001

Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of dominant-negative Smad4 blocks TGF-beta signaling in pancreatic acinar cells.

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a potent inhibitor of pancreatic acinar cell growth. Smad4 is a central mediator in the TGF-beta signaling pathway. To study the effect of Smad4 on pancreatic growth, cell cycle protein expression, and the expression of a TGF-beta-responsive promoter in vitro, we constructed an adenovirus containing dominant-negative COOH terminal truncated Smad4 (AddnSmad4) downstream of the rat elastase promoter. Acinar cells expressed dominant-negative Smad4 within 8 h after infection, and expression persisted for 72 h. Mouse pancreatic acini were infected with either AddnSmad4 or control adenovirus expressing green fluorescent protein, and TGF-beta was added 8 h after infection. Acinar cells were then incubated for 1, 2, or 3 days, and [(3)H]thymidine incorporation was determined. AddnSmad4 significantly reduced TGF-beta inhibition of [(3)H]thymidine incorporation, with maximal effects on day 3. AddnSmad4 also completely blocked TGF-beta-mediated growth inhibition in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor. We next examined the effects of AddnSmad4 on TGF-beta-induced expression of the cell cycle regulatory proteins p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1). TGF-beta induced upregulation of p21(Cip1), which was completely blocked by AddnSmad4. AddnSmad4 also inhibited TGF-beta-induced expression of the TGF-beta-responsive luciferase reporter 3TP-Lux. These results show that Smad4 is essential in TGF-beta-mediated signaling in pancreatic acinar cells.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2000

Calcitonin increases the concentration of insulin-like growth factors in serum-free cultures of human osteoblast-line cells.

The current studies were intended to determine whether the anabolic effects of calcitonin (CT) on human osteoblast-line cells were (1) unique to osteosarcoma cells or also evident in osteoblast-line cells derived from normal human bone; and/or (2) associated with effects on several insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system components. Preliminary studies identified several osteoblastic cell lines, derived from normal human bone, which showed calcitonindependent increases in cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and/or (45)Ca uptake (P < 0.05-P < 0.001). Two of these cell lines-(human vertebrae) HBV-155 and HBV-163-were included with the human osteosarcoma cell line, SaOS-2, in most of our subsequent studies of calcitonin effects on selected IGF system components: IGF-II, IGF-I, and IGF binding proteins -3, -4, and -5. The results of those studies revealed that a 48 hour exposure to salmon CT caused a dose-dependent (0.03-3 mU/ml) increase in the net extracellular level of IGF-II (r = 0.96, P < 0.01) in serum-free cultures of SaOS-2 cells, with a maximal 60% increase at the highest tested dose (P < 0.02). Similar effects were seen with HBV-163 cells (r = 0.90, P < 0.01) and HBV-155 cells (r = 0.55, P < 0.02). The effect of calcitonin on the extracellular level of IGF-II was biphasic with respect to time: it decreased at 6 hours (P < 0.005 and P < 0.001, for SaOS-2 cells and HBV-163 cells, respectively) and increased at 24 hours (P < 0.02 and P < 0.05). These calcitonin-dependent increases in the extracellular level of IGF-II were associated with parallel increases in IGF-I (P < 0.005 for SaOS-2 cells and P < 0.03 for HBV-163 cells), but calcitonin did not affect the extracellular level of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. The calcitonin-dependent changes in IGF-II were not associated with changes in the extracellular levels of IGF binding proteins -3, -4, or -5. Finally, our studies showed that two other members of the CT superfamily-CT gene-related peptide and amylin-did not mimic the effect of CT to increase the extracellular level of IGF-II. Together, these data demonstrate that human osteoblast-line cells derived from normal human bone can respond to CT, and that those responses can include CT dose- and time-dependent increases in the extracellular levels of IGF-I and IGF-II.</hea

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2000

Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation in a patient with Noonan syndrome.

Noonan syndrome, an autosomal dominant disease occurring with an incidence of 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 2,500 live births, is characterized by its particular cardiovascular abnormalities, including pulmonic valve stenosis, pulmonary artery stenosis, and, more rarely, septal defects and coarctation of the aorta. The case of a 20-year-old man admitted for inpatient cardiopulmonary rehabilitation after pulmonic valve repair, left pulmonary artery angioplasty, and pectus excavatum repair is presented. His endurance was markedly decreased, thus limiting his ability to perform activities of daily living and reducing his exercise tolerance. With participation in a comprehensive cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program, he experienced marked improvement with independence in his activities of daily living and an increase in his metabolic equivalent levels from to 2.8 to 5.4. After inpatient rehabilitation, he underwent left pulmonary stent placement before being discharged home. Subsequent outpatient cardiopulmonary rehabilitation has continued to improve significantly his overall exercise tolerance. Given that Noonan syndrome is viewed as the most common syndrome associated with congenital heart disease after Down syndrome, physiatrists must be familiar with its presentation, its associated abnormalities, and the treatment approach to optimize the patient's cardiopulmonary, musculoskeletal, and psychological status.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The effect of polyethylene glycol on the mechanics and ATPase activity of active muscle fibers.

We have used polyethylene glycol (PEG) to perturb the actomyosin interaction in active skinned muscle fibers. PEG is known to potentiate protein-protein interactions, including the binding of myosin to actin. The addition of 5% w/v PEG (MW 300 or 4000) to active fibers increased fiber tension and decreased shortening velocity and ATPase activity, all by 25-40%. Variation in [ADP] or [ATP] showed that the addition of PEG had little effect on the dissociation of the cross-bridge at the end of the power stroke. Myosin complexed with ADP and the phosphate analog V(i) or AlF(4) binds weakly to actin and is an analog of a pre-power-stroke state. PEG substantially enhances binding of these states both in active fibers and in solution. Titration of force with increasing [P(i)] showed that PEG increased the free energy available to drive the power stroke by about the same amount as it increased the free energy available from the formation of the actomyosin bond. Thus PEG potentiates the binding of myosin to actin in active fibers, and it provides a method for enhancing populations of some states for structural or mechanical studies, particularly those of the normally weakly bound transient states that precede the power stroke.

Actins↗
PubMed2000

Cataract extraction with multifocal intraocular lens implantation: clinical, functional, and quality-of-life outcomes. Multicenter clinical trial in Germany and Austria.

PURPOSE: To compare bilateral implantation of a multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) versus a monofocal lens with respect to visual function, patient satisfaction, and quality of life. SETTING: Seven clinical sites in Germany and 1 site in Austria. METHODS: A prospective randomized masked clinical trial included 124 randomly assigned bilateral pseudophakic individuals, 64 of whom had bilateral implantation of an Array(R) foldable multifocal IOL (model SA-40N, Allergan) and 60 of whom had bilateral implantation of an AMO(R)PhacoFlex II(R) silicone monofocal IOL (model SI-40NB). Clinical data included binocular uncorrected and corrected distance and near visual acuities, complications, adverse events, and reports of halos and glare. Quality-of-life data were collected on 3 occasions using the modified Cataract TyPE Specification instrument. The functional status of the 2 groups was compared from baseline to final postoperative interview. RESULTS: Three months after surgery, a higher proportion in the Array group achieved a Jaeger value of J3 (20/40 Snellen) or better uncorrected binocular near visual acuity and 0.5 (20/40) or better distance-corrected binocular near visual acuity than in the monofocal groups (97% versus 68% and 95% versus 59%, respectively; P <.001). A higher proportion in the multifocal group achieved both 0.5 (20/40) and J3 or better uncorrected binocular distance and near visual acuities (97% versus 66%; P <.001). Those in the Array group were more likely than those in the monofocal group to never wear glasses overall (41% versus 12%; P <.001). Multifocal patients rated their vision without glasses better overall, at near and at intermediate distances (P <.05), and demonstrated better visual function for near tasks and social activities. CONCLUSIONS: Those who had bilateral implantation of the Array multifocal IOL obtained better uncorrected and distance-corrected near visual acuities and reported better overall vision, less limitation in visual function, and less spectacle dependency than patients with bilateral monofocal IOLs.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Missense mutation of the MET gene detected in human glioma.

Multiple mechanisms, such as gene mutations, amplifications, and rearrangements, as well as perturbed mitogen and receptor function, are likely to contribute to glioma formation. The MET (also known as c-met proto-oncogene located at 7q31-34 has been shown to be amplified in human gliomas, and activating mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain of MET have been causally related to tumorigenesis in hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma. To elucidate the role of MET gene in glioma formation, sporadic gliomas from 11 patients were examined for MET gene mutations and allelic duplications or deletions by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Three of 11 sporadic gliomas showed a deletion of one copy of the MET gene, and a specific METgene missense mutation in the remaining gene copy was detected in one of those tumors. The corresponding sequence in non-tumor DNA was normal in all cases. Three of 11 sporadic gliomas showed duplication of one copy of the MET gene, but none of them contained mutations. One tumor showed METamplification without mutation. Three showed neither allelic change nor mutation. These data suggest that somatic MET gene mutation may play a role in the development of a subgroup of sporadic gliomas. However, MET mutations appear to be absent in the majority of sporadic gliomas.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Intramuscular administration of E7-transfected dendritic cells generates the most potent E7-specific anti-tumor immunity.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly efficient antigen-presenting cells capable of priming both cytotoxic and helper T cells in vivo. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential use of DCs that are modified to carry tumor-specific antigens in cancer vaccines. However, the optimal administration route of DC-based vaccines to generate the greatest anti-tumor effect remains to be determined. This study is aimed at comparing the levels of immune responses and anti-tumor effect generated through different administration routes of DC-based vaccination. We chose the E7 gene product of human papillomavirus (HPV) as the model antigen and generated a stable DC line (designated as DC-E7) that constitutively expresses the E7 gene. Among the three different routes of DC-E7 vaccine administration in a murine model, we found that intramuscular administration generated the greatest anti-tumor immunity compared with subcutaneous and intravenous routes of administration. Furthermore, intramuscular administration of DC-E7 elicited the highest levels of E7-specific antibody and greatest numbers of E7-specific CD4+ T helper and CD8+ T cell precursors. Our results indicate that the potency of DC-based vaccines depends on the specific route of administration and that intramuscular administration of E7-transfected DCs generates the most potent E7-specific anti-tumor immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Disruption of TGFbeta signaling pathways in human pancreatic cancer cells.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling is disrupted in human pancreatic cancer cells, and to study the role of TGFbeta receptors and Smad genes. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: TGFbeta is a known inhibitor of pancreatic growth. Disruption of the TGFbeta signaling pathway may play a role in pancreatic cancer development. METHODS: The effect of TGFbeta on the BxPC-3, MiaPaCa-2, and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell lines was evaluated by [3H]thymidine incorporation and a TGFbeta-responsive reporter assay. Expression of TGFbeta receptors and Smads 2 and 3 was assessed by cross-linking assays and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The ability to restore TGFbeta responsiveness was evaluated by transfection of TGFbeta signaling components. RESULTS: TGFbeta produced little inhibition of DNA synthesis and did not activate a TGFbeta-responsive reporter in pancreatic cancer cell lines. 125TGFbeta cross-linking and RT-PCR confirmed the presence of TGFbeta receptors and Smad2 and Smad3 transcripts. Transfection of TGFbeta receptors or Smads 2 and 3 did not restore responsiveness. However, transfection of Smad4 into the BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cell line restored TGFbeta responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic cancer cells show loss of TGFbeta responsiveness. Smads 2 and 3 and TGFbeta receptors are not defective in the cell lines studied. Transfection of Smad4 into one of the cell lines restored TGFbeta responsiveness, suggesting an important role for Smad4 in pancreatic cancer. It is likely that other, as yet unidentified genes are important in TGFbeta resistance in pancreatic cancer cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Efficacy and safety of oral granisetron versus i.v. granisetron in patients undergoing peripheral blood progenitor cell and bone marrow transplantation.

This randomized, controlled, double-blind pilot study assessed the efficacy and safety of oral versus i.v. granisetron, both in combination with non-5-HT3 antiemetics, in preventing emesis caused by high-dose chemotherapy. Fifty-one patients who underwent peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation (PBPCT) or bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were evaluated. Efficacy was assessed by the number of emetic episodes during the worst 24 h period. A complete response (CR) was defined as no vomiting, partial response (PR) as less than three emetic episodes and failure as three or more emetic episodes. Patients who received oral granisetron experienced significantly (p<0.0008) fewer emetic episodes than those who received i.v. granisetron; however, the number of emetic episodes over the worst 24 h was similar between the oral and i.v. granisetron groups (13 and 15, respectively), as were the overall response rates (CR+PR, 54.5 and 41.4%, respectively). Both dosage forms were well tolerated. Based on these findings, further comparative studies of oral granisetron are warranted in patients undergoing PBPCT or BMT.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

The L10F mutation of angiotensinogen is rare in pre-eclampsia.

BACKGROUND: A mutation in the gene for angiotensinogen, changing the leucine residue at position 10 to a phenylalanine (L10F), has been reported in a patient with proteinuric pre-eclampsia. In vitro enzymatic studies suggest this mutation would increase production of the vasoactive peptide, angiotensin II in vivo, and therefore explain the etiology of the maternal hypertension. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether mutation of codon 10 of angiotensinogen is common in pre-eclampsia, and therefore likely to be involved in disease susceptibility. DESIGN: We collected a cohort of 32 women with 'true' pre-eclampsia. All were normotensive prior to the 20th week of pregnancy, developed blood pressures consistently above 140/90 mmHg and had proteinuria of greater than 300 mg/day during the third trimester. All had blood pressures that returned to normal within 1 month of delivery; 31 women were primigravida. Genomic DNA was isolated from their peripheral blood lymphocytes for genetic analyses. METHODS: A polymerase chain reaction-restriction enzyme-based assay was devised to screen for mutation of codon 10 of the angiotensinogen gene. In addition, we determined the frequency of a threonine residue at position 235 in the angiotensinogen gene, given previous controversial findings of association of this polymorphism with disease. CONCLUSIONS: We detected no mutation of codon 10 in angiotensinogen in any of the 32 women studied, indicating that this mutation is not commonly associated with proteinuric pre-eclampsia. Furthermore, there was no increased frequency of threonine 235 in the affected individuals studied compared with respective normotensive Caucasian-American and African-American populations.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Role of decay-accelerating factor domains and anchorage in internalization of Dr-fimbriated Escherichia coli.

Dr-fimbriated Escherichia coli capable of invading epithelial cells recognizes human decay-accelerating factor (DAF) as its cellular receptor. The role of extracellular domains and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor of DAF in the process of internalization of Dr(+) E. coli was characterized in a cell-cell interaction model. Binding of Dr(+) E. coli to the short consensus repeat 3 domain of DAF expressed by Chinese hamster ovary cells was critical for internalization to occur. Deletion of short consensus repeat 3 domain or replacement of Ser(165) by Leu in this domain, or the use of a monoclonal antibody to this region abolished internalization. Replacing the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor of DAF with the transmembrane anchor of membrane cofactor protein or HLA-B44 resulted in abolition or reduction of internalization respectively. Cells expressing glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored DAF but not the transmembrane-anchored DAF internalized Dr(+) E. coli through a glycolipid pathway, since the former cells were more sensitive to inhibition by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, a sterol-chelating agent. Electron microscopic studies revealed that the intracellular vacuoles containing the internalized Dr(+) E. coli were morphologically distinct between the anchor variants of DAF. The cells expressing glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored DAF contained a single bacterium in tight-fitting vacuoles, while the cells expressing transmembrane-anchored DAF contained multiple (two or three) bacteria in spacious phagosomes. This finding suggests that distinct postendocytic events operate in the cells expressing anchor variants of DAF. We provide direct evidence for the DAF-mediated internalization of Dr(+) E. coli and demonstrate the significance of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, which determines the ability and efficiency of the internalization event.

Adhesins, Escherichia coli↗
PubMed2000

Three-dimensional computer morphometry of the maxilla and face in infants with Pierre Robin sequence--a comparative study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the morphology of the maxillary crest in infants with Pierre Robin sequence using an anthropometric coordinate system and to compare the data with those of healthy infants. SETTING: The study was performed at a craniofacial center servicing a large geographic area. PARTICIPANTS: The study involved eight infants aged 1-28 days (average, 7 days) with an established diagnosis of Pierre Robin sequence and six healthy infants aged 1-43 days (average, 22 days). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Physical models of the maxilla and face obtained by alginate replication were analyzed by computer morphometry yielding the three-dimensional topology of the maxillary crest. RESULTS: The maxillary crest of children with Pierre Robin sequence shows an increased inclination relative to the transverse plane (30 +/- 3.9 degrees) as compared with that of healthy infants (20 +/- 2.9 degrees). The maxillary crest of the patients is shortened in the sagittal direction by comparison with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: The increased inclination of the maxilla in infants with Pierre Robin sequence may aggravate the retroposition of the mandible and may thus be a pathogenetic factor contributing to the severe respiratory problems.

Alginates↗
PubMed2000

The effect of pantethine and ultraviolet-B radiation on the development of lenticular opacity in the emory mouse.

PURPOSE: Few studies have examined the impact of long-term treatments or exposures on the development of cataract in maturity-onset animal models. We studied the effect of treatment with D-pantethine and exposure to ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation on the development of lenticular opacity in the Emory mouse. METHODS: A total of 164 Emory mice were randomized by litter at weaning to exposure to UVB light at 12 mJ/cm(2) for 6 hr/day (UV) or usual room light (A), and within litter, were further randomized to bi-weekly intra-peritoneal injections of 0.8 g/kg pantethine (T) or no treatment (C). Retro illumination lens photos were taken at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 months after weaning, and graded in masked fashion. The animals were sacrificed at 10 months and the lenses analyzed for total pantethine and total cysteamine. RESULTS: Lens pantethine and cysteamine levels were significantly (P < 0.001) higher for the T as compared to C litters. Mean cataract grade increased monotonically over time for all four groups. Unadjusted mean grade for the AT group at 8 (1.32) and 10 (1.86) months appeared lower than for the other groups (AC: 2.17, 2.39; UVC: 1.77, 2.40; UVT: 1.88, 2.37). However, the mean grade for the pantethine-treated litters did not differ significantly from the untreated litters except at 2 months (when untreated litters had significantly lower grades), when adjusting for UV treatment, gender and litter effect. No significant difference in cataract score existed between UV-exposed and ambient litters. Mortality was higher among pantethine-treated (hazard ratio = 1.8, p = 0.05) and UV-exposed animals (hazard ratio = 1.8, p = 0. 03) than among the untreated and unexposed litters. CONCLUSION: Significantly increased lens levels of pantethine are achieved with long-term intra-peritoneal dosing. The impact of pantethine on the progression of lenticular opacity in the Emory mouse is less than has been reported in other models. This level of chronic UVB exposure appeared to have no effect on the development of cataract in this model.

Animals↗