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Biomedical subjects

T Peterson

Publications and source records attributed to T Peterson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Urodynamic changes during therapeutic intravesical instillations of capsaicin.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the technique for and urodynamic changes during therapeutic instillations of intravesical capsaicin in patients with detrusor hyper-reflexia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety intravesical instillations of capsaicin were performed as a therapeutic procedure in 30 patients; 21 patients had various causes of non-traumatic spinal cord disease, five patients were very severely neurologically impaired and were bed-bound with an indwelling catheter, and four were neurologically normal. Simultaneous cystometry was performed in 25 patients during the instillation of capsaicin; 100 mL of 1 or 2 mmol/L capsaicin in 30% ethanol/saline was instilled into the bladder for 30 min and two patients received 30% ethanol/saline only. The last 56 capsaicin treatments were preceded by the instillation of 40 mL of 2% lignocaine for 20 min. Detrusor hyper-reflexia was decreased and urinary continence improved for 3-6 months after a single instillation; the instillation was then repeated. Two patients who received only ethanol/saline showed no clinical or urodynamic improvement. RESULTS: The treatment was not abandoned in any patient due to discomfort and there were no short- or medium-term complications. All patients with spinal cord disease and phasic detrusor hyper-reflexia had similar, frequent and repetitive detrusor contractions during the instillation of capsaicin. These acute reactive contractions did not occur in the neurologically normal patients. Similarly, the instillation of intravesical lignocaine only caused no phasic detrusor contractions. Intravesical lignocaine instillation before capsaicin markedly reduced and sometimes abolished the detrusor overactivity and lessened the discomfort for the patients. The instillation of lignocaine before capsaicin did not alter the benefit from each instillation of intravesical capsaicin. CONCLUSION: A method has been developed for administering capsaicin intravesically which diminishes discomfort for the patient and in the short- and medium-term is free of complications. The study also provides functional evidence of the role of capsaicin-sensitive afferents in phasic detrusor hyper-reflexia due to spinal cord disease.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1996

Alleles of the maize P gene with distinct tissue specificities encode Myb-homologous proteins with C-terminal replacements.

The maize P gene is a transcriptional regulator of genes encoding enzymes for flavonoid biosynthesis in the pathway leading to the production of a red phlobaphene pigment. Multiple alleles of the P gene confer distinct patterns of pigmentation to specific floral organs, such as the kernel pericarp and cob tissues. To determine the basis of allele-specific pigmentation, we have characterized the gene products and transcript accumulation patterns of the P-wr allele, which specifies colorless pericarps and red cob tissues. RNA transcripts of P-wr are present in colorless pericarps as well as in the colored cob tissues; however, the expression of P-wr in pericarp does not induce the accumulation of transcripts from the C2 and A1 genes, which encode enzymes for flavonoid pigment biosynthesis. The coding sequences of P-wr were compared with the P-rr allele, which specifies red pericarp and red cob. The P-wr and P-rr cDNA sequences are very similar in their 5' regions. There are only two nucleotide changes that result in amino acid differences; both are outside of the Myb-homologous DNA binding domain. In contrast, the 3' coding region of P-rr is replaced by a unique 210-bp sequence in P-wr. The predicted P-wr protein has a C-terminal sequence resembling a cysteine-containing metal binding domain that is not present in the P-rr protein. These results indicate that the differential pericarp pigmentation specified by the P-rr and P-wr alleles does not result from an absence of P-wr transcripts in pericarps. Rather, the allele-specific patterns of P-rr and P-wr pigmentation may be associated with structural differences in the proteins encoded by each allele.

Alleles↗
PubMed1996

[Risk and prognosis of hip para-articular fractures. A comparison of treatment results of femoral neck and pertrochanteric femoral fractures].

Fractures of the femoral neck and the intertrochanteric region account for 7.2% of our surgically treated trauma-patients. Thanks to gentle anaesthetic methods, pre- and postoperative intensive care, and using dynamic hip screws for stabilizing intertrochanteric fractures or total hip replacement in hybrid technique for fractures of the femoral neck, hospital mortality has decreased to 4.8%. A rate of 8.5% local complications, 5% of them needing revisional surgery, did not influence the final outcome. However, success of rehabilitation of the elderly patients is limited by pre-existing multimorbidity. Despite of achieved weight bearing strength of reconstruction, the number of people confined to bed increases from preoperative 4.9% to postoperative 11.5% at the end of 4 weeks hospitalization and up to 22.6% after 1 year. The need for permanent help in daily life activities, provided by the family or nursing homes increases from 50% to 80% after hospital discharge, usually with an increasing need for care. In the future--besides more and better organized out-patient physiotherapy--only more possibilities to look after the patients in their own families or the supply with an increasing number of places in nursing homes will give a chance, to provide a maximum of rehabilitation for these patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1996

[Late results of surgical treatment of capsular ligament injury of the thumb metacarpophalageal joint].

48 patients with 49 lesions of the ligamentous apparatus of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint were followed-up on average 32.4 months after operative treatment. Using our own scoring and grading, we evaluated the operative results by subjective and objective criteria. In 47 (95.9%) of the operated first metacarpophalangeal joints we found "very good" and "good" results. Only one (2.0%) patient showed either a "fair" or "poor" result. The statistic analysis of the examined parameters range of motion, strength of grip, and stability did not show significant differences to the uninjured side. We recommend the use of Lengemann suture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Replacement of hip prostheses--technical aspects and personal results].

Total hip replacement is considered one of the most effective treatments in modern medicine. Thus in recent years loosening of total hip prosthesis in elderly patients has become increasingly frequent. An analysis and follow-up study of 63 operations with replacement of hip prostheses evaluating the intra- and postoperative complications shows good results in 50 to 85% concerning pain, function and mobility after a 3-year period. The extended operation matches with a significant win of life quality.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Kinetics and thermodynamics of emulsion delivery of lipophilic antioxidants to cells in culture.

Oil-in-water emulsions are being used increasingly for the delivery of lipophilic drugs, but the fundamental physicochemical principles governing such delivery have not been explored. We determined the kinetics and thermodynamics of delivery from emulsions to cells in culture for two lipophilic compounds, U74006 and U74500. Two fundamental properties dominate the delivery, (a) the concentration of the compound in the lipid phase of the emulsion is directly proportional to the concentration of the compound in cells at equilibrium, and (b) the rate of transfer is directly proportional to the concentration of particles in contact with the cells. Thus, the transfer is consistent with direct partitioning from the lipid phase of the emulsion to cells and occurs by the direct collision of emulsion particles with cells. The details of the mechanism of delivery differ between the two compounds. Specifically, delivery of U74006 is first-order with respect to the drug accumulating in the cells. The transfer of U74500 is best described as a sum of two simultaneous pseudo first-order processes consistent with delivery from a single donor compartment to two receiver compartments. Furthermore, two molecules of U74500 appear to be involved in each transfer event. Our results show that relatively simple principles govern the delivery of compounds from oil-in-water emulsions to cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Renal resistive index in experimental partial and complete ureteral obstruction.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Recent clinical work suggests that the Doppler resistive index (RI) may be useful in distinguishing obstructive from nonobstructive hydronephrosis. We evaluated the usefulness of the RI in a rabbit model of hydronephrosis. METHODS: Unilateral partial ureteral obstruction was produced in nine rabbits and complete obstruction in another nine. Three sham operations were performed, and these animals served as control subjects. The RI was measured in all kidneys before and 6 hr after surgery and on days 1, 4, and 7 postoperatively. The RI and the difference in RI (delta RI) between the obstructed and normal kidney were evaluated over time using a two-way analysis of variance. The intravenous urography and Whitaker tests served as gold standards. RESULTS: Hydronephrosis was observed on sonograms in all obstructed kidneys. Comparing groups, there was no significant difference in mean RI or delta RI between the three groups at any time point. Looking at individual groups over time, there was no significant change in mean delta RI, whereas the change in mean RI was significantly elevated above baseline only in the complete obstruction group at 6 hr (p = .002) and on days 4 (p = .008) and 7 (p = .006). In evaluating varying thresholds of RI and delta RI, we could not consistently discriminate between normal and obstructed kidneys. CONCLUSION: Although complete obstruction caused a significant increase in RI, partial obstruction failed to do so. RI and delta RI values proved to be insensitive predictors of obstruction in this rabbit model.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

[Complications caused by patient positioning in unidentified "thoracic outlet syndrome"].

Following a 3-hour surgery of his left leg, a 22 year old male patient suffered paralysis and burning pain in his left forearm with numbness of his 3rd, 4th and 5th finger. During the following days the symptoms diminished spontaneously. The explanation is an ischaemia due to the positioning during the operation in presence of an unknown thoracic outlet syndrome. Diagnostic procedure and prophylaxis of the disease are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The myb-homologous P gene controls phlobaphene pigmentation in maize floral organs by directly activating a flavonoid biosynthetic gene subset.

The maize P gene, which specifies red pigmentation of the kernel pericarp, cob, and other floral organs, has been an important model since the early days of modern genetics. Here we show that P encodes a Myb homolog that recognizes the sequence CCT/AACC, in sharp contrast with the C/TAACGG bound by vertebrate Myb proteins. P binds to and activates transcription of the A1 gene required for 3-deoxy flavonoid and phlobaphene biosynthesis, but not the Bz1 gene required for anthocyanin biosynthesis. The maize C1 gene, which also encodes a Myb homolog, activates both the A1 and Bz1 genes, but only in the presence of a basic-helix-loop-helix coactivator encoded by the maize genes R or B. These results indicate that Myb homologs can differentially regulate gene expression by binding different DNA sequences, through combinatorial interactions with other factors, or both.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Isolation and characterization of a maize gene encoding chalcone flavonone isomerase.

We report here the first cloning of a chalcone flavonone isomerase gene (CHI) from maize. Northern blot experiments indicate that the maize CHI gene (ZmCHI1) is regulated in the pericarp by the P gene, a myb homologue. The ZmCHI1 gene encodes a 24.3 kDa product 55% and 58% identical to CHI-A and CHI-B from Petunia, respectively. This maize CHI1 gene has four exons and an intron-exon structure identical to the CHI-B gene of Petunia hybrida. RFLP mapping data indicate that some inbred lines contain two additional CHI-homologous sequences, suggesting an organization more complex than that found in Petunia or bean. The possibility that the additional CHI-homologous sequences are responsible for the lack of CHI mutants in maize will be discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Compartment pressure in the carpal tunnel in distal fractures of the radius. A prospective study.

In a prospective controlled study, carpal tunnel tissue pressures were determined in a group of 56 patients with distal dislocated fractures of the radius at initial presentation, immediately prior to and after reduction, and 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 h after reduction. Depending on the severity of the trauma and delay to presentation at the hospital, initial measurements revealed raised pressure averaging 23 mm Hg, which further increased during reduction to 44 mm Hg. After 4 h the average pressure was 37 mm Hg, and it then dropped to 26 mm Hg after 12 h. For anatomical reasons the median nerve is quite vulnerable in the region of the wrist joint. Chronic pressure here may cause carpal tunnel syndrome. Acute pressure in the carpal tunnel, which according to our investigations represents a distinct compartment, results in an overt compartment syndrome. The possibility of a direct relationship between markedly elevated tunnel pressure and the development of Sudeck's dystrophy is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Gas gangrene of the hand. A case report].

This is a case report of a 23 year old male, who developed a gas edema of his left hand and forearm 13 days after a stab injury of his finger. Diagnostical procedure and treatment of gas edema are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Therapeutic concept and personal results of management of palmar phlegmon].

Between 1987 and 1991, we operated on 13 patients with 14 palmar space infections of the hand. Twelve of them were evaluated after a mean follow up of 33 months. Analysis points out the importance of early and sufficient surgical intervention. Seven out of ten cases showed a good or very good result, three ending with a fair result.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Measuring pressure in the carpal tunnel in distal radius fracture].

During to the nature of its anatomical locations the median nerve is the nerve most often and most severely affected in compartment syndromes. In our controlled prospective study of 59 patients with distal fractures of the radius, critically high pressure was recorded in the carpal tunnel even in sites of moderate soft tissue swelling. The increase in pressure is directly related to the extent of fracture hematoma, the interval between injury and treatment, and the amount of manipulation during reduction. The average pressure within the carpal tunnel of a normal wrist joint held in the neutral position is 5 mm Hg. In contrast, the average carpal tunnel pressure in the distal radius fracture group in this study was increased to 24 mmHg. During reduction average pressures increase to 44 mmHg, subsequently decrease for a brief period, and finally increase to 34 mmHg 4 h later. At 12 h after reduction average values are still 26 mm Hg. Patients developing Sudeck's dystrophy during treatment (n = 4) exhibit above-average carpal tunnel pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Intraosseous ganglion of the scaphoid bone--a case report].

This is a case report of a 21-year-old male who suffered from wrist pain. X-rays showed a bone cyst of the scaphoid. Intraoperatively, an intraosseous ganglion of the scaphoid with articular communication was found. Symptoms and clinical characteristics of the intraosseous ganglion are discussed and recent literature reviewed.

Adult↗