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Biomedical subjects

T Petersen

Publications and source records attributed to T Petersen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Screening for complement deficiencies in patients surviving from epidemic meningococcal disease.

Sera from 132 patients surviving from meningococcal disease during the high-endemic period 1 January 1980 to 31 December 1984 on the Faroe Islands were screened for deficiencies of the complement (C) system by measuring hemolytic complement function in serum. Samples from 12 patients with reduced C function were further investigated by immunochemical quantification of individual C proteins. One patients was identified with C3-deficiency (C3-concentration 6% of normal) due to the presence of C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF) in serum. In addition, eight patients had minor aberrations in one or several complement proteins. It is concluded, that C deficiency is not an important risk factor during epidemics of meningococcal disease. The C3NeF activity could not be absorbed with Neisseria meningitidis group B, type 15, indicating absence of crossreactivity between neisserial antigens and C3NeF.

Complement C3 Nephritic Factor↗
PubMed1988

A comparative study of extramedullary and intramedullary alignment systems in total knee arthroplasty.

A prospective study was performed to compare the alignment after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using two different alignment systems: an intramedullary system versus an extramedullary system. These two systems were alternately used to make the distal femoral resection in 50 patients. There was little difference between the two systems in achieving appropriate valgus of the distal femoral cut and a correct angle of tibiofemoral valgus.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A critical reappraisal of cystometry in neurogenic bladder diseases.

Repeated cystometry was performed over an eight hour period in 14 patients with detrusor hyperreflexia. Volumes at first contraction, and at bladder capacity and also bladder compliance showed significant differences within individual variances and an increase in standard deviation in relation to increase in mean value. Amplitude of contractions showed equal variances in all patients. After a logarithmic transformation of the measurements the volume at first bladder contraction showed a significant increase (p less than 0.02) from the first to the second investigation performed an hour later. Determination of sample size in clinical trials using the pooled estimate of the standard deviations is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of the urinary tract in children with myelomeningocele.

Of 43 children suffering from myelomeningocele, 2 died of obstructive nephropathy; 30 survived for more than 6 years and 12 of these developed upper urinary tract dilatation. A bladder compliance above 20 was only found in 4 patients, while in 11 with detrusor hyperreflexia, a low pressure amplitude was generally observed. Detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia accompanied by large residual volumes was found in 4 patients. Surveillance of the urological condition is discussed.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1987

Management of urinary incontinence in children with myelomeningocele.

Several forms of treatment of lower urinary tract functional disorders have been attempted in children with myelomeningocele (MMC). Intravesical electrical stimulation was attempted in 10 patients. Urinary control was achieved in one and in the remaining 9 either the bladder was resistant to stimulation or the children discontinued the treatment due to loss of interest. A combined anticholinergic and calcium blocking agent, terodiline, was tested in 8: symptoms improved in 4, but bladder compliance was unchanged. Clean intermittent catheterization, either alone or in combination with medication, seems to be the most beneficial treatment.

Butylamines↗
PubMed1987

A calcium blocking and anticholinergic agent (terodiline) in the treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia: a placebo-controlled, cross-over trial.

In 25 neurological patients with detrusor hyperreflexia terodiline reduced the number of total micturitions during daytime. Bladder capacity was increased and amplitude of the bladder contractions was reduced. An increase in residual urine was also observed. Mild anticholinergic side-effects were measured on pupillary motility and on heart rate variation. It is concluded that terodiline is a useful alternative in treatment of patients with detrusor hyperreflexia.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Bladder neck anesthesia and resection in women with detrusor hyperreflexia.

Nineteen women with detrusor hyperreflexia were investigated urodynamically before and 3 months after bladder neck resection. In the case of the first 10 patients bladder neck anesthesia was performed before resection. In only 2 patients urodynamic reactions to anesthesia and to resection were similar and related to the effect of the resection. In 11 patients bladder neck resection improved voiding symptoms and a significant reduction in the urinary incontinence was found. Bladder neck resection was followed by a significant increase in the effective bladder volume and the bladder volume at first detrusor hyperreflexia. An insignificant reduction in the residual urine of 13% was observed after bladder neck resection but the distance to maximal urethral closure pressure and the area of the functional part of the urethral pressure profile was significantly reduced.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Experimental electrical stimulation of the bladder using a new device.

Repeated bladder contractions were evoked during a six month period in three unanaesthetized female minipigs by using unipolar carbon fiber electrodes embedded in the bladder wall adjacent to the ureterovesical junction. In contrast to bipolar and direct bladder muscle stimulation unipolar electrodes at each ureterovesical junction evoked bladder pressure increase similar to those produced in previous investigations in dogs. Sacral nerve stimulation of S2 evoked bladder contraction at a minimal current. Microscopic examination revealed no cellular reactions to the carbon fibers but a subcutaneous reaction to the receivers was seen and was thought to be due to mechanical irritation. The clinical implication of the findings is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Relation between flexor spasms, uninhibited detrusor contractions and anal sphincter activity.

The time relation between flexor spasms, detrusor contractions and anal sphincter activity was recorded in a consecutive series of 111 patients with hyperreflexic bladder and flexor spasms. In 76 of the patients flexor spasms were preceded by detrusor contractions. The opposite pattern, namely detrusor contractions preceded by flexor spasms, was seen in only nine patients. The anal sphincter activity was generally increased in relation to detrusor contractions in patients with spinal lesions but decreased in patients with cerebral lesions. The treatment of flexor spasms and uninhibited detrusor contractions is discussed on the basis of this mutual relationship.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Acute effects of acetylsalicylic acid on renal and hepatic function in normal humans.

The effect of a single oral dose (1 g) of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on renal function and hepatic enzymes as well as prothrombin time was studied in two series of experiments on normal human volunteers. Radioimmunoassay of albumin and beta 2-microglobulin excretion rates in urine revealed a statistically significant increase in both beta 2-microglobulin and albumin excretion rates within 2 h after dosage. Hepatic enzymes were not influenced by a single dose of ASA, while a statistically significant reduction in prothrombin time was registered. High-pressure liquid chromatography was used for measuring serum levels of ASA and salicylic acid (SA). Peak levels of 500 mumol/l and 150 mumol/l for SA and ASA, respectively, were found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Neurourodynamic evaluation of voiding dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.

During a period of 2 1/2 years, 198 patients with definite MS were admitted to our neurological department. 88 were investigated neurourodynamically because of distinct voiding dysfunction. 73 patients showed detrusor hyperreflexia, 14 detrusor hyporeflexia or areflexia and one had normal findings. There was no obvious correlation between the occurrence of the symptoms, irritative and obstructive, and the allocation of the patients into different cystometric groups. The predominant symptom was urge incontinence. More men had been treated or were permanently treated with intravesical catheter, but mean residual urine did not show any sex difference. In 36 patients with detrusor hyperreflexia, dyssynergia was observed and was classified into 3 groups. In the group with clonic sphincter EMG activity during voiding, 5 of the patients had dyssynergia because of flexor spasms transmitted to the sphincter. In patients with dyssynergia characterized by increased sphincter activity throughout detrusor contraction, a large mean residual urine was noted, but dyssynergia did not always prevent acceptable emptying. A low rate of complication in the upper urinary tract was observed. Treatment is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Systemic availability of acetylsalicylic acid in normal men and women and its effect on in vitro platelet aggregability.

The systemic availability of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) after oral ingestion of 1 g in an effervescent formulation was 16.3 +/- 2.0% and 16.9 +/- 3.2% of the ingested dose in normal women and men, respectively. The average plasma half-life of ASA in each sex was also identical at 18.5 +/- 1.4 and 18.1 +/- 1.2 min, respectively. The inhibitory effect of ASA on collagen-induced platelet aggregation in vitro on blood from both sexes was studied. The IC50 was 23.9 +/- 2.9 micrograms/ml in females and 22.5 +/- 2.7 micrograms/ml in males, which did not differ significantly. The inhibition by salicylic acid (SA) of the antiaggregatory effect of ASA was similar in both sexes with increases in IC50 to 33.5 +/- 5.1 micrograms/ml in females (p less than 0.02) and to 29.5 +/- 3.8 micrograms/ml in males (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that the observed sex-difference in the antithrombotic effect of ASA cannot be explained neither by differences between females and males in the pharmacokinetic properties of ASA after oral ingestion, nor by differences in the in vitro effect of ASA on the platelet aggregation induced by collagen.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of intravenous and intramuscular lorazepam with an adjunct test of the inattention effect in humans.

Single dose pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of intravenous and intramuscular lorazepam were investigated in 6 younger healthy human volunteers of either sex. The plasma concentration profile after intravenously administered lorazepam could in all cases be fitted by NONLIN to a biexponential function of time with a mean terminal (biological) half-life of 14.10 hrs +/- 2.94 S.D. (range 9.68 - 18.42 hrs). The mean half-life of the initial alpha-phase of distribution was 0.31 hrs +/- 0.11 S.D. The mean apparent volume of distribution derived from AUC, Vd-area (=Vd beta), was 1.24 1 kg-1 +/- 0.17 S.D. Mean plasma clearance of the drug was 62.17 ml kg-1 hr-1 +/- 8.85 S.D. The apparent central volume of distribution characterizing the open two-compartment pharmacokinetic model was 0.59 1 kg-1 +/- 0.19 S.D. After intramuscular administration to the same subjects the plasma concentration time lapse could be described by either tri- or bi-exponential kinetics, which are representative of open two- and one-compartment models with absorption phases, respectively. Mean biological half-life was 14.01 hrs +/- 2.31 S.D. and Vd-area 1.24 l kg-1 +/- 0.14 S.D., both values in full agreement with the findings based on intravenous administration. Half-life of the absorption phase varied from 0.08 to 1.76 hrs. Mean systemic availability of the drug was 88.8% +/- 8.3 S.D. The inattention effect of lorazepam was assessed by exposing the subjects during the intravenous pharmacokinetic experiments to a binaural stimulation test, which revealed various degrees of acute reduced attention in only three of the subjects.

Adult↗