Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Payne

Publications and source records attributed to T Payne.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Phagocytosis stimulates the release of a slow reacting substance in cultured macrophages.

1 A slow-reacting substance (SRS) was released from non-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages during phagocytosis of zymosan particles, whereas no detectable SRS was produced by resting cells. 2 The macrophage SRS induced a delayed and slow contraction of the guinea-pig ileum but not of the chick rectum. 3 The myotonic activity was antagonized by low concentrations of FPL 55712 (sodium 7-[3-(4-acetyl-3-hydroxy-2-propylphenoxy)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-4-oxo-8-propyl-4H-1 -benzopyran-2 carboxylate) but was not affected by mepyramine or hyoscine, and was not associated with tachyphylaxis. 4 SRS release was increased by indomethacin and was abolished by the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitor, BW755C (3-amino-1-[m-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-2-pyrazoline). 5 Addition of exogenous arachidonic acid or cysteine enhanced SRS production.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Chronic response of rat brain norepinephrine and serotonin levels to endurance training.

Norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) concentrations were determined in three areas of the rat brain following 8 wk exposure to differing physical activity and dietary regimens. Animals were divided into sedentary and exercise groups, and one-half of each received either a normal or atherogenic diet. The exercise consisted of 30 min of treadmill running, 5 days/wk, for 8 wk. Brains were weighed and sectioned into cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and remainder (midbrain), and fluorometrically analyzed for NE and 5-HT content. In most brain areas, NE and 5-HT levels were significantly greater among exercise-normal diet and exercise-fat diet compared to both sedentary groups. In the cerebral cortex, exercise-normal diet rats possessed higher levels of NE and lower concentrations of 5-HT than sedentary animals. The atherogenic diet did not affect amine levels other than 5-HT in the cortex among exercise rats. The NE results are consistent with prior research indicating its control of sympathetic function. Increased levels of 5-HT in the midbrain may be the neurotransmittal adaptation responsible for decreased appetite and enhanced weight loss following chronic endurance exercise.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Traumatic subarachnoid-pleural fistula.

A patient with a traumatic subarachnoid-pleural fistula successfully managed by closed tube thoracostomy is presented. Management of this patient differed significantly from that previously reported for similar cases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Putting population-based care into practice: real option or rhetoric?

BACKGROUND: Efforts to improve care have focused on population-based approaches, though little practical information exists about implementation. METHODS: This report reviews relevant literature on teamwork in the context of a time-series evaluation of a demonstration project to reorganize care of a single panel of patients in a managed care setting. The proportion of the study panel achieving recommended levels for breast and colon cancer screening, warfarin control, and diabetic eye care was compared with the surrounding practice panels and the managed care population as a whole. Using unconditional logistic regression, we compared changes within populations between March 1993 and March 1995, and the rate of change between populations during the same period. RESULTS: A model of team care was successfully implemented. Colon (occult blood in the stool) and breast (mammography) screening increased more rapidly in the study population than in the surrounding practices or plan as a whole (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). There was no significant improvement in warfarin control or diabetic eye examinations, though absolute increases occurred. CONCLUSION: This work shows that a team approach to population-based care is a real option. Such an approach, however, will not generalize to other settings or all conditions, and its implementation involves some major challenges.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexuality of nurses: correlations of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior.

In a study of relationships among knowledge, attitudes, and statements of nursing behavior about sexuality, degree of comfort with sexual situations was measured with a Professional Sexual Role Inventory (PSRI), using ridit analysis. The PSRI and the Sex Knowledge and Attitude Test were administered in groups to 107 professional family planning nurses and 64 senior nursing students. The major hypothesis--the more knowledge a nurse has of human sexuality, the more favorable will be her attitude toward it and the more comfortable she will be in professional situations with sexual overtones--was supported. Significant positive correlations between sexual knowledge and attitudes and written responses indicated comfort in handling sexual situations. Analyses of variance of the test scores--by age, race, marital status, religion, religiosity, frequency of church attendance, and urbanization--demonstrated areas of sexuality which might be incorporated into nursing inservice training and education.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development and validation of an immunization tracking system in a large health maintenance organization.

Practitioners seeing individual patients and those charged with improving immunization practices in that population need accurate information on the epidemiology of immunizations within the population. To meet this need, we have developed a computer-based record of data required by the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 for all immunizations given to 350,000 enrollees in a large health maintenance organization. In the first eight months of operation, 102,271 immunizations representing 11 separate antigens given to 65,676 enrollees were entered into the database. Comparison of immunizations given and recorded in the medical record with the database shows that the system has high sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value, but a relatively low negative predictive value. The database is being used for analysis of current immunization practices for Haemophilus influenzae b vaccine and for research on adverse outcomes of childhood immunizations.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An alternative vision.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of the phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase gene from Candida albicans.

Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) synthetase catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from ATP to D-ribose-5-phosphate during the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides and tryptophan and histidine biosynthesis in a variety of organisms. We cloned and sequenced the PRPP synthetase gene (PRS1) of Candida albicans because, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a deficiency in PRPP synthetase activity interacts with a mutation in ELM4-1 (elongated morphology) to cause constitutive pseudohyphal growth in nitrogen-rich media. In order to study the role of the C. albicans PRS1 in growth and morphogenesis, we used gene disruption to isolate PRS1 mutants; however, while heterozygous PRS1 clones were readily obtained, homozygous, null strains were not recovered indicating that PRS1 is probably essential for growth of the organism. Heterozygotes in PRS1 produced approximately 35% less PRPP synthetase (P = 0.0004) and exhibited a similar reduction in transcript levels. Confirmation of a heterozygous, single disruption in PRS1 was obtained by I-SceI digestion of chromosomal-sized DNA and Southern blot hybridizations. While no role in morphogenesis is elucidated by this work, the data strongly suggests that PRS1 is an essential gene in C. albicans and supports earlier results that indicated the presence of a single PRS gene in C. albicans.

Candida albicans↗