Biomedical subjects

T P McBride

Publications and source records attributed to T P McBride.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1993

Therapeutic effects of an anticholinergic-sympathomimetic combination in induced rhinovirus colds.

This study's objective was to determine if the combination of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and atropine sulfate attenuates the symptomatic and pathophysiologic response of individuals to experimental rhinovirus infection when given after illness begins. Forty-three susceptible adult volunteers were challenged with rhinovirus type 39 and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups. Twenty-one subjects were treated with the active medication (0.3 mg atropine sulfate and 60 mg pseudoephedrine) and 22 subjects were treated with inert capsules identical in appearance. Treatments were administered 4 times daily beginning approximately 24 hours after rhinovirus challenge and extending for 5 days. Before challenge and on each of 5 treatment days, all volunteers were asked to rate symptom severity and were evaluated for secretion production (weighted tissues), nasal patency (active posterior rhinomanometry), nasal clearance (dyed saccharin technique), eustachian tube function (9-step test), and middle ear status (tympanometry). Twenty subjects in each group were infected with rhinovirus type 39 and were included in the efficacy analysis. Between-group comparisons showed no significant differences in total symptom scores, combined nasal symptom score, secretion production, or the frequencies of persons with eustachian tube obstruction or abnormal middle ear pressures. However, an objective measure of nasal congestion was significantly lower in the active treatment group. The nasal mucociliary clearance rate was significantly more impaired in that group. Side effects consistent with anticholinergic activity were reported more frequently in the active treatment group.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1992

Otologic effects of interferon beta serine in experimental rhinovirus colds.

To evaluate the efficacy and otologic effects of recombinant interferon beta serine for experimental rhinovirus colds, 38 healthy adults received nasal drops of recombinant interferon beta serine, 12 x 10(6) U, or placebo three times daily for 4.3 days beginning 36 hours after infection. Illness rates and severity did not differ between the groups, but the frequency of virus shedding was reduced on the fourth (37% vs 74%) and sixth (11% vs 42%) postchallenge days in recipients of recombinant interferon beta serine. Abnormal eustachian tube function in at least one ear was identified by the inflation-deflation test during 44% of observations in 13 infected recipients of recombinant interferon beta serine compared with 62% of observations in five placebo recipients. Tympanometry revealed middle-ear pressure abnormalities (less than -50 or greater than 20 mm H2O) in at least one ear during 18% of observations in recipients of recombinant interferon beta serine compared with 38% of observations in placebo recipients. These results suggest that antiviral therapy may alter the course of middle-ear dysfunction associated with experimental colds.

Administration, Intranasal↗

PubMed1992

Double aortic arch.

In conclusion, the diagnosis of DAA should be suspected in an infant with either biphasic stridor or feeding-related respiratory distress. Radiographic studies combined with appropriate thorough endoscopic evaluation should confirm clinical suspicion. Thoracotomy with surgical division of the DAA has given excellent long-term results.

Aorta, Thoracic↗

PubMed1989

Alterations of the eustachian tube, middle ear, and nose in rhinovirus infection.

This study measured the changes in 64 ears of 32 adult volunteers in eustachian tube function by the nine-step test, middle ear pressure by tympanometry, and nasal patency by active posterior rhinomanometry for 18 days following type 39 or Hanks rhinovirus infection. Abnormal measures were limited to the 75% of subjects (24) with clinical illness (colds) defined by symptom scores. Two days after infection, tubal function was present in only 50% of ears (48) and 20% of persons (5), middle ear underpressures of less than -50 mm H2O were measured in 50% of volunteers (12), and decreased nasal patency was observed in 54% of those with colds (13). These changes resolved 6 to 10 days after challenge. These results support a causal relationship between viral upper respiratory tract infection eustachian tube obstruction and abnormal middle ear pressure.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗

PubMed1988

A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the effect of chlorpheniramine on the response of the nasal airway, middle ear and eustachian tube to provocative rhinovirus challenge.

This paper presents the results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of chlorpheniramine in relieving the symptoms and attenuating the pathophysiologic correlates of a rhinovirus "common cold." Forty healthy, adult, nonatopic subjects were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: active drug and placebo. On study Day 0, all subjects were challenged intranasally with rhinovirus type 39 (dose = 100 TCID50). Subjects were cloistered from Day 2 to Day 7, at which time they were treated with either chlorpheniramine or placebo. From 3 days before challenge to study Day 19, subjects had nasal patency assessed by rhinomanometry, eustachian tube function assessed by the 9-step test and sonotubometry, middle ear pressure assessed by tympanometry and nasal clearance assessed by the dyed-saccharin technique. Symptom diaries were maintained throughout the period of follow-up. During cloister, symptoms also were scored by interview, nasal secretions were quantified and nasal washings were performed for viral culture. Results showed that 19 (95%) subjects in the active-treatment group and 18 (90%) subjects in the placebo-treatment group shed virus. Symptomatic colds were observed in 63% of the active-treated and 83% of the placebo-treated subjects. Symptoms increased on Day 1 and peaked at Days 4 to 5. Detrimental changes in other measured functions consistent with those previously reported were observed. During the period of treatment, significant differences in the average symptom scores favoring the active-treatment group were observed for sneezing. Also, weight of expelled secretions was greater and mucociliary clearance rate less on some cloister days for the placebo-treated group. No significant differences between treatment groups in the objective measures of nasal congestion or the response of the middle ear and eustachian tube were documented.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗

PubMed1988

Evaluation of noninvasive eustachian tube function tests in normal adults.

A causal association between eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction and otitis media (OM) has been documented. We present normative data for eustachian tube function (ETF) in an otologically normal population of 107 college-age subjects using two noninvasive methods: nine-step tympanometric testing and sonotubometry. The results show a 78% agreement between the two methods when one test session was performed. The nine-step test showed a 52% repeatability rate on three sequential test sessions while the sonotubometry test showed a 34% repeatability rate. The combined tests showed a 34% agreement for the three sequential tests. The findings reveal that the combination of the two tests identify 96% of normal subjects as having at least some tubal function present. Although both tests provide similar information regarding the presence of tubal opening, the sonotubometry method is more physiologic. Additional information shows that the average category of the nine-step test in a normal population was category 2, the mean duration of tubal dilation was 0.40 seconds, and the mean middle-ear pressure was -12 mm H2O.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Successful management of fetal cervical teratoma using the EXIT procedure.

Fetal cervical teratoma is a cause of polyhydramnios, premature labor, and newborn airway obstruction. Formation of a multispecialty team and use of the EXIT procedure is essential for survival of the neonate. Without a team, there is little hope for fetal survival; mortality will be 80-100%. Early diagnosis and planning are essential. Cervical teratomas can contribute to pulmonary insufficiency and chondromalacia because of a mass effect in utero and underdevelopment of the fetal lungs.

Adult↗