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Biomedical subjects

T P Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to T P Anderson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Comparison of real-time PCR and conventional hemi-nested PCR for the detection of Bordetella pertussis in nasopharyngeal samples.

We directly compared a conventional hemi-nested PCR assay with a real-time (LightCycler) PCR assay for the detection of Bordetella pertussis in nasopharyngeal samples. Of the 152 samples tested, 49 (32%) were positive by first-round conventional PCR, 56 (37%) were positive by the hemi-nested PCR assay, and 39 (26%) were positive by the real-time assay. All samples testing positive with the real-time assay were also positive by the hemi-nested assay (both first- and second-round PCR), and all culture-positive samples tested positive by both PCR assays. These results suggest that the hemi-nested assay is more sensitive than the real-time assay for detecting B. pertussis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Hematological changes and athletic performance in horses in response to high altitude (3,800 m).

This study had two goals: 1) measure hematologic changes with high-altitude acclimatization in horses; and 2) assess the effect of 9 days at high altitude on subsequent athletic performance at low altitude. Six horses performed standardized exercise tests on a dirt track (before and during time at altitude) and treadmill (pre- and postaltitude exposure). Resting and immediate postexercise blood samples were measured for blood volume, lactate, red cell number, packed cell volume, and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) concentrations at 225 m, over a 9-day period at 3,800 m, and shortly after returning to 225 m. Acclimatization produced increases in total red cell volume (38.2 +/- 2.4 to 48.1 +/- 2.9 ml/kg, P = 0.004) and DPG/hemoglobin concentrations (19.4 +/- 1.7 increased to 29.4 +/- 0. 4 micromol/g, P = 0.004). Two performance variables, heart rate recovery postexercise and lactate recovery, were faster after acclimatization.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗
PubMed1999

High-altitude effects on respiratory gases, acid-base balance and pulmonary artery pressures in equids.

Arterial and venous blood were analysed at rest and post exercise for pH, PCO2, and PO2, and bicarbonate ([HCO3-]), base excess (BE), and strong ion difference (SID) were calculated in response to a 10 day sojourn to 3800 m. Pulmonary artery pressures (PAP) were measured at rest. Post exercise samples were restricted to venous blood. The equids (n = 6) experienced a profound hypoxia-hypocapnia and a respiratory alkalosis. PaO2 decreased 42% and PaCO2 41%. PaCO2 increased to 80% of initial values after 8 days at altitude. Arterial [HCO3-] decreased by 34%; however, it returned to normal by Day 4. Base excess decreased initially, but increased at altitude with time. Strong ion difference was decreased during the altitude exposure and continued to be depressed even after return to low altitude. Pulmonary artery pressure increased 63% on Day 1 of exposure (from 27.9 +/- 2 to 45.4 +/- 3 mmHg); Days 2 and 6 averaged 36.3 +/- 3 and 37.5 +/- 3 mmHg. Thirty-six hours after return to 225 m, most variables (except [SID] and post exercise BE) returned to normal. The most profound changes in the indicators of gas exchange, at altitude, occurred during the first 3 days and only [HCO3-] returned to normal during the subsequent acclimatization to altitude.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1990

Studies up to 1980 on stroke rehabilitation outcomes.

Although rehabilitation potentials are meant to be used in prognosis, they differ from the usual prognostic signs in the morbidity sense because they relate to behavioral outcomes rather than cure of neurologic deficits. Survival studies have shown that stroke patients who live through the acute phase after onset survive long enough to warrant rehabilitation. The most important overall conclusion from scientific studies of predictors of stroke rehabilitation outcome is that the identified predictors were not accurate enough to predict gains in the rehabilitation process or the disposition of the individuals at discharge. Instead, these predictors can only be used in a statistical sample to describe the general criteria of those patients who would do better versus those who would do worse in rehabilitation. Some of these general indicators include those that seem to have no effect on rehabilitation outcomes--age, sex, amount of paralysis, side of brain involved, and place of residence at the time of the stroke. Those factors for which the effects are still unknown are race and prolonged specialized training period in either proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation or percent-concept organization and motor output training. Factors that positively affect rehabilitation outcomes are good family support and financial status, higher socioeconomic and educational levels, early referral to rehabilitation, and the type of rehabilitation center (comprehensive rehabilitation center versus nursing home).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1988

Stroke rehabilitation outcome studies: comparison of a Japanese facility with 17 U.S. facilities.

A Japanese university hospital collaborated with a mixed group of 17 American hospitals in using common measures of functional status and outcomes for patients undergoing rehabilitation after stroke. Management protocols were similar for all facilities. Philosophies and operational factors concerning length of stay and discharge destinations varied among facilities. In Japan there was little pressure for discharge of rehabilitation patients. Japanese patients were kept in the hospital as long as they improved in their functional scores. The Japanese sample had fewer patients with bilateral involvement, patients were younger, were admitted after a longer period of time following the onset of the stroke, had less severe disability on admission, and had longer lengths of stay, and this may have accounted for higher Barthel score gains for the Japanese sample. These factors may have worked together with the family support system in Japan to account for higher discharge rate to the community for the Japanese sample.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1984

Functional outcome of closed head injury in children and young adults.

A comprehensive questionnaire which measured gross and fine motor function in the area of cognition, communication, and social development was completed by parents of children and young adults who had suffered severe closed head injuries between the years 1967 and 1978. The final sample included 42 returned questionnaires. Of these patients, 15 (37%) were considered independent, 20 (49%) dependent, and 6 (14%) had died. The area of cognition and communication dysfunction seemed to contribute most to dependency. The younger age group and the patients who were comatose for a shorter period of time tended to do the best functionally. While severe closed head injury can result in significant disability, many patients can achieve functional independence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Strategies for recruiting medical students to physical medicine and rehabilitation.

Estimations that the incidence of need for health care among the chronically ill exceeds the need for acute episodic health care in the rest of the population indicate a misdirection of the focus of medical education. Estimates indicate not enough psychiatrists will be trained under the present program to meet the existing demands. Unless there can be some material increase in the number of psychiatrists trained, it appears that there will be extensive disability persisting because of lack of rehabilitation. Failure to expose medical students to rehabilitation, the lack of role models to demonstrate how a psychiatrist practices, and the less dramatic progress which occurs in rehabilitation all decrease the attractiveness of rehabilitation medicine for the medical student. The objective of this study was to develop suggestions for strategies to attract and recruit medical students into physical medicine and rehabilitation. The Regional Advisory Council of the Research and Training Center #2 at the University of Minnesota was asked to brainstorm as a group such suggestions. As a result 37 suggestions were generated which were grouped under 5 headings: A. Whom to recruit; B. Methods; C. Time and Place; D. Impediments; E. Advantages of a career in PM & R. Suggestions in each of the categories were then prioritized.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1983

Urinary tract care: improvement through patient education.

The purpose of this study was to determine if a special program of patient and family education in urinary tract care would result in improved control of urinary tract infection (UTI) by spinal cord injury patients at home. The Williamson Functional Impairment Scale, modified to measure outcomes of impairment due to UTI, was applied to 54 patients in 1975 and to 21 in 1979. Patients in the latter group had completed a special urinary tract care education program of classes, reading material, written examinations, and demonstrations of acquired skills. At follow-up, only 32% of the patients in the 1975 group were asymptomatic of UTI, compared with 71% of the 1979 group. Only 5% of the patients in the 1979 group lost time from their usual daily activities, compared with 23% of the 1975 group. The improvements in impairment outcomes were not related to a reduction in the incidence of confirmed or suspected UTI (found in 63% of patients in the 1975 group and 62% of patients in the 1979 group). It is concluded that the 1979 group recognized symptoms earlier and took definitive action which resulted in less impairment and time lost due to UTI. The patient education program did result in improved urinary tract care after discharge.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1979

Psychosocial factors associated with pressure sores.

To determine if psychosocial factors, not purely mechanical aspects, play an important part in the incidence of pressure sores, 141 subjects were tested on 3 psychosocial measures. Results indicate that differences exist among groups in pressure sore history and psychosocial measures. Contrary to the expectations of a mechanical skin problem model, quadriplegics as a group (rather than paraplegics) had a history of fewer pressure sores. Two variables, the subject's responsibility in skin care (RESPON) and his satisfaction with the activiities of life (SATIS), were significantly associated with the incidence of decubitus ulcers. The combination of RESPON, SATIS, and the total positive score from the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale in multiple linear regression accounted for (1) 26% of the pressure sore history in the total sample, (2) 40% in the paraplegic group, (3) 69% in the paraplegic with help group, and (4) 41% in the paraplegic without help group. The histories in the quadriplegic groups and subgroups did not show reliable associations with the 3 variables. SATIS contributed most in accounting for the incidence of pressure sores. The level of injury and these psychosocial factors are thus related to the incidence of pressure sores.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1979

Quality of care for completed stroke without rehabilitation: evaluation by assessing patient outcomes.

Using the method of quality assurance of stroke rehabilitation developed at the University of Minnesota (UMn) by assessing patient outcomes on the basis of a modification of the Williamson Functional Limitation Scale (WFLS), 84 patients (group H) with completed stroke were surveyed 8 months to 13 years following treatment without rehabilitation at Hennepin County General Hospital. Because a greater percentage (42%) than estimated (29%) had died, the percentage of those not independent in self-care (31%) was less than estimated (46%). These patients were not matched with a group given rehabilitation (group U) previously studied at UMn but were generally less severely involved, although older on the average. However, even so, only 47% of those still living were independent in self-care in group H in contrast to 69% in group U. Also 42% of group H were in nursing homes or board-and-care facilities while only 18% of the rehabilitated group were. Although the modified WFLS is used in outcome studies for quality of rehabilitation, it is even sensitive enough to show differences in outcomes in a comparative study such as this.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1978

Stroke rehabilitation: a reconsideration of some common attitudes.

Some common, yet erroneous, attitudes and perceptions about stroke still persist. These warrant reconsideration: (1) benefits of stroke rehabilitation (including validity of its basis, life expectancy, adequacy in nursing homes, outcome prediction, cost benefits, and vocational outcome); (2) gait training (including evaluation methods, gait patterns, hand supports, sensory deficits, and types of braces); (3) effects of training on regaining balance; (4) spasticity (as a negative factor, enhancement by spring-action brace, benefit of inhibition training, and importance of antispasmotic drugs); (5) danger of early activity; (6) depression; (7) effects on patients' sexuality; (8) effects of communication impairments on learning abilities as well as effectiveness of speech therapy; (9) application of neurphysiological principles (regarding decreasing synaptic resistance, applications of principles from cerebral palsy training, and benefits of training for percept-concept-motor function deficits); and (10) research including reliability of past reports and paucity of facilities for new research.

Attitude↗