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Biomedical subjects

T Otsuka

Publications and source records attributed to T Otsuka.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Useful ICP monitoring with subarachnoid catheter method in severe head injuries.

ICP in 233 patients with severe head injuries was monitored utilizing a subarachnoid catheter technique. The relationships between initial ICP and GCS, between initial ICP and GOS, between maximal ICP and GCS, and between maximal ICP and GOS were examined statistically. The correlation was significant in each case, but particularly so between maximal ICP and GOS. Thus morbidity and mortality may be dependent upon maximal ICP. Catheterization of the subarachnoid space presents little difficulty using a Tuohy needle for epidural anesthesia as an introducer. Though the catheter is very fine (1.0 mm in outer diameter), failure of waveform occurred in only 2.1% of all patients. The procedure can be easily performed at the bedside, is safe, inexpensive, and useful for the management of severe head injuries. Meningitis was recognized in 4.7% of all patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

A new screening test for dementia.

The purpose of this study is to develop a new screening test for detecting the demented elderly in the early stage in communities. The test is easy to apply for consultation, guidance and care and is capable of administering differential diagnoses. Based on the 9 dementia rating scales used in Japan, Europe and the U.S., a new test was completed after investigating and modifying the design 5 times. The test consists of 20 items. This test was given to 203 subjects (59 males and 144 females) including normal elderly as well as those suspected of suffering from dementia. The internal consistency, reliability and validity were studied using clinical diagnoses (diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III) and Karasawa's Criteria for Judging Senility), Hasegawa's Dementia Rating Scale and Mental Status Questionnaire (MSQ) as external criteria. The present test was confirmed to have sufficient effectiveness as the screening test for dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Peptide histidine methionine may be a prolactin-releasing hormone in humans.

Peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) was initially isolated from the porcine gastrointestinal tract and may be present in the brain. It has been suggested that PHI may be PRL-releasing hormone (PRH) because of its potent PRL-releasing activity and its existence in hypophysial portal plasma in rats. Vasoactive intestinal peptide and PHI are coded by the same gene, and human PHI has a C-terminal methionine instead of isoleucine [peptide histidine methionine (PHM)]. To investigate the possibility that PHM is a physiological PRH in humans, we measured the immunoreactive PHM concentration in human hypothalamic tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using a specific RIA. We also examined in vivo the PRH activity of synthetic PHM. The human hypothalamus contained 19.3 +/- 6.2 (+/- SD; n = 5) pmol/hypothalamus, very similar to the content of GHRH or CRH. Immunoreactive PHM was also present in CSF; its levels in CSF were significantly lower in patients with prolactinomas than in control subjects. The CSF PHM levels in such patients increased after correction of hyperprolactinemia by long term bromocriptine therapy. The CSF PHM levels also were low in pregnant women. There was a significant negative correlation between plasma PRL and CSF PHM levels in all of these subjects. Gel filtration profiles of CSF extracts from normal subjects revealed two peaks of immunoreactive PHM: a high mol wt peak and one at the elution position of synthetic PHM. This profile resembled that of hyppothalamic extract. In contrast, only high mol wt material was detected in CSF from hyperprolactinemic subjects. Intravenous administration of synthetic PHM elicited a significant increase in plasma PRL in normal subjects; the responses to PHM were higher in women than in men. The presence of large amounts of immunoreactive PHM in the human hypothalamus suggests that PHM may participate in the regulation of anterior pituitary hormone secretion. Its specific PRL-releasing activity in vivo and the low CSF PHM levels of hyperprolactinemic subjects suggest that PHM may be a physiological PRH in humans.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Effects of recombinant human interleukin-3 on CD34-enriched normal hematopoietic progenitors and on myeloblastic leukemia cells.

Induction of proliferation and differentiation in response to recombinant human interleukin-3 (hIL-3) was studied in liquid and semisolid cultures of umbilical cord blood and bone marrow cells that were fractionated by "panning" with anti-My10 antibody according to expression of CD34 antigen. Cells from enriched fractions (70% to 90% CD34+) were found to proliferate strongly in response to hIL-3. Phenotypic analysis and morphologic characterization of the proliferating cells demonstrated a rapid decrease in CD34+ cells and an exponential increase in the number of cells belonging to the neutrophilic, eosinophilic, monocyte/macrophage, and thrombocytic lineages. When combined with recombinant human erythropoietin, burst colonies and cells expressing glycophorin-A were detected, thereby demonstrating the effects of hIL-3 on erythroid progenitors. Further, the development of mixed-erythroid colonies indicated that multipotential cells within CD34-enriched fractions responded to hIL-3. In addition, we examined the effect of hIL-3 on the proliferation of primary acute myeloblastic leukemia cells in liquid culture. We found that hIL-3 was able to induce cell proliferation in a proportion of the cases tested. Heterogeneity of the responses to hIL-3 was in part related to French-American-British classification but could not be correlated with CD34 antigen expression by the leukemic cells. These results indicate that, although the effects of hIL-3 on proliferation and differentiation of cells obtained from normal hematopoietic specimens were primarily borne by CD34+ cells, expression of the CD34 molecule per se is an insufficient condition to determine a growth response to this lymphokine.

Antigens, CD34↗
PubMed1988

Expression of the granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene in leukemic blast cells from patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia.

Since granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been reported to stimulate the proliferation of clonogenic leukemia cells from patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia in vitro, the expression of the GM-CSF gene in primary human leukemic blast cells was studied. T-cell-depleted mononuclear cells in freshly drawn peripheral blood from patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) were subjected to the study. The expression of the GM-CSF gene was detected by Northern blotting analysis using [32P]GM-CSF as a probe. The GM-CSF gene was expressed in two out of five cases examined. In both of the patients who showed GM-CSF expression, remission could not be achieved.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

[Continuous measurement of energy expenditure in ventilated patients suffering from severe head injury].

In 9 severe head injuries whose respiration was controlled by a ventilator, continuous measurements of energy expenditure (MEE) were carried out by the ERICA Metabolic Computer. Age was ranged 19 to 69 years old (Mean 48.3 years). Glasgow Coma Scale score was 3 to 11 which were assessed the best score during 6 hours of admission. The MEE was carried out within 7 days of admission and was continued to measure more than 3 days. It measured O2 consumption and CO2 output, and calculated the indirect energy expenditure. The data were displayed and recorded every 1, 15, 60 min. The value of MEE was compared with predicted energy expenditure (PEE) which was calculated by the Harris-Benedict formula. Out of 9 patients, 6 patients were survived. High dose barbiturate therapy was performed in 7 patients to control and decrease the intracranial hypertension. Of them 3 patients died. The value of MEE in all 9 patients was variable from 77% to 212% of PEE. The value of MEE in 6 survived patients was 98.0 to 212.0% of PEE. Out of 6 patients, 4 patients who were administered high dose barbiturate showed variable data of MEE. Two patients showed about 100% of the PEE, one showed about 150%, and another one about 200%. Remaining 2 survivors who were not administered barbiturate showed about 125% of PEE, which was low value. These results were divided into two groups. In 2 patients, the value of MEE was 150% or more in spite of barbiturate therapy. In remaining 7 patients, the value of MEE was 125% or less of PEE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in acute severe head injury].

Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (TSAH) is a frequent occurrence resulting from acute severe head injury. Computerized tomography (CT) accurately identifies the region, extent and nature of TSAH following trauma. But, to our knowledge, there have been few series detailing the characteristics of TSAH in acute severe head injury. The purpose of this study is to describe the findings, nature and prognosis of TSAH. Over a six and a half year period between April 1977 and September 1983, 414 severely head injured patients were examined by CT within 24 hours of the injury in the Department of Neurological Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School. Among them, 97 (23.4%) patients showed the appearance of TSAH in the Sylvian fissures, tentorium cerebelli, cortical sulci, basal cisterns and interhemispheric fissures. Conscious state on admission was defined using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and clinical outcome was defined using Glasgow Outcome Scale. There were 77 men and 20 women, ranging from 4 months to 83 years in age (means 44.3 years). TSAH therefore appears to be seen in all age groups, but especially in middle age groups. The GCS on admission was 8 or less in all cases; the GCS was 8 in 10 cases, 7 in 7 cases, 6 in 15 cases, 5 in 16 cases, 4 in 23 cases, 3 in 26 cases. The lower GCS scores, the more frequently TSAH was identified, and 67% of the patients had a GCS of 6 or less.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Multipotent hemopoietic progenitor cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Hematologic abnormalities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied before treatment, using an in vitro bone marrow progenitor cell assay. In 10 patients with SLE, there was a decrease in the number of multipotent hemopoietic colonies. Multipotent colony formation was suppressed by the addition of T cells from the patients with SLE. The culture supernatant of phytohemagglutinin stimulated SLE leukocytes had diminished activity to support the multipotent colony formation. These results suggest that the hematologic abnormalities in SLE occur at the multipotent stem cell level. The T cell mediated suppression of hemopoietic progenitor cells and the diminished activity of humoral factors released from SLE leukocytes may play some role in the pathogenesis of hematologic abnormalities in SLE.

Bone Marrow↗