[Diurnal variation of aqueous flare in normal human eyes measured with laser flare-cell meter].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
T Oshika
Publications and source records attributed to T Oshika.
[Experience in the use of B-Z in otorhinolaryngologic field].
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Adolescent↗
[Clinical experience with Lucidril in the field of otolaryngology].
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Adolescent↗
Current trends in cataract and refractive surgery in Japan: 1999 survey.
PURPOSE: The eighth annual survey was carried out by mail in February 2000 to investigate the current trends in cataract and refractive surgery in Japan. RESPONDENTS: Questionnaires were sent to 930 ophthalmologist members of the Japanese Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery. Data received from 457 (49.1%) of the recipients were cross-analyzed and compared with those from the previous surveys. RESULTS: In cataract surgery, 17% of respondents were doing 51 or more cases per month, 94% preferred phacoemulsification, 58% employed the self-sealing wound closure technique, and 26% used topical anesthesia for phacoemulsification. In refractive surgery, excimer laser surgery and astigmatic keratotomy attracted notably high interest, while less attention was directed toward radial keratotomy and intrastromal corneal ring. Laser in situ keratomileusis, photorefractive keratectomy, phakic intraocular lens, intrastromal corneal ring, and radial keratotomy were judged to be useful refractive surgical procedures by 69.0%, 40.0%, 24.6%, 14.2%, and 8.0% of the respondents, respectively. CONCLUSION: There are trends toward more surgical procedures performed by a surgeon, shorter period of hospitalization, and increasing preference for small incision cataract surgery. Refractive surgery is not yet widely performed, but laser in situ keratomileusis is viewed as the most promising procedure.
Adult↗
Factors contributing to corneal complications after vitrectomy in diabetic patients.
PURPOSE: To elucidate factors contributing to corneal complications after vitrectomy in diabetic patients. METHODS: The records of a series of 129 diabetic patients (202 eyes) who underwent pars plana vitrectomy performed by a single surgeon between March 1997 and February 1999 were analyzed retrospectively. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine possible factors contributing to corneal complications. RESULTS: Of the 202 eyes, 102 (50.5%) developed corneal complications after surgery; 90 (44.6%) had epithelial disturbance; and 48 (23.8%) had corneal edema. The degree of surgical invasion during vitrectomy was significantly correlated with the occurrence of epithelial disturbance and corneal edema. CONCLUSION: Surgical invasion is a risk factor for corneal complications after vitrectomy in diabetic patients.
Corneal Diseases↗
Endothelin-1 and intraocular inflammation in pigmented rabbit eyes.
We assessed the function of Endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the development of anterior chamber inflammation in pigmented rabbit eyes. After the injection of ET-1 solution (10(-13), 10(-11), 10(-9), or 10(-7) M, diluted with 300 microL of artificial aqueous humor) into the anterior chamber, the aqueous protein concentration (APC) increased significantly in a dose-dependent fashion. Peak effects were observed 1-2 hours posttreatment. The APC returned to normal 12 hours after the injection. Pretreatment with antiprostaglandin agents, topical indomethacin, or intravenous diclofenac sodium suppressed the increase in APC. In an endotoxin-induced experimental uveitis model, the ET-1 concentration in the aqueous humor was significantly higher than in normal controls, as was the plasma ET-1 level. These results suggest that ET-1 is an important mediator in ocular inflammatory reactions via arachidonic acid cascade.
Animals↗
The pachymeter guide: a new device to facilitate accurate corneal thickness measurement.
A pachymeter guide has been developed to facilitate precise positioning of the ultrasonic pachymeter tip, making corneal thickness measurement much faster and more reproducible. This guide also makes pachymetry more accurate by preventing dehydration of the cornea, avoiding undue pressure on the cornea, and limiting tilting of the pachymeter tip.
Astigmatism↗
Current trends in cataract and refractive surgery in Japan: 1996 survey.
A fifth annual survey was carried out by mail in February 1997 to investigate the current trends in cataract and refractive surgery in Japan. A questionnaire was sent to 867 ophthalmologist members of the Japanese Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery. Data received from 440 (50.7%) of the recipients were cross-analyzed and compared with those from the previous surveys. For cataract surgery, there have been trends toward more surgical procedures performed by a surgeon, shorter period of hospitalization, and increased number of outpatient surgery. Ninety percent of respondents preferred phacoemulsification, 42% employed the self-sealing wound closure technique, and 26% used topical anesthesia for phacoemulsification. As for refractive surgery, surgeons remained rather conservative, with 26% and 6% of surgeons doing astigmatic keratotomy and refractive keratotomy, respectively.
Adult↗
Pupillary functions after cataract surgery using flexible iris retractor in patients with small pupil.
PURPOSE: To quantitatively assess pupillary functions after small pupil cataract surgery using the flexible iris retractor. METHODS: Subjects were 11 patients (12 eyes) with small pupils who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. Pupils were enlarged using the flexible iris retractor intraoperatively, and postoperative iriscorder data were compared with the data of 20 normal controls who underwent standard phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. RESULTS: Although pupillary area before light stimulus did not differ between the groups, contraction rate after light stimulus was significantly lower in the small pupil group than in the normal controls. The velocity of contraction and dilation was also significantly slower in the small pupil group. Wider pupillary stretching during surgery resulted in deteriorated pupillary functions after surgery. Eyes of patients on long-term miotic therapy with pilocarpine showed poorer pupillary reaction postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Inappropriate use of the flexible iris retractor causes an atonic, chronically enlarged postoperative pupil. To avoid postoperative pupillary complications, miotic pupils should not be stretched to larger than a 5.0 x 5.0 mm square.
Aged↗
Current trends in cataract and refractive surgery in Japan: 1997 survey.
PURPOSE: A sixth annual survey was carried out by mail in January 1998, to investigate the current trends in cataract and refractive surgery in Japan. RESPONDENTS: Questionnaires were sent to 816 ophthalmologist members of the Japanese Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery. Data received from 409 (50.1%) of the recipients were cross-analyzed and compared with those from the previous surveys. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In cataract surgery, there have been trends toward more surgical procedures performed by a surgeon, shorter period of hospitalization, and increased number of outpatient surgery. Ninety-two percent of respondents preferred phacoemulsification, 54% used the self-sealing wound-closure technique, and 19% used topical anesthesia for phacoemulsification. As for refractive surgery, surgeons remained rather conservative; with 28% and 7% of surgeons doing astigmatic keratotomy and refractive keratotomy, respectively. Photorefractive keratectomy, laser in situ keratomileusis, and phakic intraocular lens were judged to be useful refractive surgical procedures by 56.6%, 43.3%, and 25.1% of the respondents, respectively.
Adult↗
Long-term follow-up of excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy.
PURPOSE: To evaluate long-term follow-up results of excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) in a Japanese population. METHODS: Twenty-six patients (31 eyes) with corneal opacity were treated with excimer laser PTK. Preoperative diagnoses included 16 eyes with band keratopathy, 10 with granular dystrophy, and 5 with corneal scar. Mean postoperative follow-up was 27 months. RESULTS: Corneal opacity was reduced in all patients. At postoperative month 12, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) improved from the preoperative level in 22 eyes of 28 eyes, did not change in 3 eyes, and declined in 3 eyes. BSCVA at month 24 was better than the preoperative acuity in 17 eyes of 23 eyes, similar in 1 eye, and worse in 5 eyes. Eyes with granular dystrophy showed significantly better BSCVA improvement than those with band keratopathy. A hyperopic shift of +1.0 diopter or more occurred in 14 eyes of 28 eyes at month 12 and in 12 eyes of 23 eyes at month 24. No serious adverse effects were encountered during the 3-year follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Excimer laser PTK is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of Japanese patients with superficial corneal opacity.
Adult↗
Comparison of diclofenac and fluorometholone in preventing cystoid macular edema after small incision cataract surgery: a multicentered prospective trial.
PURPOSE: To compare a nonsteroidal topical solution (0.1% diclofenac) to a steroidal topical solution (0.1% fluorometholone) in preventing cystoid macular edema (CME) and disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier. METHODS: A multicentered, prospective clinical trial was performed on eyes undergoing phacoemulsification followed by implantation of a foldable acrylic intraocular lens by the envelope technique. The presence and degree of cystoid macula edema (CME) was determined by fluorescein angiography. A breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier was determined by laser flare-cell photometry. RESULTS: Five weeks after surgery, CME was present in 3 of 53 eyes (5.7%) receiving diclofenac and in 29 of 53 eyes (54.7%) receiving fluorometholone. This difference was statistically significant (P < .001). The amount of flare in the anterior chamber at 3 days, 1, 2, 5, and 8 weeks after surgery was also significantly lower (P < .01-P < .001) in the diclofenac group. The degree of flare at 3 days, 1, 2, 5, and 8 weeks after surgery was significantly higher in eyes with CME (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that diclofenac effectively prevents CME following cataract surgery and that CME is closely related to the breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier.
Aged↗
A 10-year review of penetrating keratoplasty.
PURPOSE: To survey the changes in indications for penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) and re-evaluate the risk factors for allograft rejection and graft failure. METHODS: We evaluated the records of 396 eyes of 335 patients who had undergone PKP at the Tokyo University Hospital between 1987 and 1997. Clinical results were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier life table method and the log-rank test. RESULTS: The overall rates of graft survival and rejection-free graft survival at 10 years were 72.2% and 76.8%, respectively. The rates of graft survival and rejection-free graft survival were 98.8% and 86.6% in keratoconus, 87.0% and 56.5% in herpetic keratitis, 76.9% and 73.1% in corneal dystrophy and degeneration, 69.4% and 80.6% in nonherpetic keratitis, 62.5% and 75.0% in chemical burns, 61.8% and 72.1% in regrafting, and 51.1% and 79.8% in bullous keratopathy, respectively. The graft survival rates were statistically higher in the PKP alone group than in the combined operation group. The graft survival and rejection-free graft survival rates were statistically higher in the first operation group than in the regrafted group, and in the avascular cornea group than in the vascular cornea group. CONCLUSIONS: We recognized changes in indications for PKP. Combined operation, reoperation, and vascularization of recipient cornea were risk factors for graft failure.
Adolescent↗
Current trends in cataract and refractive surgery in Japan: 1998 survey.
PURPOSE: A seventh annual survey was carried out by mail in February 1999 to investigate the current trends in cataract and refractive surgery in Japan. METHODS: Questionnaires were sent to 925 ophthalmologist members of the Japanese Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery. Data received from 411 (44.4%) of the recipients were cross-analyzed and compared with those from the previous surveys. RESULTS: In cataract surgery, 93% of respondents preferred phacoemulsification, 58% employed the self-sealing wound closure technique, and 23% used topical anesthesia for phacoemulsification. CONCLUSIONS: There have been trends toward more surgical procedures performed by a surgeon, shorter period of hospitalization, and increased number of outpatient procedures. In refractive surgery, surgeons remained rather conservative; with 26% and 5% of surgeons doing astigmatic keratotomy and refractive keratotomy, respectively. Photorefractive keratectotomy, laser in situ keratomileusis, phakic intraocular lens, and intrastromal corneal ring were judged to be useful refractive surgical procedures by 58.2%, 69.5%, 25.4%, and 8. 8% of the respondents, respectively.
Adult↗
Long-term effects of topical cyclosporine A treatment after penetrating keratoplasty.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term outcome of topical 2% cyclosporine A (CsA) treatment as an adjunct to topical corticosteroid treatment of patients after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). METHODS: We reviewed the records of 83 patients (86 eyes) who had undergone PKP and received topical CsA treatment postoperatively; also the records of 95 PKP patients (97 eyes) who received the same treatment, except for the 2% CsA eyedrops, and served as controls. The patients were also subdivided into high-risk and low-risk groups. The clinical outcome of PKP was evaluated by the rates of graft survival and rejection-free graft survival, using the Kaplan-Meier method, and compared with the log-rank test. RESULTS: In the high-risk patients, the rejection-free graft survival rate was 69.7% in the CsA group and 45.4% in the control group (P =.030), but there was no significant difference in the graft survival rate between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Topical cyclosporine treatment is effective in reducing the risk of allograft rejection in high-risk patients.
Corneal Diseases↗
Two year clinical study of a soft acrylic intraocular lens.
PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and safety of a soft acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) in small incision cataract surgery. METHODS: Sixty-four eyes of 64 patients (mean age 71.0 +/- 7.7 [SD] years) who had phacoemulsification and implantation of a soft acrylic IOL were followed for 2 years. RESULTS: At day 1, 96.9% of patients had corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better, and 50.0% had 20/20 or better. At 2 years postoperatively, 100% had 20/40 or better, and 86.3% had 20/20. Surgically induced keratometric cylinder remained quite stable throughout the 2 year follow-up period, with axis-based astigmatism of +/- 0.3 diopters. Flare intensity measured with the laser flare-cell meter was less than that with other type of IOLs measured, including poly(methyl methacrylate) and silicone. Neodymium:YAG laser capsulotomy was performed in seven cases (11.1%). without causing damage to the optic. No other postoperative complications were encountered. CONCLUSION: Soft acrylic IOLs have clinically apparent advantages in small incision cataract surgery.
Acrylates↗
Quantification of simulated corneal haze by measuring back-scattered light.
The Scheimpflug anterior eye segment analysis system EAS-1000 was modified to specifically quantitate the degree of corneal haze. In order to confirm the basic measurement performance of the new system, TSPC-3 hazemeter, in vitro experiments were conducted. Using white latex microsphere solutions, tests were performed for the linearity of the measurements, the influence of slit lamp illuminance and the influence of the length of the light path through the latex solution. The validity of Beer's law was confirmed, indicating that a sufficiently wide range of latex concentrations (haze intensities) can be covered by the hazemeter. The scattering intensity measured with the hazemeter showed a significant linear correlation with the latex concentration. The obtained scattering intensity was directly proportional to the illuminance of the slit lamp. The ratio of integrated scattering values was proportional to that of the light path length. It was shown that the TSPC-3 hazemeter possesses sufficient capability for a quantitative evaluation of corneal haze.
Calibration↗
Fourier analysis of irregular astigmatism after trabeculectomy.
OBJECTIVE: To examine irregular astigmatism following trabeculectomy using Fourier analysis of videokeratography data. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty eyes of 40 glaucoma patients, undergoing primary trabeculectomy, underwent videokeratographic examinations preoperatively, and at 2 weeks and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. The dioptric data of the central cornea were decomposed into spherical, regular astigmatic, and irregular astigmatic (decentration and higher-order irregularity) components using Fourier analysis. RESULTS: The mean spherical equivalent did not change throughout the observation period. The regular astigmatic component from 2 weeks to 6 months post-operatively was greater than the preoperative diopter, but the increase was not significant. In contrast, the decentration component increased significantly after surgery, but returned to the preoperative level by 12 months. The higher-order irregularity component also presented a transient increase postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Irregular astigmatism, particularly decentration component, increases significantly after trabeculectomy, but returns to the preoperative level 12 months after surgery.
Adult↗