Intensity of mononuclear cell infiltrates in 50 oral cancer tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemical stainings. The intensity of the infiltrates was graded into four degrees from marked ( ) to absent (-); and the degree of each infiltrated lymphocyte subpopulation including Leu-3a3b/Leu-2a ratio was matched against clinical and histopathologic features. The vast majority of the infiltrated lymphocytes had antigens which were reactive with anti-T cell antibodies. In T cell subsets, Leu-3a3b+ cells infiltrated clearly (grade ++ or ) in 44 cases, and infiltration greater than grade ++ of Leu-2a+ cells was found in nearly half of the cases (26 of 50). In contrast, B cells (Leu-14+ cells) were obviously detectable in only a few cases, and moderate or marked infiltration of the natural killer (NK) population (Leu-11b+ cells) was not observed. Regarding correlation of T cell infiltrates with clinicopathologic features of the tumors, the degrees of Leu-4+ cell and Leu-2a+ cell infiltration became weak with advancing T stage. Leu-2a+ cells also infiltrated weakly into diffusely invading tumors. Out of 28 cases with no metastasis, 22 cases (78.6%) showed grade ++ approximately of Leu-2a+ cells, and only 4 (18.2%) of 22 cases with lymph node metastasis were clearly positive for Leu-2a+ cells (p less than 0.001). However, Leu-3a3b+ cell infiltration was only slightly related to T stage, metastasis, and to mode of invasion. Therefore, the Leu-3a3b/Leu-2a ratio increased significantly in advanced (T3 + T4) tumors, metastasized cases, or diffuse invasion type.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Basement membrane type IV collagen in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Biopsied specimens of 82 oral squamous cell carcinomas were immunohistochemically studied for detection of type IV collagen existence in the basement membrane (BM). Immunoreactivity on BM was semiquantitatively evaluated as limited (+/-), moderate (+), or extensive (+ +), and matched against clinical and histopathologic features. No clear difference in BM deposition could be found in the tumor sites. The amount of type IV collagen decreased in advanced T stage (T3 and T4) tumors. BM deposition was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis. In 54 N-, 32 had extensive deposition, 18 had moderate, and the remaining had limited. Conversely, only 5 of 28 N+ cases showed good type IV collagen immunoreactivity and 14 cases exhibited limited BM deposition. BM existence was also associated with the mode of invasion. BM deposition decreased in order with the grade (i.e., the more limited the BM deposition, the more diffuse the invasion mode). BM deposition was, however, not related with stromal responses, such as cellular infiltrates and fibrosis. We conclude that immunohistochemical examinations of BM deposition on biopsied specimens seem beneficial for cancer treatment.

Basement Membrane↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Distribution of surviving tumor cells after chemoradiotherapy in tongue and floor of mouth carcinomas.

BACKGROUND: Conservative surgery according to the clinical response to induction therapy is applied in breast carcinomas but not yet in head and neck carcinomas. The possibility of conservative surgery after induction therapy for preservation of function was examined. METHODS: Forty-three tongue and 15 floor of mouth carcinomas that had received induction therapy and tumor resection were submitted for a comparative investigation on the clinical effect of induction therapy and cancer cell degeneration, which was examined in semiserial specimens from the bread-loaf sections of the excised materials, and a classification of the surviving tumor cell distribution in the tissue was proposed. The distribution was divided into four patterns according to the dispersion and volume of the remaining tumor cells (pattern I, no surviving tumor cells; pattern IIA, viable tumor cells in the central superficial region of the original tumor tissue; pattern IIB, viable cells in the superficial portion, but distributed widely; pattern III, massive tumor cell nests in the deep portion, but centrally localized; pattern IVA, sporadical viable cell islands, but not in the periphery; and pattern IVB, diffuse viable cells scattered throughout the original tumor tissue). RESULTS: The original tumor size did not affect the remaining viable tumor cell distribution pattern, but sporadic distribution patterns (patterns IVA and IVB) were observed in most of the T4 cases. In many cases, especially in tumors of the nondiffuse invasion type (invasion of grade 1 and 2), the tumor remission rate was inversely correlated with the dispersion of the viable tumor cells. However, some cases of grade 3 and 4 invasion exhibited sporadical surviving tumor cells even though a high tumor remission rate was obtained. These tumors, especially those located on the floor of the mouth, recurred with high frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Conservative surgery can be applied to nondiffuse invasion cases, according to the tumor remission rate. In T3 and T4 cases exhibiting grade 3 or 4 invasion, conservative surgery is ill-advised, even if more than 90% tumor remission is obtained.

Carcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prophylaxis of oral mucositis associated with chemoradiotherapy for oral carcinoma by Azelastine hydrochloride (Azelastine) with other antioxidants.

BACKGROUND: One of the dose-limiting adverse effects of chemoradiotherapy is mucositis, especially oral mucositis. Prophylaxis of severe mucosal reaction would allow application of aggressive chemoradiotherapy to malignancies. METHODS: Sixty-three patients who received inductive concomitant chemoradiotherapy with cobalt 60 (60Co, approximately 30 Gy), peplomycin (PLM, approximately 38 mg), and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, approximately 3,500 mg) were included in this study. From the start of therapy to the disappearance of oral erosion, 37 patients received daily doses of Azelastine (2 mg) + vitamin C (500 mg) + vitamin E (200) + glutathione (200 mg) (azelastine group), whereas the other 26 patients received the same regimen without azelastine (control group). The severity of oral mucositis in both groups was evaluated periodically. RESULTS: At 10 Gy with 15 mg PLM and 1,250 mg 5-FU, grade 1 mucositis (redness of the oral mucosa) was induced in 14 patients in the control group and five patients in the Azelastine group. At 20 Gy with 30 mg PLM and 2,500 mg 5-FU, grade 2 (erosion with mild irritation) and grade 3 (extensive erosion with marked irritation) stomatitis were observed in 9 and 3 of the control patients and 5 and 1 in the Azelastine group, respectively. At the completion of treatment, mucositis in 21 patients in the Azelastine group remained at grade 1 or grade 2, whereas grades 3 and 4 (ulceration with severe contact pain) mucositis were observed in 6 and 10 patients, respectively. However, in the control group, grades 1 and 2 were observed in only 2 and 3 cases, whereas grades 3 and 4 stomatitis were induced in 6 and 15, respectively. Azelastine suppressed neutrophil respiratory burst both in vivo and in vitro, and also suppressed cytokine release from lymphocytes. However, neutrophil superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was negligibly suppressed. CONCLUSION: A regimen including Azelastine, which suppresses reactive oxygen production and stabilizes cell membranes, may be useful for the prophylaxis of mucositis due to chemoradiotherapy.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluations of p53 immunoreactivity, nucleolar organizer regions, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in non-small cell lung carcinoma.

We examined p53 protein expression, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and argyrophilic nuclear organizer regions (AgNOR), in 102 patients with surgically-treated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). p53 positive cases with DO-1 were defined when more than 10% of the tumor cell nuclei were stained. Mean AgNOR count and PCNA LI were 2.80 and 40.7 and there were no significant differences of AgNOR count and PCNA LI between p53 positive and negative cases. We assessed the relationship between the p53 immunoreactivity and various clinical or pathological parameters. p53 positive rate of stage III disease (46.3%) was significantly higher than that of stage II disease (28.6%). The p53 positive rate of squamous cell carcinoma (42.1%) tended to be higher than that of adenocarcinoma (33.9%). In the survival curves of patients with NSCLC according to the p53 immunoreactivity, there was no significant difference between p53 positive and negative cases. Eight potential prognostic parameters (p53 immunoreactivity, AgNOR count, PCNA LI, sex, age, year of operation, histology, and stage) were also estimated, using univariate and multivariate analysis. In univariate analysis, PCNA LI and AgNOR count, and stage were significantly related to shortened survival. In multivariate analysis, PCNA LI, Age, and stage were independently associated with shortened survival of NSCLC patients. PCNA staining may be more useful than p53 and AgNOR staining in assessing the aggressiveness of surgically-treated NSCLC, although the most useful clinical prognostic parameter should be achieved by the combined analysis of several prognostic indicators.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pleural retraction and intra-tumoral air-bronchogram as prognostic factors for stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma following complete resection.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We have retrospectively analyzed the postoperative prognostic factors for 116 patients with stage I adenocarcinoma, with special reference to pleural retraction and intra-tumoral air-bronchogram imaged by computed tomography, which may represent the biological features of pulmonary adenocarcinoma for the retraction of surrounding tissues due to central necrosis and air space-lining growth, respectively. METHODS: The subgroups divided according to the presence of pleural retraction and/or intra-tumoral air-bronchogram on pre-operative CT were compared with respect to the postoperative disease-free survival (DFS) and other clinico-pathological factors. RESULTS: The rates of DFS at 5 years associated with 61 patients with pleural retraction and with 55 patients without pleural retraction were 64.4% and 91.3%, respectively (P = 0.0052), and those associated with 83 patients with air-bronchogram-positive tumors and with 33 patients with air-bronchogram-negative tumors were 81.8% and 64.8%, respectively (P = 0.0040). The DFS at 5 years associated with T1 (73 patients) and T2 (43 patients) were 83.6% and 64.3%, respectively (P = 0.0153). The Cox proportional hazards model analysis revealed that the presence of pleural retraction and the absence of air-bronchogram were independent factors for poor prognosis with relative risks of 7.8 and 5.1, respectively. Pathological T factor was also a significant prognostic factor with a relative risk of 3.2. Seventeen patients with pleural retraction-positive and air-bronchogram-negative tumors showed the high recurrence rate of 47.5% and a poor prognosis with DFS at 5 years of 35.1%. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that, in stage I adenocarcinoma, the degree of malignant potential may be well figured by radiological imaging, with a significant affect on susceptibility of recurrence following complete resection.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of Y box-binding protein-1 correlates with DNA topoisomerase IIalpha and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in lung cancer.

Y box-binding protein-1 (YB-1), a member of the DNA binding protein family, interacts with inverted CCAAT boxes (Y-boxes). Y-boxes are located on the promoter of numerous genes, such as DNA topoisomerase IIalpha (Topo IIalpha), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1). In this study, we used immunohistochemical (IHC) staining to detect YB-1 expression in 59 lung cancer tissues and to evaluate whether YB-1 expression was associated with the expression of YB-1 target genes such as Topo IIalpha, PCNA and MDR1 in human lung carcinoma. Twenty-eight out of 59 cases (47.5%) were stained positive for YB-1 in the cytoplasm, while 30 out of 59 cases (50.8%) were positive for PCNA in the nuclei. Topo IIalpha-positive cells were detected in 16 out of 59 cases (27.1%). Eight out of 59 cases (13.6%) had greater than 5% P-gp positive cells expression. There was a significant correlation between the YB-1 and Topo IIalpha expression in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (p=0.0242). YB-1 expression also correlated with PCNA expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (p=0.0001). Higher levels of YB-1 expression were associated with T3-4 and Stage III-IV tumors in adenocarcinomas (p=0.0072; p=0.0168). In contrast, no relationship was found between YB-1 expression and P-gp expression. Our study suggests that YB-1 expression correlates with Topo IIalpha and PCNA expression in lung cancer.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Chemopreventive effects of green tea polyphenols correlate with reversible induction of p57 expression.

Green tea polyphenols are known to induce apoptosis in certain types of tumor cells. However, the mechanism(s) that enables normal cells to evade the apoptotic effect is still not understood. In this study, Western blot analysis combined with cycloheximide treatment was used to examine the effects of green tea polyphenols on the expression levels of p57, a cyclin-dependent kinase and apoptosis inhibitor, in normal human keratinocytes and in the oral carcinoma cell lines SCC25 and OSC2. The results showed that the most potent green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), induced p57 in normal keratinocytes in a dosage- and time-dependent manner, while the levels of p57 protein in oral carcinoma cells were unaltered. The differential response in p57 induction was consistent with the apoptosis status detected by annexin V assay. The data suggest that the chemopreventive effects of green tea polyphenols may involve p57-mediated cell cycle regulation in normal epithelial cells.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Proceedings: 294. Some observations on the generating mechanism of the microvibration of the body surface.

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Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Mesenteric neurofibroma with von Recklinghausen's disease: a case report.

Mesenteric neurofibroma associated with von Recklinghausen's disease is rare. Herein, we present one such case. A 15-year-old mentally retarded Japanese boy presented with destruction of the right 2nd and 3rd ribs on a routine chest roentgenogram. Physical examination revealed a funnel chest and multiple cafe-au-lait spots, but no cutaneous nodules. Although the patient had no symptoms, a computed tomography (CT) and angiogram were performed. There were no definitive findings of malignancy in the tumors. However, since there were two risk factors for malignancy, specifically, a young age at the time of diagnosis and multiple tumors, and coupled with the size of the abdominal tumor which was large, the abdominal mesenteric tumor was removed. Pathological examination showed a neurofibroma with no evidence of malignancy.

Adolescent↗