Biomedical subjects

T Onodera

Publications and source records attributed to T Onodera.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Enhancing effects of chicken egg white derivatives on the phagocytic response in the dog.

Immunostimulative effects of chicken egg white derivatives (EWD) on phagocytic responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) in dogs were evaluated by flow cytometric analysis. Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) cultured with EWD showed the enhanced phagocytic response. The response was maximal when PBL were cultured with 100 - 400 micrograms/ml of EWD for 3 - 12 hr. Furthermore, significantly increased phagocytic responses were also induced even when PBL were cultured with protein components (200 micrograms/ml) of EWD such as conalbumin, flavoprotein and ficin-papain inhibitor for 3 hr. In addition, the enhancing effect of EWD on the phagocytic responses was also observed in MNC cultured with EWD (200 micrograms/ml) for 4 hr but not in PMN cultured with EWD in the same procedures. The supplement of the supernatant (20%) of MNC cultured with EWD (200 micrograms/ml) for 24 hr at 37 degrees C to PBL and MNC resulted in the enhancement of their phagocytic responses. In contrast, the supernatant of PMN cultured with EWD for 24 hr at 37 degrees C did not show any significant enhancing effect on the phagocytic responses of PBL, MNC and PMN. These results suggest that EWD has an enhancing effect on phagocytosis of MNC and PMN, which may be mediated through active humoral substances produced by EWD-stimulated MNC.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1995

Establishment of a bovine macrophage cell line from a fetal thymus.

A cell line, FBM-17, was established from a fetal bovine thymus and passaged for more than a year. Electron microscopic examination revealed that the cytoplasm contained many phagosomes and a significant amount of rough endoplasmic reticula. In addition, FBM-17 cells showed non-specific esterase, phagocytosis and surface expression of Fc receptors for IgG and classes I and II MHC antigens. These observations confirmed that this cell line had the morphologic and functional features as a macrophage. MHC expression markedly increased by treatment with recombinant bovine gamma-interferon, showing the cell line to be sensitive to bovine gamma-interferon and functional. These present results suggest that the FBM-17 is a functional bovine macrophage cell line. This line gamma-interferon, showing the cell line to be useful for clarification of roles of macrophages in immunoregulation in cattle.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Toxicity of iodixanol, a new nonionic iso-osmolar contrast medium, to rats by repeated intravenous administration for 4 weeks with a 4-week recovery period].

Groups of 10 male and 10 female Crl: CD (SD) BR rats were given iodixanol, a radiographic contrast medium, by intravenous injection at dosage levels of 30, 100 or 300 mgI/kg/day for four weeks to evaluate its toxicity. An extra 5 rats of each sex were given 300 mgI/kg/day for 4 weeks and then retained for 4 weeks without treatment to assess recovery. No clinical signs indicative of a toxic effect of iodixanol were noted. No effects of treatment with iodixanol on bodyweight gains, food consumption, laboratory investigations, ophthalmoscopic examinations, organ weights, bone marrow smears or macroscopic pathology were noted. Treatment related changes were noted microscopically in the kidneys only. Minimal cytoplasmic vacuolation in the proximal tubules was noted in a proportion of rats given 100 mgI/kg/day and all rats given 300 mgI/kg/day at the end of the treatment period. This effect was noted not to be fully reversible during four weeks off dose although recovery did occur in some rats.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Toxicity of iodixanol, a new nonionic iso-osmolar contrast medium, to cynomolgus monkeys by repeated intravenous administration for 4 weeks with a 4-week recovery period].

Groups of 3 male and 3 female wild-caught cynomolgus monkeys were given iodixanol, a radiographic contrast medium, by intravenous injection at dosage levels of 100, 300 or 1,000 mgI/kg/day for four weeks to evaluate its toxicity. An extra 2 animals of each sex were given 1,000 mgI/kg/day for 4 weeks and then retained for 4 weeks without treatment to assess recovery. There were no deaths during the treatment period. Bruising at the injection sites was noted clinically and macroscopically was caused in part by the injection procedure itself and in part by the viscosity of the test formulation and the size of the dose. This finding is therefore, of no toxicological significance. No effects of treatment with iodixanol on body weights, food consumption, laboratory investigations, ophthalmoscopic examinations, organ weights or bone myelograms were noted. Cytoplasmic vacuolation of the kidney proximal tubules was noted with incidence and severity increasing with dosage level among animals given 100, 300 or 1,000 mgI/kg/day. This effect was noted not to be fully reversible at 1,000 mgI/kg/day after 4 weeks off-dose although reduced severity was noted and recovery was apparent in some animals.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[A controlled study of AO-90, a methionine-free intravenous amino acid solution, in combination with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C in advanced gastric cancer patients (surgery group evaluation)].

The results of recent preclinical and clinical studies suggest that AO-90, a methionine-free intravenous amino acid solution (7.43%), potentiates the antitumor effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In the present multi-center, randomized, controlled study conducted at the surgery departments of 53 institutions between July 1991 and March 1993, patients with advanced gastric cancer were randomly allocated to receive either AO-90 (500-750 mL/day, AO/MF group) or Amiparen, a commercial intravenous amino acid solution (600-800 mL/day, C/MF group) by total parenteral nutrition for 14 days. Both groups received MF therapy which consisted of a continuous infusion of 5-FU at 350 mg/m2/day for 14 days and an i.v. push of mitomycin C 7 mg/m2 on days 7 and 14 (one course). Additional treatment courses were initiated after a withdrawal period when appropriate. Of the 138 subjects enrolled, 129 (93.5%) were eligible and 119 (86.2%) completed the scheduled treatment (AO/MF group: 57, C/MF group: 62). The overall clinical response rates in the completed cases were 26.3% (15/57) in the AO/MF group and 8.1% (5/62) in the C/MF group, and the difference between the groups was significant (p = 0.015). In particular, the response rate in the postoperative recurrent patients with measurable lesions was 42.9% (12/28) in the AO/MF group versus 12.0% (3/25) in the C/MF group (p = 0.016). Further, in the patients who were previously treated with fluoropyrimidine drugs, 29.0% (9/31) responded to the AO/MF therapy versus 8.6% (3/35) in the C/MF group (p = 0.053). The treatment-related adverse reactions observed were mainly hematologic and subjective/objective symptoms, such as decreased leukocyte count and hemoglobin level, nausea/vomiting and stomatitis. The differences in the incidence were not significant between the groups. Based on these results, AO-90 in the MF regimen appears to be effective in the treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer by significantly potentiating the effects of 5-FU.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

[Quality of life in patients with advanced gastric cancer receiving AO-90, a methionine-free intravenous amino acid solution, with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C].

We conducted a randomized, multicenter, controlled trial of AO-90, a methionine-free 7.43% intravenous amino acid solution, in patients with advanced recurrent gastric cancer. The regimen used in the study was comprised of two-week treatment cycles, with a withdrawal period between cycles. During treatment, patients were given either AO-90 (500-750 ml/day; AO/MF group) or a commercial amino acid solution (600-800 ml/day; C/MF group) by total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 14 days concomitantly with MF therapy (5-fluorouracil 350 mg/m2/day, iv continuously for 14 days and mitomycin C 7 mg/m2, iv push on days 7 and 14). We interviewed 118 eligible and evaluable patients (72 men and 46 women; 59 cases in the AO/MF group and 59 in the C/MF group) about their quality of life immediately before the start of treatment, one week and two weeks after the start of treatment, and one week and two weeks after treatment. A 11-item questionnaire was used to interview the subjects: nine questions using a five-point scale, one question using a 100-mm linear visual analog scale, and one question using a five-grade face scale. Changes in the grades compared with baseline data were scored as 1 point (improvement of one grade or more, or 20 mm or more), 0 points (no changes), and-1 point (decline of one grade or more, or 20 mm or more). Before analyzing the significance, quality of life score data were adjusted by the Mantel-Haenszel method due to uneven distribution of subjects concerning baseline performance status and complications. Among the items questioned, subjects receiving AO-90 showed significantly higher scores in appetite, nausea, and ambulation at some evaluation time points than those receiving a methionine-containing TPN. The results show that AO-90 improved the quality of life of patients with advanced recurrent gastric cancer.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Prevention of reovirus type 2-induced diabetes-like syndrome in DBA/1 suckling mice by treatment with antibodies against intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1.

Reovirus type 2-induced diabetes-like syndrome in suckling mice is considered to be an animal model for human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. We have previously demonstrated that immunopathologic pancreatic islet cell damage might be relevant to reovirus type 2 infection. In this study the involvement of adhesion molecules in the development of reovirus type 2-induced diabetes-like syndrome was examined. In infected mice infiltration of mononuclear cells mixed with polymorphonuclear leucocytes in and around pancreatic islets (insulitis) was observed in association with abnormal glucose tolerance. The treatment with monoclonal antibodies against intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) prevented the development of insulitis with abnormal glucose tolerance in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that ICAM-1 and LFA-1 molecules may, at least in part, participate in islet cell damage, resulting in reovirus type 2-induced diabetes-like syndrome. The role of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 molecules on the development of insulitis is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Isolation of a cDNA encoding the chicken p50B/p97 (Lyt-10) transcription factor.

NF-kappa B is a transcription factor composed of the p50 and p65 subunits. Recent works identified another human gene which encodes a molecule related to the p50 subunit, termed p50B, p49 or lyt-10. Here, we isolated the cDNA clones encoding chicken p50B/p97 (Lyt-10). The deduced amino acid sequence of the precursor protein, p97, shows conservation of the overall structure, and 86% identity in the Rel homology domain (RHD) and 56% identity in the ankyrin repeat domain (ARD) to human p50B/p97. Expression of this gene is highest in the chicken spleen.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1994

Characterization of exogenous hydroxyl radical effects on myocardial function, metabolism and ultrastructure.

EDTA-chelated ferrous chloride (Fe(2+)-EDTA) mixed with ascorbic acid (VC) was shown in vitro to produce 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA), one of the hydroxyl radical (.OH) derivatives formed from reaction with 1 mM salicylic acid. The .OH generating system of Fe(2+)-EDTA (5, 25 and 50 microM) mixed with VC (50, 250 and 500 microM) was perfused for 15 min to the isolated rat hearts to characterize the effect of exogenous .OH on cardiac function, metabolism, and structure. A dose-effect relationship was observed between .OH dosage and ventricular dysfunction, increase in coronary flow, structural damage, decrease in ATP and increase in lipid peroxidation. Catalase (CAT, 500 U/ml) and deferoxamine (DFX, 10 mM) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced .OH formation in vitro, but superoxide dismutase (SOD, 100 U/ml) did not. When these agents were given to the heart perfused with 50 microM Fe(2+)-EDTA plus 500 microM VC, SOD failed to modify any myocardial alterations whereas CAT and DFX completely reversed them. Addition of 500 microM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to the 50 microM Fe(2+)-EDTA plus 500 microM VC further caused a 14-fold increase in .OH generation. Addition of H2O2 (500 microM) to the .OH generating mixture induced more conspicuous myocardial changes compared with the mixture without H2O2 addition, but the extent of those changes other than increase in coronary flow was less than that caused by perfusion with 500 microM H2O2 alone. These results further suggest that the cardiac changes induced by the .OH generating system are due to the combined effects of .OH and H2O2 which is formed as an intermediate product.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1994

Protective effects of serum thymic factor to Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni infection in Mongolian gerbils.

The susceptibility to Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni in Mongolian gerbils treated with 10 micrograms of serum thymic factor (FTS) 1 day before infection was examined. Susceptibility of gerbils treated 5 times with 10 micrograms of FTS was also investigated. Mortality of FTS-treated gerbils was significantly lower than that of controls when small challenge doses were used. To analyse the FTS-induced resistance to leptospiral infection, natural killer (NK) cell activity and macrophage activity were studied. Macrophage activity was unaltered but NK cell activity was enhanced in FTS-treated gerbils, with or without leptospiral infection. Since no side-effects of FTS were observed, this compound should be considered for the treatment of leptospirosis.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Molecular cloning and expression of canine interleukin 8 cDNA.

Molecular cloning of canine interleukin-8 (IL-8) was performed to establish a basis for its investigation in the canine immune system. From a cDNA pool constructed from LPS-stimulated popliteal lymph node cells, canine IL-8 cDNA covering the whole coding region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The nucleotide sequence of a canine IL-8 clone, designated pcIL-8#38, was highly similar to those of human, rabbit and porcine IL-8, and comprised 353 bp with an open reading frame that encoded 101 amino acids. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of insert DNA in pcIL-8#38 showed 76.5, 80.2, and 87.0% similarities with human, rabbit and porcine IL-8 proteins, respectively. Insert DNA of pcIL-8#38 was transferred to a mammalian expression vector, pcDL-SR alpha 296, and transfected into Cos7 cells. The supernatant of the transfectant had neutrophil chemotactic activity when it was examined by the neutrophil migration assay, suggesting that our cloned cDNA was biologically active. The cloned canine IL-8 cDNA will be useful for canine inflammatory disease and comparative immunology research.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1994

Experimental idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy under low-calcium condition.

Administration of long-term, low-dose Na2EDTA leads to moderate or severe thinning of the right ventricular wall with or without rupture. These morphological manifestations are known to be site-dependent on the constriction of pulmonary arteries (Yamaguchi et al. 1993a). They sometimes ensue from aneurysmal dilatation and/or plexiform-like-lesion in a pulmonary artery (Yamaguchi et al. 1993b). The present contribution reports that experimental animals who survived for a longer period, maximum for 6 months, showed dilatation of the left ventricle with a mode-rately thin ventricular wall as well as right ventricular changes, which are similar to the morphological manifestations in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Peripolar cells in guinea pigs under experimental hyperplasia of juxtaglomerular cells induced by long-term, low-dose calcium condition.

The peripolar cell was described in the glomeruli of sheep by Ryan et al. in 1979 and these cells have subsequently been detected in many species (Ryan et al. 1982; Gall et al. 1986; Hanner et al. 1980). The peripolar cells are located at the junction between the podocytes of the glomerular capillaries and the epithelial lining of Bowmann's capsule, encircling the hilar region of the glomerular tuft. Functionally, the peripolar cells have been considered to be a part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus but the precise nature of the cells has not been identified (Gardiner et al. 1985). Recently, it has been found that an antibody against rat urinary kallikrein reacts positively with sheep peripolar cell (Gall et al. 1984). This finding has led to the suggestion that the peripolar cells may influence the renin secretion through the kallikrein-kinin system. In our experiments with long-term low-calcium condition accompanied with hyperplasia of juxtaglomerular cells the peripolar cells were easily detected. The results suggests that the increase in the number of peripolar cells is closely related to the hyperplasia of juxtaglomerular cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Necklace-like detachment of endothelial cell layer from arterial wall under low-calcium condition.

The diversified morphological manifestations in various tissues and organs obtained by administration of differing amounts of calcium chelating agents were reported in previous papers (Yamaguchi et al 1981 a & b; 1982; 1990; 1993). In our recent research described here, administration of a moderate dose of Na2EDTA over the short term demonstrated necklace-like detachment from the arterial wall without disruption of the endothelial cell chain. Intercellular spaces in the media just beneath the detached endothelial cell layer was stained strongly with colloidal iron staining. Electron microscopic observation revealed that the detached endothelial cells showed a lot of elongated anchoring villi from the basal surface, usually seen at the luminal surface, adhered to the degenerative and thin flattened internal elastic lamellae. The alteration of the colloidal iron staining of the vascular wall under the low-calcium condition is suggested to be induced by loosening of the molecular structure of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) as well as glycoproteins (GPs), comprising the important component of the intercellular matrix and elastic lamellae, which would induce a change in their pasty or viscous character. This would be an accelerative factor for detachment of endothelial cells. Moreover, the lack of the waving of the internal elastic lamellae, trapping of endothelial cytoplasmic processes among them, would play the decisive role in the total detachment of the endothelial cell layer. On the other hand, the low-calcium condition did not adversely influence the joining of endothelial cells. The pathognomatic mechanism will be discussed, with a comparison made to the angiolytic changes provoked by a large amount of Na2EDTA.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Resistance to pseudorabies virus with enhanced interferon production and natural killer cell activity in mice treated with serum thymic factor.

Susceptibility to pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection in mice, which were continuously depleted of natural killer (NK) cell activity by injection of anti-asialo GM1, was examined. Effects of serum thymic factor (FTS) on susceptibility of mice to PRV were also investigated. In mice with depleted NK cell activity, the mortality of PRV-infected mice was markedly high, whereas that of FTS-pretreated mice was significantly lower than the controls. Reduced susceptibility to PRV was demonstrated in mice treated with anti-asialo GM1 antisera before the PRV infection. Such a reduced susceptibility was not observed in mice inoculated with the antisera on day 1 post-infection (PI). To analyze the FTS-induced resistance to PRV infection, NK cell activity, macrophage activity, and interferon (IFN) productions were studied. Interferon production and NK cell activity were enhanced in the FTS-pretreated mice, suggesting that interferon may play an important role in this FTS-induced resistance to PRV infection.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1994

Cellular composition of the pancreatic islets in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).

In Mongolian gerbil, morphological changes with age in the content of endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets were analyzed and their relation evaluated by an oral glucose tolerance test. The glucose level 2 hours after glucose administration was 125 +/- 5 mg./d1 in the young group and 103 +/- 4 mg./d1 in the old group. In the dorsal portion, B cells were mainly observed in the central area of the islets, surrounded by circular layers of A cells in the peripheral area. Between the A cells and B cells, D cells were scattered or present in layers. A few PP cells were present in the peripheral area of the islets. In the ventral portion, only a few A cells were observed in the peripheral area of the islets, and B cells were surrounded by PP cells. Secretory granules of A cells generally had an electron-dense spherical core in the limiting membrane. The halo between the limiting membrane and core in A cells was narrower than that in B cells. Secretory granules of B cells were larger than those in A cells, and the core was less electron-dense, and the halo was wider. Secretory granules of D cells were similar in size to those of A cells; the core showed low electron density, and the halo was very narrow. Granules of PP cells resembled those of A cells, but the electron density of the core was slightly lower. The gerbils showed changes in glucose tolerance, the size of the pancreatic islets, the percentage of B cells, and of A cells in the dorsal portion with age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aging↗

PubMed1994

Pharmacokinetics of tolbutamide following intravenous and oral administrations in rats with obstructive jaundice.

The pharmacokinetics of tolbutamide (TB) following intravenous and oral administration was compared between normal rats and rats with experimentally-induced obstructive jaundice (OJ). The plasma concentration-time curve of i.v. administered TB was lower in rats with OJ, in comparison with normal rats. The result of the pharmacokinetic analysis showed no change in the elimination rate constant, but a significant increase in the volume of distribution in the OJ state. The increase in the volume of distribution of TB could be explained by the decreased protein binding in plasma. In the case of oral administration, the elevation of the plasma concentration was slow and the plasma concentration profile was remarkably low in rats with OJ. The rate of TB disappearance from the small-intestinal lumen was delayed in the OJ state, and its marked accumulation in the tissues of the small intestine and the liver was observed. This retarded uptake by the small-intestinal mucosa and subsequent pre-systemic accumulation might, at least in part, be the reason for the slow appearance in the systemic plasma in the OJ state.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1994

Electron microscopic studies on the formation of renal juxtaglomerular cell granules in the vitally stained mouse kidney.

Mouse renal juxtaglomerular cells (JGC) were vitally stained with neutral red, and then fixed with glutaraldehyde to study by electron microscopy. Ultrastructural observation showed a large number of characteristic low electron dense juxtaglomerular granules (JGG) or low dense granules (LDG) in the cytoplasm of JGC. Many LDG contained a flocculent material with a dense core, which was as dense as the contents of JGG. Two kinds of LDG were observed. One of LDG was surrounded by single membrane and partial membrane, and another was surrounded by double membranes. Some LDG did not contain electron dense flocculent material. LDG were surrounded by rough endoplasmic reticulum (r-ER). Alteration of Golgi apparatus and r-ER was observed in JGC. Golgi complex did not associate with JGG and LDG.

Animals↗