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Biomedical subjects

T Onodera

Publications and source records attributed to T Onodera.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The influence of single or repeated phlebotomy on the physiological condition of normal and diseased rats.

The present experiment was performed to see the influence of phlebotomy on hematology, serum chemistry, and pathology data in rats. When normal rats received a single phlebotomy of 2 or 3 ml blood, erythrocyte count and hematocrit were slightly reduced along with a persistent depression of the blood pressure. In repeated phlebotomy studies, 0.25 to 2 ml each of blood was removed from each rat every other day for 10 days. Normal rats from which 0.5 ml and more of blood was withdrawn showed decreases in erythrocyte count and serum iron level concomitant with an increase in reticulocyte count. Similar findings were obtained in rats with CCl4 liver damage or gentamicin nephrotoxicity, except that those rats hardly exhibited anemia because of a simultaneous occurrence of hemoconcentration. Histopathological findings of the liver and kidney were not different between animals with and without phlebotomy. In phenylhydrazine-treated rats receiving repeated phlebotomy, one rat in the 1-ml phlebotomy and two rats in the 2-ml phlebotomy died from severe anemia. Surviving rats receiving 2-ml phlebotomy showed higher serum GOT and GPT activities together with fatty deposition and/or focal necrosis of hepatocytes. It is concluded that every-other-day phlebotomy of up to 0.25 ml each does not significantly influence the physiological condition of normal or diseased rats.

Anemia↗
PubMed1987

[A case of primary extramedullary plasmacytoma in the posterior cervical portion].

This case involves a 16-year-old woman with a posterior cervical tumor. Histologically, it was found to be a extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP). Immunohistochemically, IgG was present in the plasma cells that were shown to be atypia by the PAP method. Laboratory data revealed no other abnormalities. A surgical excision of the tumor was performed with a dissection of the relevant lymph nodes. Although irradiation and chemotherapy were administered postoperatively, multiple bone metastasis was found a month after the operation, and the patient died 8 months later.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: mode of death and pathological findings].

To ascertain relationships between modes of death and various pathological parameters in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), quantitative analysis of the disarray, fibrosis, and size of myocytes was performed in 22 autopsied subjects with HCM. According to mode of death, the subjects were categorized as three groups; (1) a sudden death group (10 patients), (2) a heart failure group (7 patients) and (3) a control group (5 patients). The group consisted of patients with HCM who were over 55 years old and who died of other diseases (e.g., cancer 3) or from accidents. The hearts were fixed in 10% formalin and sectioned from the base to the apex at 1 cm intervals. A section with maximal septal hypertrophy was histologically examined. The histologic findings in the interventricular septum (VS) and the left ventricular free wall (FW) were quantitatively analyzed using an image analyzer (Olympus VIP-21). The extents of fibrosis and disarray were greater in the sudden death group (fibrosis: VS/FW = 16 + 3/11 + 5%, disarray: VS/FW = 58 + 18/32 + 17%) than in the control group (fibrosis: VS/FW = 7 + 2/6 + 4%; disarray: VS/FW = 24 + 7/8 + 6%), but there were no significant differences in the various parameters of hypertrophy (heart weight, wall thickness, degree of asymmetric septal hypertrophy and size of myocytes) between these two groups. The heart failure group consisted of four hearts with dilated LV cavities and two hearts with small LV cavities. The former showed extensive replacement fibrosis (VS/FW = 37 + 7/25 + 5%) and disarray of residual myocytes (VS/FW = 20 + 16/14 + 6%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[An antiemetic effect of methylprednisolone plus droperidol against nausea and vomiting caused by administration of high-dose adriamycin to breast carcinoma patients].

An antiemetic combination of methylprednisolone and droperidol was administered to 10 patients with breast cancer showing postoperative recurrence, receiving high-dose adriamycin. Methylprednisolone was given twice intravenously at a dose of 500 mg, before and after administration of adriamycin, and droperidol was given just before administration of adriamycin. The 10 patients received a total of 20 chemotherapy courses. Complete relief of vomiting was achieved in 95% of these 20 courses, and mild nausea occurred in 40%. Side effects were drowsiness, acne and akathisia, which were minimal. It was concluded that an antiemetic combination of methylprednisolone and droperidol was very effective for prevention of high-dose adriamycin-induced nausea and vomiting.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Simultaneous occurrence of hypercholesterolemia and hemolytic anemia in rats fed cholesterol diet.

Cholesterol diet-induced hemolytic anemia in rats was described. When rats were fed a cholesterol diet for 11 weeks, serum cholesterol rapidly increased within the first week, and was maintained in 5-10 times higher levels throughout the study as compared to those of control rats. Erythrocyte count, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration decreased from about 2 weeks of feeding. The spleen showed an increase of hemosiderin deposition from 6 weeks of feeding. The half life of erythrocytes labelled with 51Cr was shortened significantly at 6 weeks of feeding. These findings indicate that cholesterol diet can induce hemolytic anemia. Serum cholesterol and phospholipid were markedly increased, but in erythrocyte membrane, free cholesterol content was not persistently increased and phospholipid content was decreased. In hemorrheological studies, erythrocyte deformability and mechanical hemolysis tended to reduce. In conclusion, it was considered that as a result of reduced phospholipid content the erythrocytes of cholesterol-fed rats were decreased in its deformability and were captured more easily by the spleen. The profile of hemolytic anemia in cholesterol-fed rats was quite different from those reported in cholesterol-fed guinea pigs, rabbits and dogs.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1986

Antithyroid effects of propylthiouracil and sulfamonomethoxine in rats and monkeys.

Experiments were performed to investigate the species difference in antithyroid effects of propylthiouracil (PTU) and sulfamonomethoxine (SMM). Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 30 mg/kg of PTU, or 30 or 270 mg/kg of SMM orally for 5 weeks, while squirrel monkeys received 30 mg/kg of PTU or 270 mg/kg of SMM. In rats receiving 30 mg/kg of PTU, a decrease of both serum 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations and of 131I incorporation into the thyroid hormone precursors was observed, together with elevation of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration, an increase in thyroid weight, and hyperplasia of the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Similar changes were seen in rats receiving 270 mg/kg of SMM; however, the antithyroid effects of SMM were less severe than those of PTU. No change was produced in monkey thyroids by 5-week treatments with 30 mg/kg of PTU or with 270 mg/kg of SMM. The molar concentration of PTU required for the in vitro inhibition of thyroid peroxidase was markedly lower in rats than in monkeys. SMM showed a similar species difference in the inhibition of thyroid peroxidase in vitro, but the enzyme inhibition of SMM was weaker than that of PTU. These findings suggest that rats were more sensitive to the antithyroid effects of PTU and SMM than monkeys, and that inhibition of thyroid peroxidase may play an important role in species difference in the antithyroid effects of the two drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The influence of cephem antibiotics on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in normal, acidotic, dehydrated, and unilaterally nephrectomized rats.

Normal, acidotic, dehydrated, or unilaterally nephrectomized rats (Sprague-Dawley) were injected with gentamicin (80 mg/kg/day) alone or in combination with cefoxitin (2 g/kg/day), cephalothin (2 g/kg/day), or cephaloridine (1 g/kg/day) once daily for 10 consecutive days. Serum creatinine levels and renal cortical concentrations of gentamicin were determined and histopathological examination of the kidneys was made. Gentamicin caused marked renal damage in all the groups of rats. In normal rats, all the cephem antibiotics significantly reduced both gentamicin nephrotoxicity and renal gentamicin levels. In acidotic, dehydrated, and unilaterally nephrectomized rats, cefoxitin still significantly reduced gentamicin nephrotoxicity without affecting renal gentamicin concentration, whereas cephalothin and cephaloridine did not show any significant reduction of nephrotoxicity or gentamicin concentration, but rather caused general deterioration of the animals. Hence, the intrinsic nephrotoxic potential of cefoxitin, cephalothin, and cephaloridine may contribute to the difference in the combined effect rather than the concentration of gentamicin in the kidney.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1986

Quantitative analysis of myocardial fibrosis in normals, hypertensive hearts, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

The distribution of fibrosis was studied quantitatively in the entire left ventricular wall of a transverse slice of the heart from 10 necropsy cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 10 cases of hypertensive heart disease, and 20 normal adults. The percentage area (mean (SD)) of fibrosis in the left ventricular wall in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (10.5 (4.3)%) was significantly greater than that in hypertensive heart disease (2.6 (1.5)%) or in normal hearts (1.1 (0.5)%). In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy the percentage area of fibrosis was greater (13.1 (4.8)%) in the ventricular septum than in the left ventricular free wall (7.7 (4.2)%) whereas in hypertensive heart disease and normal hearts values in these two areas were similar. The percentage area of fibrosis in the left ventricular free wall (where myocardial fibre disarray was not extensive even in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) was greater in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy than in hypertensive heart disease. The percentage area of fibrosis correlated with heart weight in hypertensive heart disease, but not in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. These results suggest that widespread fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cannot be explained by cardiac hypertrophy alone, and that disarray and other factors are also important in pathogenesis. The increase in the percentage area of fibrosis from the outer to the inner third of the left ventricular free wall in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in hypertension probably reflected transmural gradients of wall stress and myocardial fibre diameter. Although fibrosis is not specific to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, its quantification and analysis of its regional distribution provide information that is useful in investigating the pathophysiology of the disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A clinicopathologic study of patients with hemorrhagic myocardial infarction treated with selective coronary thrombolysis with urokinase.

Hemorrhagic acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was studied after selective intracoronary thrombolysis (SICT) in 30 patients undergoing autopsy. Urokinase, 240,000 to 1,200,000 U, was selectively injected into the infarct-related coronary artery at 2 to 9 hr (4 +/- 2 hr) after the onset of AMI. The infarct-related coronary artery showed complete occlusion in 21, 99% stenosis in eight, and 90% stenosis in one patient before SICT. After SICT, complete occlusion was seen in only five, 99% stenosis in 22, and 90% stenosis in three patients. Twenty-eight patients had transmural infarction and the other two had subendocardial infarction. Macroscopically and microscopically, the degree of hemorrhage was classified as no, slight, moderate, or marked bleeding and the hemorrhagic infarction was defined as moderate or marked diffuse bleeding in the infarct area. According to the interval from SICT to death, patients were also classified into stage I (early acute stage, 1 to 4 hr after SICT and 4 to 13 hr after the onset of AMI; n = 7), stage II (late acute stage, 9 hr to 11 days after SICT and 15 hr to 11 days after the onset of AMI; n = 18), or stage III (old infarction stage, over 17 days after AMI and SICT; n = 5). There were no significant differences with respect to the frequency of recanalization, the time from the onset of AMI to SICT, the dose of urokinase, or other clinical parameters among patients at the three stages. Only the hearts of patients in stage II showed hemorrhagic infarction, and it was found in 15 of 18 of these hearts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mimicing typical dilated cardiomyopathy.

An autopsied patient who showed typical dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)-like features and was pathologically diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is presented. The patient, a 60-year-old male at the time of death, died of intractable congestive heart failure. At autopsy the heart weighed 570g and showed marked left ventricular (LV) dilatation with a thin wall (ventricular septum/free wall of the LV = 7 mm/8 mm). There was no evidence of significant stenosis in the extramural coronary arteries. Massive fibrosis was found in the middle and outer thirds of the ventricular septum and anterior wall of the LV (48% in the ventricular septum and 9% in the free wall of the LV). As myocytes were not present in the area with massive fibrosis, percent area of disarray was calculated excluding the area of massive fibrosis and found to be 30% in the ventricular septum. Based on the marked increase in the percent area of disarray, this case was diagnosed as HCM. The patient's 37-year-old son showed asymmetric septal hypertrophy on echocardiography (ventricular septum/posterior wall of the LV = 15 mm/11 mm), marked LV hypertrophy on electrocardiography, and diffuse and marked disarray by endomyocardial biopsy. There were also LV dilatation (LV diastolic dimension = 51 mm) and hypokinesis of the LV; as a result, a diagnosis of HCM with features of DCM was made.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Observation on the development of osteochondrosis in young rats.

A histopathological study on the development of spontaneous osteochondrosis in the humeral head and medial femoral condyle of rats (6-20 weeks old) was carried out. Findings were classified into three types: normal, transitional and osteochondrotic. In the normal type, the articular cartilage at the caudal region of the humeral head and medial femoral condyle was significantly thinned between 6 and 10 weeks of age (generally the caudal region was thicker than elsewhere at all ages). In the transitional type, the thinning of the cartilage was delayed. In the third type, osteochondrotic lesions were detected in the humeral head from 6 weeks of age and in the medial femoral condyle from 10 weeks of age. The thickness of the cartilage had slightly decreased or had not changed at 20 weeks of age. In the early stages, viable chondrocytes and small destructive foci of cartilage were observed in the basal layer of the thick deep zone. These cells were present in pairs or clusters surrounded by matrix in the large lacunae. Cells and destructive foci were also seen in the surface layer of the deep zone as the rats aged. In the advanced stage, a necrotic area or cleft was formed in the basal layer of the articular cartilage and fibrosis was observed in the subchondral bone.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Postoperative nutritional assessment in gastric and colorectal cancer].

From the 200 malnutritional cancer patients, we had obtained, so called, prognostic nutritional index (PNI): PNI = 10 X Alb. + 0.005 Lymph. C., where Alb. is serum albumin level (g/dl) and Lymph. C. is total lymphocytes count of peripheral blood level. This index, as we had reported, shows linear predictive model correlating the risk of operative complication, mortality or both with nutritional status. In this study, we report on the utility of the PNI as a nutritional index (NI) for postoperative patients. The subjects of this study were 22 gastric cancer patients (G group), performed total gastrectomy or proximal gastrectomy, and 18 colorectal cancer patients (C group), underwent colectomy or rectal resection and anastomosis but amputation. All these cases underwent nutritional support by TPN postoperatively. The values of NI of both groups were the lowest at the first postoperative day, and increased gradually to the seventh postoperative day. And the value of C group was higher than that of G group throughout the TPN period: From the first postoperative day to the 14th day. These results reflected the result obtained from the estimation of nitrogen balance, urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion and serum rapid turnover protein (transferrin, prealbumin and retinol binding protein). These results suggest that the NI is useful to estimate the improvement of the postoperative nutritional status.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Numbers and sizes of myocytes, amount of interstitial space, fibrosis and disarray in dilated cardiomyopathy].

The features characteristic of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are dilatation of the left ventricular cavity without thickening of the wall, and decreased contractility of the left ventricle. The myocardial wall thickness depends on three variables: the number of muscle layers, the mean size of myocytes and the percent area of interstitial space. To clarify the histological pathogenesis of the special features of DCM, these three variables including wall thickness, fibrosis and disarray in the left ventricular wall of autopsied hearts were quantitatively measured in 10 patients with DCM, 10 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and 20 patients with normal hearts (N). The heart weight was 651 +/- 128 g in the DCM group, 614 +/- 216 g in the HCM group, and 280 +/- 40 g in N group. The S (ventricular septum)/F (left ventricular free wall) of the wall thickness was 9 +/- 1/9 +/- 1 (mm) in DCM, 25 +/- 5/16 +/- 2 (mm) in HCM, and 13 +/- 1/13 +/- 1 (mm) in the N group. The S/F of % fibrosis was 9 +/- 5/11 +/- 4 in DCM, 14 +/- 4/8 +/- 5 in HCM, and 1 +/- 1/1 +/- 1 in N. S/F of the size (mu) of myocytes was 18 +/- 2/21 +/- 3 in DCM, 19 +/- 3/21 +/- 2 in HCM, and 13 +/- 1/14 +/- 1 in N. S/F of the numbers of muscle layers was 310 +/- 60/260 +/- 40 in DCM, 630 +/- 80/360 +/- 70 in HCM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The reliability of the tracing-method of fine cardiac fibrosis at a magnification of x10--preliminary study for quantitative analysis of fibrosis in large tissue sections of hearts with cardiomyopathy.

to define the reliability of the tracing method of fine fibrosis at low magnification (x10), the percentage area of fine fibrosis was compared between the traced pictures at magnifications of x10 and x250, using an image analyzer (Olympus VIP-21). A total of 25 tissue areas, each approximately 4 x 7 mm, from the inner and middle thirds of the left ventricular free wall and ventricular septum were selected from ten hearts with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and were stained with Masson trichrome. The percentage areas of fine fibrosis traced at a magnification of x10 correlated well with those traced at a magnification of x250 (Y = 1.08X - 1.1, r = 0.95, P less than 0.01). It is concluded that the overall percentage area of fibrosis is the same at magnifications of x10 and x250, despite the fact that at x10 one is unable to detect individual fibers which can be detected at x250. The tracing method of fine cardiac fibrosis at a magnification of x10 is reliable. Therefore, fine fibrosis in large tissue sections of hearts with cardiomyopathy, such as entire transverse sections of the left ventricular wall, can be quantitatively analyzed by this method.

Cardiomyopathies↗