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Biomedical subjects

T Ono

Publications and source records attributed to T Ono.

At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Evaluation of double cancers of the lung and stomach].

Five cases of double cancers involving the lung and the stomach cancer are reported. The final diagnosis were done by the autopsy. Through the use of sodium hypochlorite and a Millipore filter, many ferrous bodies were detected in all cases. Three of the subjects had occupational histories involving exposure to asbestos that may have had a connection with their cancers and many crocidolites were found in their autopsied lungs. The two other cases, however, did not have any such occupational history and few pathological asbestos bodies. Further, most subjects were heavy smokers. These findings suggested that a high percentage of double cancers of lung and stomach might have been induced by the expose to asbestos in this area.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of the effects of bifemelane hydrochloride, idebenone and indeloxazine hydrochloride on ischemia-induced depletion of brain acetylcholine levels in gerbils.

Effects of bifemelane hydrochloride, idebenone and indeloxazin hydrochloride on ischemia-induced decrease in acetylcholine (ACh) levels were studied in gerbils. Among these three drugs, only bifemelane hydrochloride significantly inhibited the decrease in ACh concentration in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum of ischemic gerbils. This suggests that bifemelane hydrochloride has an anti-ischemic action and beneficial effects on various symptoms induced by ischemia.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1988

Topographic distribution of modality-specific amygdalar neurons in alert monkey.

Neuronal activity in the amygdala (AM) was recorded from alert monkeys during performance of tasks that led to presentation of rewarding or aversive stimuli. The tasks had 3 phases: (1) discrimination (visual, auditory), (2) operant response (bar pressing), and (3) ingestion (reward) or avoidance (aversion). Neuronal activity was analyzed and compared during each of these phases. Of 585 AM neurons tested, 312 (53.3%) responded to at least one stimulus in one or more of 5 major groups: vision related, audition related, ingestion related, multimodal, and selective. Forty neurons (6.8%) in the anterior dorsolateral capsule of the basolateral nuclei responded exclusively to visual stimuli (vision related). Twenty-six neurons (4.4%) further posterior in the basolateral group responded only to auditory stimuli (audition related). During ingestion an additional 41 neurons (7.0%) increased their activity (ingestion related). These were in the corticomedial group and at the boundaries between the nuclei of the basolateral group. Of these, 27 responded only in the ingestion phase, 11 during ingestion and at the sight of food, and 3 during ingestion and to certain sounds. Throughout the AM other neurons (n = 117, 20.0%) responded to visual, auditory, and somesthetic stimuli and, when tested, to involuntary ingestion of liquid (multimodal). Of these, 40 responded transiently (phasic; 36 excited, 4 inhibited). The remaining 77 maintained their altered activity into the subsequent phases of the task (tonic; 69 excited, 8 inhibited). In each of these 4 categories, most cells were activated primarily by novel or unfamiliar stimuli, and their responses habituated during repeated stimulation. A small number of cells in the basolateral and the basomedial nuclei (n = 14, 2.4%) were highly selective in that they responded specifically to one biologically significant object or sound more than to any other stimuli (selective). Some of these neurons responded to both sight and ingestion of a specific food. In summary, most AM neurons responded vigorously to novel stimuli, and some of the neurons had multimodal responsiveness. These results suggest the AM is related to processing of new environmental stimuli and to those cross-modal association.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1988

Single neuron responses in amygdala of alert monkey during complex sensory stimulation with affective significance.

Among other deficits, amygdalectomy impairs the ability of the animal to recognize the affective significance of a stimulus. In the present study, neuronal activity in the amygdala (AM) was recorded from alert monkeys while they performed tasks leading to the presentation of rewarding or aversive stimuli. Of 585 AM neurons tested, 312 (53.3%) responded to at least one stimulus in one or more of 5 major groups: 40 vision related, 26 audition related, 41 ingestion related, 117 multimodal, and 14 selective. Ingestion-related neurons were subdivided according to their responses to other stimuli: oral sensory, oral sensory plus vision, and oral sensory plus audition. Depending upon their responsiveness to the affective significance of the stimuli, neurons in the vision- and audition-related categories were divided into 2 subclasses: vis-I (26/40), vis-II (14/40), aud-I (8/26), and aud-II (18/26). All 4 subtypes usually responded to unfamiliar stimuli but seldom responded to neutral familiar stimuli. Types vis-I and aud-I responded to both positive and negative familiar stimuli. Types vis-II and aud-II responded to certain familiar negative stimuli but not to familiar positive stimuli. In vis-I neurons, responses were stronger for palatable foods than for less palatable foods. No neurons within vision-related, audition-related, and multimodal categories responded solely to positive or to negative stimuli. Of the 27 oral sensory neurons 9 were tested with saline or salted food, and 8 responded to normally aversive oral sensory stimuli in the same manner as they did to normal food or liquid (water or juice). In contrast to oral sensory neurons, all responses of 4 oral sensory-plus-vision and all of 4 selective neurons tested, as well as bar pressing behavior, were modulated by altering the affective significance of the food. These results suggest that the AM is one of the candidates for stimulus-affective association based on associative learning and memory.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1988

Effects of nilvadipine on the cardiovascular system in experimental animals.

The effects of 5-isopropyl 3-methyl 2-cyano-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate (nilvadipine, FR 34235, FK 235) on the cardiovascular system were investigated in isolated organs and whole animals. 1. Nilvadipine inhibited Ca2+-induced contractions of isolated dog coronary artery in high-K+, Ca2+-free medium, and the pA2 value was 10.64. In this effect, nilvadipine was 18 times more potent than nifedipine and 525 times more potent than diltiazem. In contrast, its inhibitory effect on Ca2+-induced contractions of isolated guinea pig atria was weaker (pA2:8.2): only twice that of nifedipine and 25 times that of diltiazem. 2. Nilvadipine also inhibited K+-induced 45Ca2+ uptake in isolated dog coronary arteries and isolated guinea pig atria. In the coronary arteries, the IC50 value of nilvadipine was 2.7 x 10(-10) mol/l, which was, respectively 17, 8, and 589 times lower than that of nifedipine, nicardipine and diltiazem. In the atria, on the other hand, the IC50 value of nilvadipine was 4.4 x 10(-9) mol/l, almost the same as that of nifedipine or nicardipine, and 47 times lower than that of diltiazem. These 45Ca2+ uptake inhibitory effects of the drugs were consistent with their effects on mechanical response in both tissues. 3. Nilvadipine (2.6 x 10(-10) mol/l and higher) dose-dependently inhibited ergometrine (ergonovine)-, serotonin-, and norepinephrine-induced contractions of isolated dog coronary artery, and its effects were 2 to 450 times more potent than those of nifedipine, nicardipine and diltiazem. 4. Nilvadipine (2.6 x 10(-8) mol/l or more, 32 micrograms/heart or more), like nifedipine, produced negative inotropic and chronotropic effects in isolated guinea pig atria and in dog heart-lung preparation, and was more potent than nifedipine in the negative chronotropic effect. 5. Nilvadipine in intravenous doses of 1-32 micrograms/kg decreased total peripheral resistance and systemic blood pressure, and slightly increased cardiac output, pulmonary arterial blood flow and stroke volume, but had no significant effects on pulmonary vascular resistance or pulmonary arterial blood pressure. Heart rate decreased at doses of 32 micrograms/kg or more. Nifedipine had almost the same effects as nilvadipine on total peripheral resistance and blood pressure, but was more potent than nilvadipine in increasing effects on cardiac output, stroke volume and pulmonary arterial blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Immediate reconstruction following resection of oral cancer with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap.

During the past five years (August 1981 to March 1986), we applied 44 pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps (PM-MC flaps) for the purpose of intraoral and extraoral reconstruction following surgery in 43 cases of oral cancer. Out of a total 44 flaps, 30 flaps resulted in complete survival and 13 flaps resulted in partial necrosis, while complete necrosis occurred in only one flap. In addition, we used the iliac bone graft with the PM-MC flaps on five patients in order to reconstruct the mandible, but two cases failed. We also used replantation of the lower margin of the mandible on five patients, and all were satisfactory. In 26 living patients, all but one had no dysphasia. About more than a half of them had moderate or severe dysfunction of chewing. We were able to make prosthesis for five out of 26 living patients as recorded till today. We have to think about how to fashion functionable dentures on severe cases postoperatively. The results of our experiences show that the PM-MC flaps provide a simple, reliable and versatile method of primary reconstruction on patients with oral cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A new enzymatic assay of chloride in serum.

This new method for enzymatic assay of serum chloride is based on determination of chloride-dependent alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) activity. We evaluated the ion specificity and practicability of the method for routine use with the Hitachi 705. The analytical range of the method extends from 40 to 160 mmol of chloride ion per liter of serum. The reaction rate for samples containing 100 mmol of chloride per liter was 0.17 A/min. CVs within-run and between-run were less than 1.0%. Correlation with results of a coulometric titration method was good. The specificity for bromide is 75% of that for chloride; for the other anions, it is 0%. This enzymatic method is generally applicable to wide variety of automated chemistry analyzers.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1987

Amino acid sequence of a soybean (Glycine max) seed polypeptide having a poly(L-aspartic acid) structure.

A polypeptide of Mr 4400 was isolated from soybean (Glycine max) seeds by extraction with 60% ethanol followed by ion-exchange and reverse-phase chromatography. The peptide contains an unusually high amount of aspartic acid residues (approximately 25%, and hence is designated as soybean aspartic acid-rich peptide). Its complete primary structure was determined by conventional methods to be the following. Ser-Lys-Trp-Gln-His-Gln-Gln-Asp-Ser-Cys-Arg-Lys-Gln-Leu-Gln-Gly-Val-Asn- Leu-Thr-Pro-Cys-Glu-Lys-His-Ile-Met-Glu-Lys-Ile-Gln-Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Asp- Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp A striking features of this primary structure is the presence of a poly(L-aspartic acid) sequence at the carboxyl terminus, and this polyaspartyl segment was found to precipitate bovine trypsin. The presence of the putative cell attachment sequence Arg-Gly-Asp was also noted.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Modification of the properties of S2 state in photosynthetic O2-evolving center by replacement of chloride with other anions.

Properties of the S2 state formed in photosystem II membranes in which Cl- had been replaced by various anions were investigated by means of thermoluminescence measurements and low temperature EPR spectroscopy. The Br--substituted membranes showed the normal thermoluminescence B-band arising from S2Q-B charge recombination, whereas the SO2-4-, F--, CH3COO--, and NO-3-substituted membranes showed modified B-bands with variously upshifted peak temperatures. The extent of the peak temperature upshift varied in parallel with the extent of inhibition of O2 evolution depending on the anion species. A normal EPR S2 multiline signal was induced in Br--substituted membranes, but its amplitude was reduced to less than 10% in F--, NO-3-, CH3COO--, and SO2-4-substituted membranes, In contrast, the g = 4.1 signal from S2 was markedly enhanced in F-- and NO-3-substituted membranes, not much affected in CH3COO-- and SO2-4-substituted membranes, and decreased to 70% in Br--substituted membranes. Based on these data, the effect of various types of S2 modification on the O2-evolving activity was discussed. It was suggested that anions have an important role in regulating the interaction between the Mn atoms, and thereby adjust the redox properties of the S2 state to enable further transitions beyond S2.

Anions↗