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Biomedical subjects

T Ono

Publications and source records attributed to T Ono.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Pilomatricoma associated with several hair follicles.

We report two cases of pilomatricoma in which the neoplasm was connected with several hair follicles. A 17-year-old boy developed an erythematous nodule, 1 cm in diameter, in the right temporal region, histologically showing basophilic cells connected with at least two hair follicles. In the other case, a 20-year-old man had a centrally ulcerated tumor, 2 cm in diameter, in the left lower back. Basophilic cells proliferated in connection with at least six hair follicle-like structures, accompanied by the development of shadow cells underneath. The histopathologic findings in these two cases suggest the existence of a subset of pilomatricomas that involve several pre-existing hair follicles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Hypercalcaemia in melanoma patients associated with increased levels of parathyroid hormone-related protein.

We analysed serum levels of calcium and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP) in 59 patients with melanoma by immunoradiometric assay, since only a few studies have been conducted on hypercalcaemia and serum levels of PTH-rP in patients with melanoma. Hypercalcaemia was found in seven of the 59 patients with melanoma. The serum level of PTH-rP was increased in three of the 59 patients and two of the three showed hypercalcaemia. All the patients with hypercalcaemia and/or an increased level of PTH-rP had stage IV melanoma. These findings suggest that hypercalcaemia is much more common than previously reported in patients with advanced stage melanoma and that an increased serum level of PTH-rP is one of the causative factors in hypercalcaemia in melanoma. Analysis of the serum PTH-rP level will contribute to the monitoring of the clinical course of patients with advanced stage melanoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Cutaneous mucormycosis.

The patient, a 59-year-old male, had been diagnosed as having alcoholic hepatopathy 20 years previously. He noticed localized swelling on his left leg after fishing in a river. The patient was diagnosed as having cutaneous mucormycosis upon histological and mycological examination of the skin. Gradual improvement of the symptoms was noted four weeks after administration of itraconazole and fruconazole; these were discontinued after five months.

Dermatomycoses↗
PubMed1999

Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa due to interplay between the MexAB-OprM efflux pump and beta-lactamase.

We evaluated the roles of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump and beta-lactamase in beta-lactam resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by constructing OprM-deficient, OprM basal level, and OprM fully expressed mutants from beta-lactamase-negative, -inducible, and -overexpressed strains. We conclude that, with the notable exception of imipenem, the MexAB-OprM pump contributes significantly to beta-lactam resistance in both beta-lactamase-negative and beta-lactamase-inducible strains, while the contribution of the MexAB-OprM efflux system is negligible in strains with overexpressed beta-lactamase. Overexpression of the efflux pump alone contributes to the high level of beta-lactam resistance in the absence of beta-lactamase.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗
PubMed1999

Induction of B-cell lymphoma in BALB/c nude mice with an ecotropic, B-tropic helper virus present in the murine AIDS virus stock.

The pathogenicities of the murine AIDS (MAIDS) virus complex (LP-BM5) and ecotropic helper virus (BM5eco) isolated from the complex to BALB/c nude mice were studied to elucidate the possible role of replication-competent helper virus in inducing the monoclonal outgrowth of lymphoid cells. Neither LP-BM5 nor BM5eco was pathogenic in adult BALB/c nude mice. However, B-cell lymphoma developed with a very high frequency when either virus was inoculated into newborn BALB/c nude (nu/nu) mice. The cells from the B-cell lymphoma were easily transplanted into nude mice. These results suggested that ecotropic helper virus in the MAIDS virus complex plays an important role in inducing the monoclonal outgrowth of lymphoid cells under immunodeficient conditions caused by defective virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Two cases of pilomatrixoma in Turner's syndrome.

Multiple and familial cases of pilomatrixomas have been reported in myotonic dystrophy. We report 2 cases of pilomatrixoma in Turner's syndrome. Between 5 and 19 years of age, 1 patient developed 6 pilomatrixomas including atypical occurrences on the chest and the posterior aspect of the leg. This is the first report of multiple pilomatrixomas in Turner's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Suppressive effects of Perilla frutescens on spontaneous IgA nephropathy in ddY mice.

Perilla frutescens (perilla) is a common herb used in Japan for garnishing raw seafood to protect the alimentary tract from inflammatory diseases. The present study was performed to investigate whether or not perilla prevents the development of lesions of IgA nephropathy in ddY mice which spontaneously develop this disease. After orally administering perilla extract to ddY mice from 8 to 42 weeks of age, the changes in urine, serum, and kidneys were evaluated. Perilla extract significantly suppressed proteinuria and glomerular IgA deposition (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). The decreased serum IgA concentration in perilla-treated mice showed a significant correlation with glomerular IgA deposition. Such findings suggest that perilla reduced glomerular IgA deposition via suppression of IgA production in the serum. On the other hand, the nitric oxide concentration in the serum of perilla-treated mice was significantly higher than that observed in the controls. The addition of the sera of perilla-treated mice to quiescent cultured murine mesangial cells resulted in a cell proliferation which was less than in controls, suggesting that perilla might either directly prevent mesangial cell proliferation or prevent proliferation by regulating circulating cytokines. Such results indicate that perilla should prevent IgA nephropathy, thus representing a promising herbal medicine for glomerulonephritis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

Ultrastructural localization of dominantly increased fibronectin in the markedly thickened glomerular basement membrane in a selectively mated murine high IgA strain (HIGA mice).

To clarify which matrix component(s) contributes to glomerular sclerosis with mesangial IgA deposits in a murine high serum IgA strain (HIGA) derived from ddY mice, morphological and immunopathological analyses of glomeruli were performed in comparison with original ddY and BALB/c mice as controls. Significantly increased thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), especially the lamina densa, was observed in HIGA mice. Immunofluorescent staining showed marked increases in levels of fibronectin and laminin in both the mesangium and capillary wall in aged HIGA mice. Analysis of the distribution of immunogold-labeled antibody in GBM revealed a significant increase (p < 0.0001) and specific orientation of fibronectin in the endothelial side, which suggested that mesangial fibronectin produced at high levels due to IgA deposition extended to the endothelial side of GBM and contributed to the thickening of GBM with further development to glomerulosclerosis in the HIGA mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Crucial role of group IIA phospholipase A(2) in oleic acid-induced acute lung injury in rabbits.

Group IIA secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) has been implicated in a variety of inflammatory diseases including acute lung injury (ALI); however, the role of sPLA(2) in this disorder remains unclear. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the role of this enzyme in a model of ALI induced by oleic acid (OA) in rabbits by testing human group IIA phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) inhibitor, S-5920/LY315920Na. Experimental groups consisted of a saline control group (n = 8), an OA control group (n = 10) infused intravenously with OA (0.1 ml/kg/h for 2 h), and three groups given OA + S-5920/LY315920Na (three different doses, n = 8, respectively). Infusion of OA provoked pulmonary hemorrhage and edema formation, protein leakage, and massive neutrophil infiltration, resulting in severe hypoxemia and impaired lung compliance. PLA(2) activity was detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), but not plasma, which correlated well with severity of lung injury in this model. Pretreatment with S-5920/LY315920Na diminished the OA-induced PLA(2) activity in the BALF and dose-dependently attenuated the previously described lung injury induced by OA, accompanied by protection against lung surfactant degradation and production of thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) and leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)). S-5920/LY315920Na also inhibited the OA-induced production of interleukin-8 (IL-8), both in plasma and BALF. Thus, sPLA(2) appears to play a key role in OA-induced lung injury, suggesting that the group IIA PLA(2) inhibitor may be a promising agent for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Acetates↗
PubMed1999

Suppression of jaw-opening and trigemino-hypoglossal reflexes during swallowing in the cat.

Jaw-opening and trigemino-hypoglossal reflexes can be evoked by innocuous as well as noxious afferents from intra-oral structures. It has been reported that the amplitude of the jaw-opening reflex evoked by weak electrical stimulation of the upper lip is subject not only to tonic suppression but also to phase-linked modulation during mastication. In this study, we investigated whether the jaw-opening and trigemino-hypoglossal reflexes are modulated during swallowing. Data were obtained from 8 chloralose-anesthetized cats. Reflexes were monitored by electromyographic activities recorded from the anterior digastric, genioglossus, and styloglossus muscles and, after paralysis, by the efferent discharge in the digastric and hypoglossal nerves. Swallowing was elicited either by water dropped on the tongue or by repetitive stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve. Jaw-opening and trigemino-hypoglossal reflexes were evoked by stimulation of the lingual nerve, and the evoked afferent volley was recorded from the Gasserian ganglion so that the threshold of the lingual nerve could be determined. The following results were obtained: (1) The jaw-opening and trigemino-hypoglossal reflexes evoked by stimulation of the low-threshold, but not high-threshold, lingual afferents were remarkably suppressed during swallowing; and (2) both the jaw-opening and trigemino-hypoglossal reflexes evoked by low-threshold lingual afferents were suppressed during fictive swallowing after the animals were paralyzed. We conclude that the jaw-opening and trigemino-hypoglossal reflexes evoked by low-threshold lingual afferents are suppressed during swallowing by a central motor program.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1999

Rapid control of transmembrane calcium influx by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogues in rat osteoblast-like cells.

1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1alpha,25(OH)2D3] has been shown to exert both its nuclear vitamin D receptor (nVDR)-mediated genomic actions and membrane vitamin D receptor (mVDR)-mediated nongenomic actions. In this study, the effects of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 and its analogues on transmembrane Ca2+ influx were examined in the growth phase of rat osteosarcoma ROS17/2.8 cells. Like BAYK8644 (2 x 10(-5)M), a well-known L-type Ca2+ channel agonist, 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 (10(-8)M) increased transmembrane influx of Ca2+ through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration within 2 min of addition to the medium. The 1alpha,25(OH)2D3-induced Ca2+ influx was completely blocked by pre-treatment with nifedipine (2 x 10(-5)M), an L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist. Two vitamin D analogues, 22-oxa-1alpha,25(OH)2D3 (OCT, 10(-8) M) and 20-epi-22-oxa-24a, 26a,27a-trihomo-1alpha,25(OH)2D3 (KH1060, 10(-8)M), which were 3.8 and 3600-fold more active than 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 in stimulating differentiation on human promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells, respectively, also increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration, while their Ca2+ channeling activities were similar to or significantly weaker than that of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3. Furthermore, the enhanced transmembrane Ca2+ influx induced by 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 (10(-8)M) or OCT (10(-8)M) was completely blocked by pre-treatment with the respective 1beta epimer [1beta,25(OH)2D3 and 1beta-OCT] at equal concentration. These findings suggest that 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 and its analogues modulate transmembrane Ca2+ influx in osteoblast-like cells by opening L-type Ca2+ channels which can recognize 1alpha-hydroxy analogues as agonists and 1beta-hydroxy analogues as antagonists.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effect of Perilla frutescens extract on nitric oxide production by cultured murine mesangial cells.

The effects of a water extract of perilla (Perilla frutescens Britton) leaves on nitric oxide (NO) production by cultured murine mesangial cells were investigated. Perilla extract significantly induced NO production from mesangial cells, which was enormously augmented without cytotoxity by combination with interferon (IFN)-gamma or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. On the other hand, perilla extract suppressed a large amount of NO production induced by IFN-gamma combined with lipopolysaccharide. Northern blot analysis revealed that such effects of perilla extract were dependent on inducible NO synthase mRNA expression. Perilla extract exhibited an inhibitory effect on cytokine-induced mesangial cell proliferation, and this effect was significantly decreased upon combination with N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), a non-specific NO synthase inhibitor, suggesting that perilla extract inhibits mesangial cell proliferation partially through the induction of NO production. Such results indicate that perilla may be a promising agent for the prevention of the progression of glomerulonephritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Immunohistochemical detection of the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase and hormones of the islets of Langerhans in spontaneous insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in cattle.

Immunohistochemical expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) enzyme was detected in the pancreatic islets of 12 cattle with spontaneous insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The most characteristic changes were atrophy and decreased number of pancreatic islets, enlarged islets with vacuolated beta cells, and lymphocytic islet adenitis. Atrophied islets were composed of small islet cells without cytoplasmic insulin-positive granules. Immunohistochemically, GAD was not found in the cytoplasm of atrophied islet cells. Furthermore, enlarged islets consisting of islet cells with vacuolated cytoplasm were frequently observed. The cytoplasm of vacuolated cells contained very few GAD- and insulin-positive granules, indicating beta cell destruction. Enlarged islets with mild lymphocytic infiltrates were frequently observed. These findings suggest that islet cells in cattle with IDDM lose their insulin synthesis function and their ability to regulate hormonal secretion of alpha and delta cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phaeoacremonium rubrigenum in an immunosuppressed patient.

BACKGROUND: Phaeohyphomycosis refers to infection by dematiaceous fungi with pigmented hyphae or yeast-like cells in the tissue. In humans, this disease is usually considered to be an opportunistic infection. The causal agents of phaeohyphomycosis include numerous species belonging to different genera and they are increasing as a result of the development of intensive medical therapy. OBSERVATION: We report the case of a 61-year-old Japanese female under corticosteroid treatment for malignant rheumatoid arthritis. An asymptomatic subcutaneous tumor developed on the back of her left foot. Histological examination of the excised material revealed mixed cell granuloma (H&E) and the presence of branched hyphal elements (periodic acid-Schiff). A fungus grown in pure culture was identified as Phaeoacremonium rubrigenum. CONCLUSION: The hyphomycete genus, Phaeoacremonium, was proposed in 1996 by Crous et al. Three species belonging to this genus have been isolated from clinical specimens: P. inflatipes, from a human toenail, human synovial fluid and human mycetoma of the foot, P. parasiticum, from a subcutaneous lesion on a kidney transplant patient and several other sources, and P. rubrigenum, from a human patient with pneumonia. To our knowledge, however, this is the first report of phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phaeoacremonium rubrigenum.

Female↗
PubMed1999

[Effect of transurethral collagen injection for vesicoureteral reflux in patients with spina bifida].

BACKGROUND: The effect of endoscopic injection of collagen was assessed in spina bifida patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). METHODS: Endoscopic collagen injection was carried out for grade II or worse VUR according to the international classification. Twenty-two ureters were studied in 6 boys and 8 girls (mean: 14.4 years) who were followed up over a period of at least 3 months (mean: 5 months) after surgery they all had a negative preoperative skin test for collagen and were investigated radiologically and urodynamically. Cystograpy was performed 1, 3 and 12 months after surgery and thereafter once a year to detect recurrence of VUR. RESULTS: Anesthesia was not necessary in 4 patients. No adverse reactions occurred to the injection of collagen. VUR disappeared after 1 and 2 collagen injections in 17 (77%) and 2 (9%) ureters, respectively. The therapeutic effect of the single collagen injection showed no relationship to shape of the ureteral orifice, grade of VUR, compliance of the bladder, and presence of detrusor hyperreflexia. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic treatment of VUR with collagen injection in spina bifida patients is a simple and less invasive method. We obtained satisfactory short-term results by this method. However, since the risk factor of recurrence remains unclear, sufficient investigation of long-term results is important to determine the role of this method in the treatment of VUR in patients with spina bifida.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1999

[Mobility in the community-dwelling elderly and its correlates].

OBJECTIVE: To examine mobility level in community-dwelling elderly using a questionnaire of walking ability over a distance of 1 km and its relationship to activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QOL) indices, and to obtain clues to mobility impairment in the elderly. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 3,266 community-dwelling elderly aged 60 to 84 years were interviewed with questionnaires for assessing mobility, ADL and QOL levels. The mobility was assessed by walking ability over a distance of 1 km, and the ADL levels were by conventional basic ADL, comprehensive mobility index and the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence, and the QOL levels were by self-rated health, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) short-version and Life Satisfaction Index-K (LSIK). They were also asked about diseases for which they regularly consult doctors, and about subjective symptoms. RESULTS: Eighty-seven percent of the subjects responded to the interview, with 86.3% of male responders and 77.6% of female responders answering that they could walk on foot over a distance of 1 km without any difficulty. The percentages of subjects who answered that they could walk but with difficulty or could not walk over a distance of 1 km increased with advancing age. The correlation analysis between 1 km-walking ability and other mobility indices showed that 1 km-walking ability was a better index for identifying a slight to moderate mobility impairment, and that the mobility level was closely associated with daily activity levels in the community-dwelling elderly. The elderly with an impaired mobility had lowered self-rated health, GDS and LSIK scores. After controlling for sex and age, it was shown that prevalences of musculoskeltal (knee arthritis, lower back pain, etc.), cerebrovascular and heart diseases, and complaints of subjective symptoms which were associated with physical frailty, were closely associated with impaired mobility. Hearing and visual disturbances also had a significant relation to a lowered mobility. CONCLUSIONS: Walking ability over a distance of 1 km may be a good index for discriminating differing mobility levels which community-dwelling elderly have intrinsically. The possible etiological factors for a lowered mobility in the elderly include musculoskeletal, cerebrovascular and heart diseases; physical frailty; and hearing and visual disturbances.

Activities of Daily Living↗