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Biomedical subjects

T Ono

Publications and source records attributed to T Ono.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Robertsonian metacentrics of the house musk shrew (Suncus murinus, Insectivora, Soricidae) lose the telomeric sequences in the centromeric area.

The house musk shrew, Suncus murinus, is polymorphic for five Robertsonian translocations (Rb8.17, 9.13, 10.12, 11.16, 14.15). Fluorescence in situ hybridisation with a biotin-labelled oligonucleotide, (TTAGGG)7, was performed to localise the telomeric DNA sequences at Rb chromosomes of heterozygous shrews. Hybridisation signals were observed at both ends of all chromosomes, but not at the pericentromeric areas of any of the Robertsonian metacentrics. Our results indicate a complete loss of the telomeric sequences at the fusion points of the Rb metacentrics in S. murinus.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Factors influencing response to treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

We analyzed 150 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis from 1990 to 1996 (i) to evaluate the frequency of drug resistance, (ii) to elucidate factors influencing the response to chemotherapy, and (iii) to attempt to improve the therapeutic approach. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis strains were not found. By univariate analysis, there were 8 factors associated with an increased sputum conversion time: male gender, prior treatment, complications, progressive chest radiographic findings, a high Ziehl-Neelsen stain score, lymphocytopenia, a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and hypoproteinemia. Complications, prior treatment, a high Ziehl-Neelsen stain score, and a high ESR were independent predictive factors in a Cox proportional hazard model. Recursive partitioning and amalgamation (RPA) defined 3 subgroups that responded to treatment. In order to reduce the time to sputum conversion, poor responders according to the RPA should be treated with a 4-drug regimen containing pyrazinamide.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Forensic study of sex determination using PCR on teeth samples.

In this study, sex determination using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on tooth material was evaluated from the viewpoint of forensic medicine. The sensitivity of PCR for detection of the Y chromosome-specific alphoid repeat sequence and the X chromosome-specific alphoid repeat sequence was 0.5 pg of genomic DNA. Sex could be determined by PCR of DNA extracted from the pulp of 16 freshly extracted permanent teeth and dentine including the surface of the pulp cavity of 6 freshly extracted milk teeth. Sex could be determined using the pulp in all 20 teeth (10 male and 10 female) preserved at room temperature for 22 years. For the pulp of teeth stored in sea water, the sex could be determined in all 8 teeth immersed for 1 week and in 5 of 6 teeth immersed for 4 weeks. In the remaining 1 tooth, in which sex determination based on the pulp failed, the sex could be determined correctly when DNA extracted from the tooth hard tissue was examined. For teeth stored in soil, the sex could be determined accurately in all 8 teeth buried for 1 week, 7 of 8 teeth buried for 4 weeks, and in all 6 teeth buried for 8 weeks. When teeth were heated for 30 min, sex determination from the pulp was possible in all teeth heated to 100, 150, and 200 degrees C, and even in some teeth heated to 250 degrees C. When this method was applied to actual forensic cases, the sex of a mummified body estimated to have been discovered half a year to 1 year after death could be determined readily by examination of the dental pulp. In the skeletons of 2 bodies placed under water for approximately 1 year and approximately 11 years and 7 months, pulp tissues had been dissolved and lost, but sex determination was possible using DNA extracted from hard dental tissues. These results indicate that this method is useful in forensic practices for sex determination based on teeth samples.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia following cigarette smoking.

Two cases of acute eosinophilic pneumonia following cigarette smoking are analyzed for characteristic features. The first patient noted dyspnea 14 days after initiation of smoking. The second patient noted dyspnea 12 days after beginning to smoke. Both cases had characteristic features including occurrence at an age younger than 30 years; less than 1 month duration of cigarette smoking before onset of disease; and no identifiable cause of acute eosinophilic pneumonia apart from smoking. We believe that acute eosinophilic pneumonia following cigarette smoking, which has characteristic features as described above, should be considered as a distinct subtype of AEP.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Churg-Strauss syndrome associated with pregnancy.

Churg-Strauss syndrome, an uncommon condition, occurs even more rarely in association with pregnancy. One month postpartum, a 25-year-old Japanese woman was hospitalized for dyspnea, fever, diarrhea, and complaints of dysesthesia in the right lower limb and right lumbar and abdominal region. Marked eosinophilia was present. Symptoms of bronchial asthma had developed early in the pregnancy, which concluded with delivery of a healthy baby at 39 weeks of gestation. Churg-Strauss syndrome was diagnosed and prednisolone was administered with a good response leading to remission. Three years after the first pregnancy, low-dose steroid therapy was continued through another pregnancy. The patient delivered another healthy baby at 39 weeks of gestation, this time with no exacerbation of symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Clinicopathological differential diagnosis of mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome from the cutaneous type of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma].

Mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome(MF/SS) is considered as a distinct clinical entity in the latest classifications, including the revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasm(REAL), and the ones by the WHO and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer(EORTC). In Japan, where is an endemic area for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1(HTLV-1), we have been facing some problems concerning the differential diagnosis of MF/SS. We have observed many cutaneous types of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma(cATL/L) that can initiate as erythematous infiltrating plaques similar to MF or as an erythrodermic lesion similar to SS and also as tumoral and nodular lesions, solitary or multiple that resemble d'emblée type MF. The importance of the differential diagnosis between MF/SS and cATL/L lies on the significant difference on the prognosis. It is worth to differentiate MF/SS from cATL/L, especially in MF patients positive for HTLV-1 antibody. We emphasize on the characteristics that differentiate MF/SS from cATL/L as well as on the new findings regarding clinical, histopathological, phenotypical and genotypical aspects of MF/SS.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed2000

DNA-dependent protein kinase activity correlates with Ku70 expression and radiation sensitivity in esophageal cancer cell lines.

We investigated the relationship between DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) activity and radiation sensitivity using 14 esophageal cancer cell lines, TE 1-14. DNA-PK activities differed significantly among the cell lines. The highest DNA-PK activity observed in TE-8 was more than two times higher than the lowest DNA-PK activity observed in TE-5. Significant correlation was observed between DNA-PK activity and D0 (r = 0.766; P = 0.0008). Western blots analysis revealed a significant correlation between DNA-PK activity and Ku70 expression, suggesting that the regulation in DNA-PK activity was associated with Ku70 expression. The data suggest that the measurement of DNA-PK activity and/or Ku70 expression may provide a useful way to predict radiation sensitivity.

Antigens, Nuclear↗
PubMed2000

[Comparison of scatter and attenuation correction methods in single photon emission CT--simulation study].

Quantitative SPECT requires an accurate and appropriate attenuation correction and scatter correction. This paper compares scatter corrected images combined with attenuation correction. The scatter correction methods used here were the deconvolution method, dual energy window subtraction method, triple energy window method, and dual photopeak window method. The attenuation correction methods used were Sorenson's method, iterative Chang's method, and Bellini's method. The numerical phantoms used were the cold spot, hot spot, star, and MCAT phantom. These correction methods were assessed by using profiles and images, contrast values, and linearity of SPECT values.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2000

[A comparison between three methods to investigate falls among the elderly living in the community].

PURPOSE: Interview survey is the often selected method to investigate falls among the elderly. However, the reliability of data obtained by that method has not be confirmed. The aim of this study is to clarify the number of intervals of recollection that should be specified to ensure accurate data when we investigate falls by using interview surveys among the elderly. METHODS: We carried out a total health survey among the elderly in Shigenobu town, and reported about the frequency of falls and its relating factors. Sex, age, walking ability over a distance of 1 km and hospitalization experience for past 1 year were related to falls significantly. In this study, we set 3 groups matching for the above factors in addition to history of falls during the preceding a year, and for one year we asked about falls every month for the first group (116 participants), every 3 months for the second group (116 participants) respectively. The third group (118 participants) was asked once at the end of this study. These three groups totaled 350 persons who were participants of physical fitness measurements that we carried out in Shigenobu town. The existence of falls was investigated by mail, and the nonrespondents were questioned by direct telephone calls. RESULTS: For reasons such as death, moving out, hospitalization and answer denial, persons whose answer was not obtained were excluded from the analysis. Finally, 87.1% in the 1st group, and 89.7% in the 2nd group and 96.6% in the 3rd group were analyzed. Statistically significant difference for the above factors related to falls did not exist among the 3 groups. Annual incidence for falls tended to be more frequent in the 1st group that in the 3rd group (20.5% in the 1st group, 15.9% in the 2nd group and 6.4% in the 3rd group) in males. In females, such a difference was not observed. (26.3% in the 1st group, 18.3% in the 2nd group and 20.9% in the 3rd group). CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences for the factors related to falls in 3 groups, therefore, the groups had almost similar backgrounds. In men, the difference of annual reported incidence between the 1st group and the 3rd group may be due to differences in the method of recollection.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2000

[Effect of low dose aprotinin on reduction of blood loss after extracorpreal circulation].

Aprotinin administration during open heart surgery has been reported to reduce blood loss after extracorporeal circulation (ECC). We administered aprotinin to 12 patients undergoing CABG or prosthetic valve replacement. We examined the blood loss, the coagulation, and the fibrinolytic system in comparison with that in non-aprotinin group of 12 patients. In the aprotinin group, 1,000,000 units of aprotinin was infused intravenously before initiation of ECC and mixed with priming volume of ECC. After ECC, 250,000 units/hr was continuously infused until 1 hour after operation. The aprotinin group showed a significantly enhanced level of alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor and a significantly reduced level of plasmin-alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor complex and D-dimer. Post operative blood loss was not different between two groups. Operation time and closure time after heparinneutralization was shorter and postoperative blood use was lower in the aprotinin group. In conclusion, The administration of low dosed of aprotinin suppresses the fibrinolytic system resulting in the reduction of operation and closure time.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Staged total callosotomy for medically intractable seizures].

For the treatment of intractable generalized epilepsies, two-staged total callosotomy was performed in five patients. In all patients, preceded anterior callosotomy failed to obtain satisfactory seizure control. All patients showed mental retardation with various degrees. Mean age at the first operation was 10.2 years and 4 patients were operated in their childhood. All patients showed various types of seizures; drop attack (DA) in 3 patients, tonic seizure (TS) in 2, myoclonus (MY) in 2, complex partial seizure (CPS) in 2, atypical absence (AA) in 1, and head drop (HD) in 2. After anterior callosotomy, complete cessation of CPS and 50-80% reduction of DA was obtained in one, respectively. However, only less than 50% reduction of seizures was obtained in other types of seizures. Two years after anterior callosotomy, posterior portion of the corpus callosum was divided. After staged total callosotomy, complete cessation of DA was obtained in all patients and 80-100% reduction of AA was obtained in one patient. One adult patient showed the disconnection syndrome which did not affect activities of his daily life. Our study revealed the efficacy of posterior callosotomy in DA patients with unsatisfactory results after anterior callosotomy. This strategy should be considered especially in childhood cases, since obvious complication was not observed in such cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Genetic determinants of plasma triglyceride levels in (OLETF x BN) x OLETF backcross rats.

Altered lipid metabolism is closely associated with diabetes in humans, although predisposing genetic factors that affect hyperlipidemia have not yet been clarified. Our previously established OLETF strain is an obese rat model of type II diabetes, exhibiting hypertriglycemia as well as hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and abundant abdominal fat. To identify genetic factors responsible for dyslipidemic phenotypes in OLETF rats, we performed a whole-genome scan using 293 male (OLETF x BN) x OLETF backcross rats. Our analysis identified two significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs), on rat chromosomes 1 and 8, that are related to fasting triglyceride levels. The chromosome 1 QTL colocalized with Dmo1 (diabetes mellitus, OLETF type 1), a locus previously shown to associate strongly with both fat levels and body weight. The other significant QTL localizes to the chromosome 8 marker D8Mit2, in a region where several apo-lipoprotein genes are clustered.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Purified group X secretory phospholipase A(2) induced prominent release of arachidonic acid from human myeloid leukemia cells.

Group X secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)-X) possesses several structural features characteristic of both group IB and IIA sPLA(2)s (sPLA(2)-IB and -IIA) and is postulated to be involved in inflammatory responses owing to its restricted expression in the spleen and thymus. Here, we report the purification of human recombinant COOH-terminal His-tagged sPLA(2)-X, the preparation of its antibody, and the purification of native sPLA(2)-X. The affinity-purified sPLA(2)-X protein migrated as various molecular species of 13-18 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gels, and N-glycosidase F treatment caused shifts to the 13- and 14-kDa bands. NH(2)-terminal amino acid sequencing analysis revealed that the 13-kDa form is a putative mature sPLA(2)-X and the 14-kDa protein possesses a propeptide of 11 amino acid residues attached at the NH(2) termini of the mature protein. Separation with reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography revealed that N-linked carbohydrates are not required for the enzymatic activity and pro-sPLA(2)-X has a relatively weak potency compared with the mature protein. The mature sPLA(2)-X induced the release of arachidonic acid from phosphatidylcholine more efficiently than other human sPLA(2) groups (IB, IIA, IID, and V) and elicited a prompt and marked release of arachidonic acid from human monocytic THP-1 cells compared with sPLA(2)-IB and -IIA with concomitant production of prostaglandin E(2). A prominent release of arachidonic acid was also observed in sPLA(2)-X-treated human U937 and HL60 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of human lung preparations revealed its expression in alveolar epithelial cells. These results indicate that human sPLA(2)-X is a unique N-glycosylated sPLA(2) that releases arachidonic acid from human myeloid leukemia cells more efficiently than sPLA(2)-IB and -IIA.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

A combined electrophysiological and video data acquisition system using a single computer.

Numerous experimental paradigms in behavioral electrophysiology and neuroethology require simultaneous recording of neural signals and behavior. A computer fitted with an analog to digital converter and a frame grabber was configured to perform both tasks. The analog to digital converter collected electrophysiological data while the frame grabber recorded video images. Since spike and image information were present in one computer, arbitrary combinations of electrophysiological and behavioral parameters could be used as the basis of an operant conditioning paradigm. The system was used to record subicular cell firing in rats performing a place search task. The computer monitored the output of the analog to digital converter for supra-threshold events. When one was detected, a block of samples (pre- and post-trigger) was stored in memory. The same computer also scanned every video frame to find the rat, and recorded a image of its behavior. The location of the rat was then quickly calculated. If it satisfied the task conditions, a brain reward pathway (medial forebrain bundle) was stimulated. The recording of neural and image data was monitored in real-time by writing spike waveforms and location data directly to video card RAM.

Algorithms↗