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Biomedical subjects

T Olsson

Publications and source records attributed to T Olsson.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins and beta 2-microglobulin in lymphoproliferative and other neoplastic diseases of the central nervous system.

Humoral immune aberrations may occur in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with lymphoproliferative and other neoplastic diseases infiltrating the central nervous system (CNS). Such aberrations may be of diagnostic importance. We therefore studied CSF and serum from 47 patients with lymphoproliferative diseases and from 16 patients with various nonlymphoid neoplasias; 17 patients and 12 patients, respectively, had neoplastic CNS involvement. Elevated CSF IgM index and oligoclonal IgG bands in CSF and serum were commonly found, especially in patients with CNS involvement. Cerebrospinal fluid IgG and IgA indexes were usually normal. Increased CSF to serum albumin ratio, reflecting blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and increased CSF beta 2-microglobulin concentration were most common in patients with CNS involvement. The results indicate that neoplastic CNS disease should be borne in mind when CSF humoral immune aberrations are found.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

T-lymphocyte subsets, functional deficits, and morphology in sciatic nerves during experimental allergic neuritis.

Conduction velocities, demyelination, "macrophage/dendritic" cells, different sets of T-lymphocytes, and immunoglobulins were estimated in sciatic nerves during various phases of experimental allergic neuritis in Lewis rats. Demyelination was minimal day 15 postimmunization (p.i.) when conduction velocity already was reduced, somewhat more pronounced day 17 p.i. when nerve conduction was blocked, and most pronounced day 23 p.i. when nerve conduction partially had recovered. This suggests a dissociation between the degree of demyelination and the functional deficits. Decrease of sciatic nerve conduction velocities coincided with endoneurial appearance of T-lymphocytes and "macrophage/dendritic" cells, as well as endoneurial immunoglobulins, day 15 p.i. Later partial functional recovery occurred in parallel with the disappearance of T-cells. The degree of functional deficits thus correlated with the number of endoneurial T-lymphocytes. T-cells may, directly or indirectly, initiate several of the disease components in experimental allergic neuritis, including the nerve conduction deficit.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Induction of class I and class II transplantation antigens in rat brain during fatal and non-fatal measles virus infection.

Measles virus induced a marked increase in the expression of MHC-coded class I and class II antigens as detected by immunostaining during both fatal and non-fatal brain infections in rats. The distribution of these molecules in the brain was much more widespread than the occurrence of viral antigen suggesting a soluble factor for their induction. In 14-day-old rats with a non-fatal infection there was a marked infiltration of T lymphocytes of 'cytotoxic/suppressor' phenotype in the brain parenchyma, whereas T 'helper' cell phenotypes mainly were located perivascularly. In brains from newborn rats with a fatal infection no or only few lymphocytes were detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Efficiency of ventilation in neonatal pulmonary maladaptation.

Lung physiology was studied in sixteen infants with pulmonary maladaptation (PMA) during the course of the disease and after clinical recovery. A sensitive nitrogen washout method was used. During the disease the infants showed reduced ventilatory efficiency and increased dead space. Total ventilation increased simultaneously, while alveolar ventilation was maintained. The majority of the infants showed greater functional residual capacity during the disease than after clinical recovery. The results suggest that gas mixing efficiency is impaired in infants with PMA and that this might be due to effects on the small airway function in the lungs.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Lung function in newborn infants with tachypnea of unknown cause.

Twenty-one infants with tachypnea (f greater than 60/min) lasting more than 2 h and diagnosed as mild respiratory disease or pulmonary maladaptation according to previously presented criteria were studied during the course of the disease and after clinical recovery. Lung physiology (total and alveolar ventilation, efficiency and distribution of ventilation, functional residual capacity, and lung mechanics) was studied in combination with clinical data. The pathophysiological findings were characterized by increased total ventilation but normal alveolar ventilation, reduced efficiency of ventilation but more even distribution of ventilation (nitrogen elimination pattern) during disease than after clinical recovery, hyperinflation, reduced dynamic lung compliance but unaffected specific lung conductance. Infants with low gestational ages were most severely affected and had longer duration of disease than full-term infants. Our findings suggest that this condition is caused by small airway disease. Disturbances in normal pulmonary adaptation with abnormal retention of lung fluid is the most probable cause.

Functional Residual Capacity↗
PubMed1987

Immunoblot detection of oligoclonal anti-myelin basic protein IgG antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis.

Migration properties and occurrence of antibodies against myelin basic protein (MBP) in paired CSF and serum specimens from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were demonstrated after agarose isoelectric focusing, immunoblot transfer, and immunoperoxidase staining. Oligoclonal IgG antibody bands directed against MBP were found in the CSF of 9 of 28 patients with MS (32%), but not in the CSF of any of 34 patients with other neurologic diseases. No serum showed anti-MBP antibody bands. The CSF anti-MBP antibodies migrated to the anodal region of the IgG area in a different fashion from oligoclonal IgG and anti-measles IgG antibodies, which were detected in parallel. The anti-MBP bands were transient in three of seven patients whom we studied consecutively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of serum and CSF for detection of IgG reactivity against MBP showed absorbance values above 2 standard deviations of controls in 44% of the MS patients and in 21% of those with other neurologic diseases. Results of this assay correlated partly with those of the immunoblot assay. ELISA positive and immunoblot negative results might be due to a broad polyclonal anti-MBP antibody response.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of some screening tests for detecting mastitis.

Quarter milk samples were analyzed for somatic cell counts, ATP, NAGase, bovine serum albumin, antitrypsin, conductivity, and bacteriological findings. The diagnostic tests were compared with respect to their ability to predict the infection status of a quarter on test day. Predictive ability was evaluated by logistic regression. All components measured increased in the presence of infection. Correlations between components were higher in quarters with pathogens than in quarters free from infection. Predictive ability was highest for ATP, somatic cell counts, and NAGase. Comparisons within udder using ratios from different quarters gave no better prediction than absolute values. For all diagnostic tests except conductivity, combinations of absolute values and interquarter ratios were not better than predictions based on absolute values only. If conductivity is to be used to predict infection status, a combination of absolute value and interquarter evaluation is recommended. Combinations of two diagnostic tests increased the predictive ability in most cases, although the increase was only minor.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1987

HLA-DR antigen expression on T cells from cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis and aseptic meningo-encephalitis.

HLA-DR expression on T lymphocytes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and acute aseptic meningo-encephalitis (AM), and from blood only from healthy controls was examined by a new double-immunofluorescence labelling assay using species-specific second layers on prefixed cell samples. Thirteen of 16 patients with AM (81%) had an elevated percentage of DR positive T cells in CSF against only two of 20 patients with MS (10%). Our data indicate that AM, an acute infection of the central nervous system (CNS), is accompanied by accumulation in CSF of activated, DR positive T cells as a reflection of actively involved cellular immunity within the CNS, while this accumulation of DR positive T cells is not seen in MS, a chronic inflammatory CNS disease, despite some of the patients being examined during clinical exacerbations.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Production of an amino acid sequence-specific antiserum against human amyloid A (AA) and serum amyloid A (SAA) protein.

The hydrophilic nonapeptide Ser-Asp-Ala-Arg-Glu-Asn-Ile-Gln-Arg, identical with residues 59-67 of human amyloid protein A (AA) and serum amyloid protein A (SAA), was covalently bound via its carboxyl-terminal end to the carrier-protein keyhole limpet haemocyanin. The complex was injected subcutaneously into ten rabbits. All rabbits produced antisera which, unabsorbed, were specific for AA and SAA. The antisera and their isolated peptide specific antibodies were performance-tested and found to be excellent for demonstration of AA and SAA in immunoblotting and immunohistochemical techniques but unsuitable for immunoprecipitation. Since it is difficult to produce AA- and SAA-specific antisera by procedures earlier described and commercial supplies of good such reagents are unavailable, the easy production of sequence-specific such antisera will facilitate more extended studies of the corresponding antigens for diagnostic and scientific purposes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Cell surface markers for diagnosis of central nervous system involvement in lymphoproliferative diseases.

To diagnose lymphoproliferative central nervous system (CNS) involvement we have used monoclonal antibodies in an immunocytochemical method for differentiation of cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood. The cell distribution in 9 patients with B-cell lymphoma and 7 patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia was compared to that in a group of patients with aseptic meningitis. Most patients with neoplastic CNS involvement showed a high proportion of CSF B cells (OKB2+ and/or OKB7+) and a concurrently low proportion of CSF T cells (anti-Leu 1+). Proliferating cells expressing transferrin receptor (OKT9 labeled) were increased in the CSF of 2 patients with neoplastic CNS involvement. In 2 patients with infectious CNS complications, the cell distribution in CSF did not differ from that in patients with aseptic meningitis. Patients with leukemia who had no CNS symptoms, and also 1 patient with meningitis and blood-brain barrier damage, showed a normal cell distribution in CSF despite high B-cell numbers in the peripheral blood. This indicates a selective passage of leukocytes into the CNS and/or local proliferation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Ankle fractures treated with non-rigid internal fixation.

Two hundred and thirty-seven fractures of the ankle treated with non-rigid internal fixation were reviewed with regard to classification, congruency of joint surface, range of motion and the patients' subjective symptoms. The fractures were divided into either severe fractures consisting of two or more skeletal injuries or simple fractures consisting of only one skeletal injury. Successful operation, i.e. congruency of the joint, was seen in 50 per cent of the severe and in 73 per cent of the simple fractures (significant, P less than 0.001). Disability was significantly more frequent after severe fractures and with incongruent joints. This study shows that the operative technique using non-rigid internal fixation is not sufficient for treating severe fractures, as exact anatomical reconstruction of the joint was not obtained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Peripheral neuropathy and monoclonal IgM with antibody activity against peripheral nerve myelin; effect of plasma exchange.

Serum IgM antibodies directed against peripheral nerve myelin were demonstrated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, mixed haemagglutination and indirect immunofluorescence in 3 patients with chronic polyneuropathy and monoclonal serum IgM. Isoelectric focusing followed by antigen immunofixation and autoradiography showed that the antimyelin antibodies co-migrated with the monoclonal IgM. Plasma exchange alone, without chemotherapy, proved beneficial in 2 patients. In one patient, plasma exchange was discontinued because of low IgG levels. Serum IgM and antimyelin antibodies decreased during plasma exchange and no increase beyond initial levels was noted after cessation of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Toxicity of Pluronic F-68.

The toxicity of Pluronic F-68, a non-ionic polyol, was studied in the rat when administered intravenously for one month in daily doses of 0, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Pluronic F-68 induced pulmonary foam cells at the dose levels of 500 and 1000 mg/kg and slight focal degenerative changes in the proximal tubules of the kidneys at the dose levels of 100, 200, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. The cytoplasm of the pulmonary foam cells contained lipid droplets, phospholipids being the most essential constituent. The results indicate that Pluronic F-68 is able to induce phospholipidosis in the rat. Only drugs have so far been reported to cause this condition in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effects of delivery by caesarean section on lung function in healthy newborn infants.

With the aim of extending previous studies showing differences in lung function after birth between infants delivered vaginally (VD) and by Caesarean section (CS) we investigated lung volumes, ventilation, efficiency of ventilation, and lung mechanics in 24 healthy, full term infants with no clinical signs of respiratory disease, 12 after VD and 12 after CS. Measurements were made on two occasions: 2 and 26 hours after birth. At 2 hours no differences in any measured quantity were found between the groups. The only difference found 24 hours later was that the average thoracic gas volume (TGV), was lower in infants after CS than after VD. The difference in functional residual capacity was, however, not significant. This means that the difference in TGV, previously also found by other workers, did not affect the ventilated air space. Our results do not support the theory of general inferiority in lung performance after birth in healthy, full term infants without respiratory disease delivered by CS.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1986

Serum and cerebrospinal fluid antibodies against myelin basic protein and their IgG subclass distribution in multiple sclerosis.

IgG class antibodies reactive with myelin basic protein (MBP) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 37 patients with multiple sclerosis and a control group of 32 patients with tension headache or psychoneurosis. Using standardised amounts of IgG from CSF and serum in ELISA, significantly higher mean antibody levels were found in CSF as well as in serum from the patients with multiple sclerosis. Ten (27%) of the multiple sclerosis CSF samples and 15 (41%) of the multiple sclerosis sera revealed anti MBP antibody levels exceeding 2 SD of the control group. Seven patients (19%) showed exclusive or higher levels of anti MBP antibodies in CSF, suggesting synthesis within the central nervous system. Analysis by ELISA for IgG subclasses of anti MBP antibodies revealed that they were restricted to IgG 1 in four patients and IgG 3 in one.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed1986

Extraction and determination of adenosine 5'-triphosphate in bovine milk by the firefly luciferase assay.

The release of ATP from somatic cells in milk with the detergent Triton X-100 was optimized for assay with firefly luciferase. A small volume of milk (40 microliters) is added to 0.8 ml of 0.2% Triton X-100 in 100 mM Tris, 4 mm EDTA, pH 7.8. After approximately 1 min, 0.2 ml of luciferase reagent is added and the emission of light is measured in a luminometer. Results are calibrated with an ATP standard. This single method gave high yields of ATP from somatic cells in milk without interference from bacterial ATP. Extracts could be stored or transported prior to assay without deterioration of results. A close correlation was found between somatic cell count and ATP in milk samples collected at a farm as well as in milk samples from a cow with experimental mastitis. Results are promising for future use for diagnosis of mastitis but further work and field testing has to be done before it can be used on a wider scale.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗