Variable magnetic interactions in an organic radical system of (m-N-methylpyridinium alpha -nitronyl nitroxide)
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
T Okuno
Publications and source records attributed to T Okuno.
Molecular epidemiological studies of human herpesvirus 6 in families.
The mode of transmission of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) was investigated by molecular epidemiological techniques in four families. HHV-6 was isolated from the peripheral blood of seven infants with exanthem subitum, including siblings, and from the saliva of two mothers. These isolates were examined for genetic relatedness by means of restriction enzymes analysis of purified DNA. While the profiles of the digestion patterns differed among families, they were very similar in a particular family. These results may suggest that HHV-6 is transmitted primarily from mother to child.
Adult↗
Functional roles of terminal glycomoieties in varicella-zoster virus infection.
Terminal glycomoieties of varicella-zoster virus glycoproteins were characterized by their reactivity with lectins and glycosidases, and the functional roles of terminal sugars were analyzed by cell-free virus infectivity. Terminal glycan structures of gpl possessed sialic acid linked alpha (2-3) to galactose of O-linked glycan and galactose-beta (1-4)-N-acetylglucosamine of N-linked glycan. Those of the putative gpIV possessed galactose-beta (1-4)-N-acetylglucosamine of N-linked glycan. Both glycoproteins had mannose alpha (1-3, 6, or 2) linked to mannose in their glycans. Their biological functions on cell-free virus infectivity were assessed by using lectins and exoglycosidases. Sialic acid of glycans on both the viral envelope and the cell surface had a negative effect on infectivity, and the latter had a larger effect on infectivity than the former. Maackia amurensis agglutinin, which recognizes sialic acid, enhanced infectivity more than expected from the simple neutralization of the negative effects of sialic acids between cells and virus. alpha-Mannosidase and alpha-glucosidase treatments of virus significantly reduced infectivity but those of cells did not. Therefore, alpha-mannose and alpha-glucose residues on the viral envelope had functional roles in cell-free virus infection. Inactivation of virus infectivity by concanavalin A was mainly due to the blocking of functional roles of terminal alpha-mannose and alpha-glucose residues of viral glycoproteins.
Acetylglucosamine↗
Restoration of pathogenicity of a penetration-deficient mutant of Collectotrichum lagenarium by DNA complementation.
Infection by Colletotrichum lagenarium requires formation of an appressorium and of a penetration peg. A mutant, 83,348, defective in morphogenesis of the penetration peg was unable to penetrate into cellulose membranes or infect cucumber leaves. DNA transformation using a wild-type genomic library constructed in pKVB resulted in two transformants, Ppr1 and Ppr2, with restored penetration peg formation, from 2,000 benomyl-resistant transformants. However, penetration into cellulose membranes by these transformants ranged from 30 to 40% compared to greater than 90% by wild-type. Southern-blot hybridization showed that a single copy of a cosmid clone had integrated into the genome of the transformants. A 12.0-kbp fragment of the cosmid vector with the flanking region of wild-type genomic DNA was recovered by plasmid rescue from Ppr1. Using the flanking DNA sequences as a probe for colony blot hybridization, a genomic clone was identified and designated pRP46. Transformants obtained following transformation with pRP46 were able to penetrate cellulose membranes. The penetration frequency of pRP46 transformants ranged from 25 to 65%. Transformants were also pathogenic on cucumber.
Cloning, Molecular↗
Salt consumption and body fluid balance during cold exposure in rats.
We investigated the effect of exposure to cold on salt consumption and the role of salt consumption on the maintenance of body fluid balance in male Wistar rats. The rats were provided with both tap water and NaCl solution ad lib during 16-h exposure to cold (10 degrees C) and normal (25 degrees C) air temperature conditions. The concentration of the NaCl solution was 0.9% for one group (0.9% NaCl group; n = 7) and 1.8% for the other (1.8% NaCl group; n = 6). At 10 degrees C, weight loss was greater than that at 25 degrees C, and fluid and Na balance were negative in the 0.9% NaCl group. However, the calculated Na concentration of the fluid consumed in the 0.9% NaCl group was about 135 mEq/l Na (0.8% NaCl) at both 10 degrees C and 25 degrees C. In the 1.8% NaCl group, the values indicating fluid and Na balance under both temperature conditions were similar, while the calculated concentration of Na in fluid consumed at 10 degrees C (187 mEq/l Na: 1.1% NaCl) was higher than that at 25 degrees C (153 mEq/l Na: 0.9% NaCl). These results suggest that the consumption of hypertonic NaCl solution indicating increased salt appetite during exposure to cold counteracts the loss of body fluid and Na via urine.
Acclimatization↗
Cerebral pial arterial innervation with special reference to GABAergic innervation.
Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-immunoreactive (I) nerve fibers were observed to run parallel to other autonomic nerve fibers, especially vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-I nerve fibers at the light microscopic level. At the ultrastructural level, GAD-immunoreactivities co-localized with CGRP immunoreactivities in nerve terminals, but not with choline acetyltransferase, VIP, tyrosine hydroxylase and neuropeptide Y immunoreactivities. GAD immunoreactivities were observed in the trigeminal ganglion, some of which were co-localized with CGRP-immunoreactivities. In the proximal portion of the internal carotid artery, GAD-I adventitial ganglion cells were observed and some were also immunoreactive for CGRP. These results strongly suggest that the origin of GABAergic innervation of the major cerebral pial arteries of the cat is mainly in the trigeminal ganglion, and partly in the adventitial ganglia of the internal carotid artery.
Animals↗
Thermal effect of visible light and infra-red radiation (i.r.-A, i.r.-B and i.r.-C) on the eye: a study of infra-red cataract based on a model.
Exposure to intense optical radiation leads to the development of infra-red (i.r.) cataracts in the workplace. To investigate the importance of the wavelength of optical radiation in i.r. cataract formation, the temperature rises induced in the eye by monochromatic optical radiation (visible light and i.r.) were calculated on the basis of a mathematical model. It is shown that, in accordance with Goldmann's theory when visible light or i.r.-A (780 nm < or = lambda < or = 1400 nm) is incident on the eye, the radiation is absorbed by the iris and converted into heat which is then conducted to the lens and induces cataracts. When i.r.-B (1400 nm < lambda < or = 3000 nm) or i.r.-C (3000 nm < or = lambda < or = 1 mm) is incident on the eye, on the other hand, it is absorbed by the cornea and converted into heat which is then conducted to the lens and induces cataracts. It is suggested that i.r. cataracts are induced by i.r.-B or i.r.-C in the workplace.
Body Temperature↗
High rate of reactivation of human herpesvirus 6 in children with dengue hemorrhagic fever.
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Adolescent↗
Hereditary pancreatic hypoplasia, diabetes mellitus, and congenital heart disease: a new syndrome?
We report on a Japanese family with hereditary pancreatic hypoplasia, diabetes mellitus, and congenital heart disease. The disease was apparently inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The patients in this family had no major anomalies other than those of the heart and pancreas. To our knowledge, this combination has not previously been reported.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Population analysis of the dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of zonisamide in epileptic patients.
The pharmacokinetics of zonisamide was studied using routine therapeutic drug monitoring data from 68 epileptic patients. The 266 serum concentration data at steady-state after repetitive oral administration were analyzed using the nonlinear mixed effects model (NONMEM) program designed for estimation of population pharmacokinetic parameters. A one-compartment model with dose-dependent clearance was used for the pharmacokinetic analysis of zonisamide. The volume of distribution (V) was estimated to be 1.27 l/kg in a typical 33-kg patient, assuming that the bioavailability of orally administered zonisamide is 100%. The maximal daily dose to be cleared (Vmax) and the concentration giving half maximal clearance (a Michaelis-Menten constant) was 27.6 mg/d/kg and 45.9 micrograms/ml, respectively. The parameter of a power function of weight to adjust V and Vmax was estimated to be 0.741. In addition, Vmax for zonisamide appears to be 13% increased in patients receiving carbamazepine concurrently. The population pharmacokinetic parameters of zonisamide will be useful for designing dosage regimens in epileptic patients.
Administration, Oral↗
Influence of exercise intensity and plasma volume on active cutaneous vasodilation in humans.
The influence of dynamic exercise on active cutaneous vasodilation was evaluated in eight male subjects. We measured the increase in internal body temperature (esophageal temperature, Tes) required to elicit active cutaneous vasodilation and the slope of the linear relationship between increases in forearm skin vascular conductance (delta FVC) and Tes during indirect heating (legs immersed in 44 degrees C water for 30 min), 30 min of light exercise (LEX; 75 +/- 5 W = 30% maximal oxygen uptake, VO2max), and 20 min of moderate exercise (MEX, 149 +/- 7 W = 60% VO2max). Studies were conducted in the supine position at 30 degrees C (RH < 30%) and mean skin temperature averaged 35.09 +/- 0.12 degrees C. During indirect heating and LEX, cutaneous vasodilation occurred after a similar increase in Tes, 0.03 +/- 0.02 degrees C and 0.11 +/- 0.02 degrees C, respectively. During MEX, Tes increased 0.42 +/- 0.06 degrees C before the onset of cutaneous vasodilation (P < 0.05, different from rest and LEX). The relationship between the increase in Tes threshold for vasodilation and exercise intensity was nonlinear, indicating that some minimal exercise intensity was required to elicit a delay in active cutaneous vasodilation. That minimal exercise intensity was greater than 30% VO2max (75 +/- 5 W). During MEX the increase in Tes threshold for vasodilation was inversely related to resting plasma volume (ml.kg-1) with a larger initial plasma volume associated with a smaller increase in Tes threshold for cutaneous vasodilation (r2 = 0.67, P = 0.03).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
[Anti-interferon antibody in chronic hepatitis C].
We studied anti-interferon (IFN) antibody in serial serum samples, obtained from 34 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with IFN (HLBI, recombinant IFN-alpha 2a or-2b, HuIFN-beta). Anti-IFN antibody was measured by Western blotting, Anti-IFN antibody was detected in nine (8.1%) of the 111 samples. Two patients treated with recombinant IFN-alpha 2a developed neutralizing anti-IFN antibody, with the development of clinical resistance to IFN therapy, while none of 32 patients treated with either HLBI, recombinant IFN-alpha 2b or HuIFN-beta developed anti-IFN antibody. Anti-IFN antibody was developed in one patients one month after IFN. It is believed that Western blotting, used in this study, is a useful method to evaluate the incidence and clinical significance of anti-IFN antibody.
Adult↗
[A case of prostatic cystadenoma].
We report a case of prostatic cystadenoma in a 45-year-old man with the complaint of urinary retention. The large mass was palpated on rectal examination. The tumor was localized in the position of the left lobe of the prostate and was seen as multi-ocular on computerized tomographic (CT) scan. The serum levels of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) were slightly elevated. The tumor was enucleated retropubically, it weighed 210 g and had an multilocular structure macroscopically. The cyst seen on microscopic examination was lined with cuboidal or columnar epithelial cells and the lining cells were focally multilayered and formed papillary projections. The stroma surrounding the glands was composed of fibrous tissue containing smooth muscle fibers. The epithelial cells were immunoreactive for PAP and PSA.
Cystadenoma↗
End-to-end duodenojejunal bypass for unresectable periampullary carcinoma.
Palliative operation plays an important part in the treatment of periampullary carcinoma. However, gastric bypass such as the widely practiced side-to-side gastrojejunostomy frequently fails to provide adequate drainage. Here we attempted to fashion an end-to-end duodenojejunostomy in the hope of establishing physiological continuity of the stomach and duodenum. Biliary bypass with side-to-side choledochojejunostomy is performed simultaneously. Eight patients underwent this surgery. In seven of these, radical resection proved to be impossible, and in one the duodeno-biliary decompression was attempted before the radical operation. Early results were satisfactory in all patients. They began to eat liquid meals within a week, and were discharged uneventfully within the third postoperative week, when they were able to eat a regular diet. No ulcer developed in any of the patients. Plasma gastrin levels following a test meal was significantly lower after the operation, but plasma CCK-N and GIP levels showed no statistical difference prior to and after surgery. This duodenojejunal bypass is recommended as a means of improving the quality of the remaining life of the patients.
Aged↗
[A case of malignant pheochromocytoma with high levels of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and calcitonin].
A 71-year-old woman was admitted with the chief complaint of headache, lumbago and slight fever. Computerized tomographic (CT) scan demonstrated a large soft tissue mass with multiple cystic necrosis in the right adrenal region. The plasma norepinephrine concentration was excessive and serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), calcitonin and parathormone were elevated. MIBG scintigraphy showed a high uptake in the same region. Under the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma without distant metastasis, right adrenalectomy was performed. The tumor was removed en bloc with right kidney and a part of the liver because of inflammatory adhesion. The histological examination revealed benign pheochromocytoma. After the operation, norepinephrine and calcitonin decreased to normal but the levels of NSE and PTH remained high. One year after operation, chest X-ray revealed multiple lung metastases and after 1.5 years she died of respiratory failure. Autopsy revealed multiple lung and bone metastases and a liver metastasis, parathyroid glands showed hyperplasia but the thyroid gland showed no abnormal change. This clinical course suggests that serum NSE might be a useful tumor marker for differentiating malignant pheochromocytoma from benign one, and this tumor producing calcitonin caused secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
[A case of benign epilepsy of children with centro-temporal EEG foci with multiple arachnoid cysts].
An 8-year-old boy with benign epilepsy of children with centro-temporal EEG foci (BECCT) with multiple arachnoid cysts was reported. He had febrile convulsions 3 times, for a few minutes each time, at the age of 7 months, and thereafter had generalized tonic-clonic convulsions of 2 minute duration twice in 2 days without fever. EEG showed spike & wave complexes predominantly in the right central area. CT revealed arachnoid cysts in the right temporal lobe and cerebellar hemisphere, and left frontal and central sulci. He has been treated with carbamazepine without neurosurgical operation for the arachnoid cysts, and no seizure has occurred besides a single episode at the age of 3 years. Only 3 cases of BECCT with arachnoid cysts have been reported in the literature. Two of these cases underwent neurosurgical operations for arachnoid cysts, but the operations led to improvement in neither the clinical course nor EEG findings. It is suggested that arachnoid cysts do not lead to poorer prognosis in a patient with BECCT.
Arachnoid Cysts↗
The state of recurrence and the role of hepatectomy in hepatocellular carcinoma.
The subjects involved in the present study were 113 patients with hepatocellular carcinomas who had undergone hepatectomy in our hospital during the past 10 years. During the surveillance, 79 of the 113 patients (69.9%) had recurrence in the residual liver. The cumulative non-recurrence rate at 2 and 5 years was 48.4% and 18.1%, respectively and the cumulative survival rate at 2 and 5 years was 83.8% and 47.5%, respectively. The recurrence in the residual liver tended to occur in the group with the larger tumor size, in the single nodular surrounding proliferative types and in the aneuploid types. There were no differences in the recurrence rate and state relating to the operative procedure. To improve the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, it is necessary to consider the hepatic functional reserve after hepatectomy, and to make plans for multidisciplinary therapy, including such further treatment as transcatheter arterial embolization, infusion chemotherapy and preoperative percutaneous ethanol injection.
Adult↗
[Efficacy of interferon combined glycyrrhizin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C resistant to interferon therapy].
To assess the efficacy of interferon (IFN) combined with a large dose of glycyrrhizin (SNMC) therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C who were resistant to interferon therapy alone, we studied 8 patients with chronic hepatitis C who did not respond to the initial interferon therapy. Initially all of 8 patients received 6 million units of alpha-IFN intramuscularly, three times a week, for 3 months and their serum alanine transaminase (ALT) did not decrease more than 50% at the end of therapy and returned to pretreatment levels after therapy. Six months later, all of these patients received alpha-IFN (6 MU) combined with 80 ml of SNMC intravenously, three times a week for 6 months. Prior to the initial IFN therapy alone, all of the patients were positive for anti-HCV and HCV RNA in the serum. With IFN therapy, serum HCV RNA became negative in 4 of 8 patients and HAI score decreased significantly although their ALT levels did not decrease more than 50%, while with IFN combined with SNMC therapy, ALT levels decreased approximately 70% in all patients (one became normal), serum HCV RNA became negative in 2 and HAI scores did not change significantly. There was no significant differences in decrease of HCV RNA titers and HAI scores between two therapy except the ALT levels. These findings suggest that IFN combined SNMC therapy does not appear to be more beneficial than IFN therapy alone.
Adult↗