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Biomedical subjects

T Okuno

Publications and source records attributed to T Okuno.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Regulation of rCBF by intracortical vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing neurons. Immunohistochemical and hydrogen clearance study in rats.

The role of intracortical vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-containing neurons in the regulation of cortical blood flow was investigated in rats by immunohistochemical and hydrogen clearance methods. Immunohistochemical studies revealed an intimate association between intracortical VIP-containing neurons and small blood vessels. Intracortical injection of a VIP solution (10(-5) M) produced significantly higher blood flow in the treated cortex (mean +/- standard error of the mean: 46.2 +/- 4.0 ml/100 gm/min) than in the untreated cortex (36.9 +/- 2.4 ml/100 gm/min). These data suggest that intracortical VIP-containing neurons produce dilatation of intracortical blood vessels.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Unusual trihydroxy bile acids in the urine of healthy humans.

The urinary bile acids of 20 adults (aged between 20 and 40 yr), 17 neonates (below 1 week old) and 15 aged men (older than 80 yr old) who were all healthy, were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Frequently, three unusual trihydroxy bile acids, namely hyocholic acid, ursocholic acid and omega-muricholic acid were detected as minor components. Our data further suggest that the metabolism of unusual trihydroxy bile acids in the healthy humans is related to age.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Natural cytotoxic (NC) cell activity in basophilic cells: release of NC-specific cytotoxic factor by IgE receptor triggering.

A murine interleukin 3 (IL 3)-dependent basophilic mast cell line, PT-18 (A17), and a rat basophilic leukemic cell line, RBL-2H3, were shown to be capable of selective natural cytotoxic (NC) but not natural killer (NK) cell activity. The basophilic cell types could also be augmented in their NC activity by bridging of their surface IgE receptors. IgE-mediated triggering of the basophilic cells was accomplished by coating the cells with IgE and exposing the IgE-bound cells to specific antigen or to anti-IgE monoclonal antibody. Another method of triggering was by direct binding of basophilic cells to anti-IgE receptor monoclonal antibody. Basophilic cells, triggered by these methods, not only displayed increased NC activity but also released a soluble factor capable of selectively lysing NC tumor targets, WEHI-164, but not three of the NK-sensitive targets, YAC-1, RLM1, and RBL-5. Normal C3H/HeJ mouse embryonic fibroblasts were also not lysed. Dose response and time course of the cytotoxic factor release from triggered RBL-2H3 cells were similar to those of tritiated serotonin release. As with serotonin or histamine release, the NC-specific cytotoxic factor (NCCF) was not released in the absence of extracellular calcium. Therefore, NCCF appears to be released along with other mediators during the triggering of basophilic cells by bridging of IgE receptors. The m.w. of the native form of this factor, determined by a gel filtration method, was about 43,000.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Three dimensional observation of the nerve fibers along the cerebral blood vessels.

Three dimensional observation of the nerve fibers along the cerebral blood vessels was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Electron probe X-ray microanalysis was also performed in the cerebral blood vessels treated with peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemistry intensified by nickel ammonium sulfate. Nerve fibers (2-8 microns in diameter) formed a plexus on the outer surface of the adventitia. After branching, the nerve fibers penetrated the blood vessel adventitia. Substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibers showed a meshwork pattern in the outer layer of the adventitia, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-immunoreactive nerve fibers revealed a spiral running pattern in the inner layer of the adventitia. Taken together with previous studies, these findings suggest that substance P nerve fibers in the cerebral arteries may not be related to arterial dilatation or constriction, but VIP nerve fibers may be vasodilative.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A radiopharmaceutical for pancreatic exocrine functional diagnosis: 62Zn-EDDA metabolism in pancreas.

The metabolic pathway of radioactive 62Zn-EDDA (ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid), in the exocrine pancreas was studied with respect to that of endogenous Zn. In pancreatic duct cannulated dog, the secretion of intravenously injected exogenous 62Zn into pancreatic juice increased under the stimulation of CCK-PZ (pancreatic protein secretion stimulating hormone), which closely correlated to endogenous Zn. Moreover, in pancreatic juice, 62Zn as well as endogenous Zn was selectively bound to Zn-metalloenzymes, carboxypeptidase A and B. These results demonstrated the close correlation between the endogenous and the exogenously-administered Zn (62Zn-EDDA), as well as the high availability of 62Zn-EDDA as a marker of pancreatic function for the follow up of carboxypeptidase metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Follow-up study on the relationship between age at onset of illness and outcome in patients with moyamoya disease].

Follow-up studies over more than one and a half years (average 6.5 years) were performed in 51 patients with "moyamoya disease". Activities of daily living (ADL) was assessed and graded into five levels both at the time of admission into hospital and at the last assessment in the follow-up study, as follows. Grade I: Fully capable of work or study with no or minimal difficulty, II: Capable of limited work or study with difficulty, III: Incapable of work or study but capable of home life alone, IV: Incapable of home life without help, V: Vegetative state or dead. Patients were divided into three groups by the age of clinical onset: younger pediatric, less than 5 years old (21 patients); older pediatric, 5 to 15 years old (14 patients); and adult, 16 years old and over (16 patients). Although analysis of the angiographical and neurological pictures is important, the present paper concerns only the age of clinical onset and whether reconstructive vascular surgery was performed, because of the small number of clinical materials. Seven of 16 adults suffered hemorrhagic attacks and 2 of them died of hemorrhagic insults. In contrast, none of the pediatric cases had hemorrhagic attacks and none died. Both at the time of admission and last assessment, ADL of younger pediatric cases was much lower than that of older ones. These results suggest that clinical course in patients with "moyamoya disease" closely related with the age of the onset of illness, and the border age of onset of illness between patients with good outcome and with poor outcome is around 5 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1985

Hepatitis due to repeated inhalation of methoxyflurane in subanaesthetic concentrations.

The authors present a case of hepatitis, which was due to repeated self-administered inhalation of methoxyflurane in subanaesthetic concentrations for insomnia. The diagnosis of viral hepatitis, type A or type B, was excluded on the basis of serologic findings. This case is of particular interest in that methoxyflurane even in subanaesthetic concentrations caused hepatic damage on repeated exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Processing of virus-specific glycoproteins of varicella zoster virus.

Monoclonal antibodies to varicella zoster virus (VZV) glycoproteins were used to study the processing of three glycoproteins with molecular weights of 83K-94K (gp 2), 64K (gp 3), and 55K (gp 5). Immunoprecipitation experiments performed with VZV-infected cells, pulse labeled with [3H]glucosamine in the presence of tunicamycin, suggest that O-linked oligosaccharide is present on the glycoprotein of gp 2. Use of the enzyme endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H revealed that the fully processed form of gp 3 had high-mannose type and that of gp 5 had only complex type of N-linked oligosaccharides. Experiments with monensin suggest that the precursor form (116K) of gp 3 is cleaved during the processing from Golgi apparatus to cell surface membrane. The extension of O-linked oligosaccharide chain and the complex type of N-linked oligosaccharide chains also occurs during this processing.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Prognosis and treatment of polymyositis with particular reference to steroid resistant patients.

Eight boys and six girls with polymyositis examined between 1967 and 1982 were studied. The mean age of disease onset was 5 years 5 months. The initial regimen was prednisolone, 1.2 to 2.3 mg/kg/day, and after four weeks this dose was decreased gradually to a maintenance level of 5 to 20 mg on alternate days. The total treatment period was 3 years 6 months on average. Eleven of the 14 children had a uniphasic course, and steroids were stopped without a resurgence of the disease: three were refractory to steroid treatment. One of these died of a cardiomyopathy seven years after the onset of the illness despite treatment with steroids and cyclophosphamide; the second was treated with adrenocorticotrophic hormone after prednisolone, but without benefit; and in the third a series of treatment with lympho-plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide resulted in some improvement. As cardiac involvement in polymyositis may become overt if the disease persists for many years, patients refractory to steroids should be given alternative treatment.

Adolescent↗