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Biomedical subjects

T Okuno

Publications and source records attributed to T Okuno.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Histological improvement of chronic hepatitis B, and non-A, non-B with interferon treatment: application of a numerical scoring system for evaluating sequential morphologic changes.

In order to assess the sequential changes of liver pathology after interferon therapy, 70 liver biopsy specimens, collected from 23 HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B and 12 patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis, were studied using a numerical scoring system proposed by Knodell et al. The biopsy specimens were obtained immediately prior to the administration of interferon and within one week following the termination of interferon therapy. Three patients with chronic hepatitis B were negative for DNA-polymerase (DNA-P) prior to the interferon administration. Ten patients (50%) lost DNA-P activity. HBeAg became negative in 8 patients (34.8%), of whom 2 seroconverted to anti-HBe. Serum alanine aminotransferase levels normalized in 9 patients with chronic hepatitis B, and non-A, non-B hepatitis. The total Histological Activity Index (HAI) scores in both patients with chronic hepatitis B, and non-A, non-B decreased significantly (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.005, respectively) after interferon treatment. There was also a significant improvement (0.02 less than P less than 0.001) in each histological category except for fibrosis. When the changes of the HAI scores in patients with chronic hepatitis B were correlated to the outcome in the DNA-P and HBeAg/anti-HBe system after treatment, the histological improvement did not significantly correlate to the outcome of these serological parameters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Analysis of a glycoprotein of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) using monoclonal antibodies.

The virus-specific polypeptides of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) were studied. Six hybridoma clones secreting monoclonal antibodies were established. Localized cytoplasmic antigen and surface antigens were found in and on the infected cells, respectively, by using the immunofluorescent test with those antibodies. In the neutralization test, two clones (OHV3 and OHV9) neutralized HHV-6, but the other five monoclonal antibodies did not. When infected cells were labeled with [35S]methionine and the antigens were immunoprecipitated by OHV3 and OHV9 followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, two polypeptides with molecular weights of 98,000 (98K) and 92K were detected. Furthermore, it was found that these polypeptides were glycosylated, because they were labeled with [14C]mannose. Pulse-chase studies revealed that precursor molecules were cotranslationaly glycosylated to produce 98K glycoprotein and they were replaced by 92K glycoprotein. Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases H and F reduced those glycoproteins to putative precursor molecules of 75 kDa. This indicates that N-linked high-mannose sugars associate to 98K and 92K glycoproteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Interpeduncular high-density spot in severe shearing injury.

Thirty cases of severe shearing injury were analyzed utilizing serial computed tomography scans and clinical observations. Fatalities occurred in the majority of patients whose Glasgow Coma Scale scores at admission were 6 or less. The presence of perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage, hemorrhage in the corpus callosum, acute brain swelling, and intraventricular hemorrhage on computed tomography scans resulted in high mortality rates. In 13 patients, interpeduncular high-density spots were observed on computed tomography scans, which were performed in the acute stage of injury. Eight of these patients died, and those surviving had poorer neurological outcomes than corresponding patients with identical Glasgow Coma Scale scores on admission. In the management of severe shearing injury patients, more attention should be given to the presence of interpeduncular high-density spots as well as other important diagnostic computed tomography findings regarding diffuse brain injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Complex I (reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide-coenzyme Q reductase) deficiency in two patients with probable Leigh syndrome.

Two infants who had clinical and radiographic findings consistent with Leigh syndrome were found to have deficiency of complex I (reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide--coenzyme Q reductase) activity. Significant abnormalities were found on computed tomographic scans and magnetic resonance images of the brain. Lactate and pyruvate concentrations in blood and cerebrospinal fluid were elevated, and muscle biopsy specimens showed abnormal mitochondria. These data indicate that Leigh syndrome, as well as MELAS syndrome (mitochondrial encephalopathy, myopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) may result from complex I deficiency.

Brain Diseases, Metabolic↗
PubMed1990

A case of recurrent aural cholesteatoma extending into the middle cranial fossa.

A case of aural cholesteatoma extending into the middle cranial fossa is presented. The cholesteatoma appears to have recurred in an ear in which a radical mastoidectomy had been performed more than 40 years earlier. The patient complained only of a vague sensation of heat in the head and did not manifest distinct neurologic signs or symptoms. The cholesteatoma was removed through an extended endaural approach. Extension of aural cholesteatoma beyond the confines of the temporal bone appears to be quite unusual.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Epileptic seizures difficult to differentiate from alternating hemiplegia in infants: a case report.

A child with epileptic seizures had a clinical course similar to that of alternating hemiplegia of infancy (AHI). Tonic hemiplegia began at 2 months of age, and atonic alternating hemiplegia and tetraplegic attacks began at 2 years of age. Clinical findings were paroxysmal ocular movement abnormalities, choreoathetotic involuntary movements, and severe developmental retardation. An interictal EEG at 6 years of age showed multiple independent spike discharges. An ictal EEG showed diffuse irregular spike-wave and slow wave bursts following focal spikes. The present case suggests that a long-term extensive follow-up is necessary to differentiate epileptic seizures from AHI.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Magnetic resonance imaging in relation to EEG epileptic foci in tuberous sclerosis.

In 20 patients with tuberous sclerosis (TS), who were sequentially treated for epilepsy at our clinic, the high signal lesions in the cerebral cortex and subcortex detected on T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were compared with the interictal EEG findings. In four cases who showed a unilateral distribution of the MRI lesions, there was a good correlation between the laterality of the affected lobes and the localization of the EEG epileptic foci. Thirteen cases with more than four affected lobes in both hemispheres also showed bilateral epileptic foci on EEG. The MRI lesions in the occipital lobes showed the best correlation with the EEG epileptic foci, while the worst correlation was seen in the frontal lobes. In addition, the cases with four or more affected lobes without laterality on MRI are more likely to show bilateral synchronization on EEG. The prognosis of epilepsy in these cases was found to be rather poor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Human herpesvirus 6 infection in renal transplantation.

The relationship between renal transplantation and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection was studied. All 21 kidney donors examined had antibody to HHV-6 at the time of transplantation. The 21 kidney recipients also had detectable antibody to HHV-6 before transplantation--and, of these, 8 patients showed a significant increase of serum antibody titer against HHV-6 after transplantation. All these 8 recipients suffered severe kidney rejection. Furthermore, virus isolation from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 2 recipients who suffered rejection was attempted, and in both cases HHV-6 was isolated. Biopsy specimens of rejected kidneys of 9 other patients were examined for the presence of HHV-6 antigens, and in 5 of these specimens antigens were detected in the tubular epithelium, as well as in infiltrating histiocytes and lymphocytes. These results suggest that HHV-6 can infect renal tissues and that the infection may be correlated with rejection or with immunosuppressive therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Meningo-encephalitis associated with HHV-6 related exanthem subitum.

We report a 10-month-old boy with acute meningo-encephalitis associated with exanthem subitum. It has recently been reported that human herpesvirus-6 is the causative agent of exanthem subitum, and to our knowledge our case is the first report of meningo-encephalitis associated with HHV-6 infection.

Exanthema Subitum↗
PubMed1990

Argon laser irradiation of the otolithic organ.

An argon laser was used to irradiate the otolithic organs of guinea pigs and cynomolgus monkeys. After stapedectomy, the argon laser (1.5 W x 0.5 sec/shot) irradiated the utricle or saccule without touching the sensory organs. The stapes was replaced over the oval window after irradiation. The animals used for acute observation were killed immediately for morphologic studies; those used for long-term observation were kept alive for 2, 4, or 10 weeks. Acute observation revealed that sensory and supporting cells were elevated from the basement membrane only in the irradiated area. No rupture of the membranous labyrinth was observed. Long-term observation revealed that the otolith of the macula utriculi had disappeared in 2-week specimens. The entire macula utricili had disappeared in 10-week specimens. No morphologic changes were observed in cochlea, semicircular canals, or membranous labyrinth. The saccule showed similar changes.

Acoustic Maculae↗
PubMed1990

Somatosensory evoked potentials in Hallervorden-Spatz-neuroaxonal-dystrophy complex with dorsal column involvement.

Two patients with a marked hypointensity of the globus pallidus on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is known to be diagnostic for Hallervorden-Spatz disease (HSD), are presented. Patient 1 fell ill at about 10 years of age with visual disturbance, spastic paraplegia and mild ataxia, while patient 2 was affected during the second year of life with clinical features compatible with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD). The two patients had certain clinical features in common; upper and lower motor neuron involvement, visual disturbance secondary to optic nerve atrophy, and dorsal column dysfunction, the evidence of which was seen from abnormal somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) obtained after posterior tibial nerve stimulation. In both patients, electron microscopic examination of the biopsied skin or sural nerve showed dystrophic axons, spheroids, and involvement of the peripheral nerve was indicated. Sharing of these clinical, pathological and MRI characteristics by the two patients supports the view of Seitelberger, who regarded HSD and INAD as constituents of a single disease entity, therefore the two patients were described as belonging to a disease spectrum of "Hallervorden-Spatz-neuroaxonal-dystrophy complex (HS-ND)." Sensory impairment has been a rare clinical feature in "HS-ND" complex, although its existence is not inconceivable considering the usual affection of the dorsal column/lemniscal pathway with spheroids. SEP was considered very useful in disclosing this often unmanifested sensory disturbance in "HS-ND" complex.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[HLA and otosclerosis].

The HLA antigens frequencies were studied in 30 Japanese patients with otosclerosis, and were compared with those of 220 randomly-selected apparently healthy unrelated Japanese. Serological HLA typing was performed by the modified two-stage complement-dependent microcytotoxicity method at the Blood Transfusion Service, Tokyo University Hospital. The results were as follows: There was no significant deviation of HLA class I antigen frequencies in the patients tested as compared with those in controls. As for HLA class II antigens, the DRw11 antigens frequency showed slight increase; however, after the correction of the P value, this was not significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Renal function study assessed by 99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy before and after PNL].

99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy was carried out in 54 patients with unilateral renal stones before and after PNL. Four to 8 weeks after PNL the DMSA renal uptake significantly decreased to 17.2 +/- 6.0% from 18.2 +/- 6.7% before PNL. DMSA renal uptake did not change in the contralateral side. Since in some patients changes in the DMSA renal uptake of 5-7% were observed after PNL not only in the PNL side but also in the contralateral side, the renal function was assessed by the formula: DMSA renal uptake in the PNL side/DMSA renal uptake in the contralateral side, and the change of this ratio was evaluated in 44 patients, in whom the renal DMSA uptake in the PNL side was less than two times that in the contralateral side. The DMSA renal uptake ratio decreased to 95.6 +/- 8.7% from the base line 4-8 weeks after PNL. This change was statistically significant. Some functional risks such as massive bleeding with PNL, the fever after PNL and the number of nephrostomy tract did not affect the decrease in the renal function. In 29 patients in whom renal function was reevaluated one year after PNL, the DMSA renal uptake ratio significantly decreased to 94.2 +/- 9.6% from the base line 4-8 weeks after PNL. But the ratio significantly improved to 99.6 +/- 11.6% about one year after PNL. In two patients with a cold area on the renal image, the renal function of the operated side still remained at about 80% levels from the base line even one year after PNL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Comparative assay of varicella skin test antigens by the ELISA and RPHA tests.

The antigenic potency of the varicella skin test antigens was assayed by reversed passive haemagglutination (RPHA) test using sheep red blood cells coated with zoster convalescent serum and by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using anti-VZV sera or monoclonal antibody to gpI followed by an anti-IgG beta-galactosidase conjugate. Three kinds of varicella skin test antigens were compared: a soluble varicella skin test antigen, a modified soluble varicella skin test antigen, and a crude varicella skin test antigen. The RPHA test was suitable for the soluble and for modified soluble varicella skin test antigens but it was not suitable for the crude varicella skin test antigen. ELISA was applicable for all the three antigen types. It was possible to assess quantitatively the content of viral antigens in the same type of the skin test antigen, but not by comparing the different skin test antigen types. ELISA was more efficient in the quantitative assay of the amount of viral antigens than the RPHA test.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Changes of intrahepatic localization of hepatitis B core antigen in HBeAg positive patients with chronic active hepatitis B treated with interferon.

The intrahepatic distribution of hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) was studied in 14 HBeAg-positive patients with chronic active hepatitis B who were treated with interferon. Patients received 5 to 6 million units daily of human lymphoblastoid interferon or human diploid fibroblast interferon for 28 days. Intrahepatic HBcAg was detected by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Before interferon therapy, the intrahepatic HBcAg was detected almost equally in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. The expression of nuclear HBcAg decreased significantly (p less than 0.001) after interferon therapy, irrespective of the outcome for DNA polymerase and/or HBeAg/anti-HBe status. The expression of cytoplasmic HBcAg decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) only in the patients who lost DNA polymerase after treatment, whereas it increased in patients with DNA polymerase and/or HBeAg in the serum. These findings suggested that a shift of intrahepatic HBcAg from the nucleus to the cytoplasm occurred in HBeAg-positive patients with chronic active hepatitis B receiving interferon therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Visual evoked potential abnormalities in a girl with brain stem encephalitis (Bickerstaff)].

A 16-month-old girl was admitted because of bilateral ophthalmoplegia, left blepharoptosis, and disturbance of consciousness. Her symptoms resolved spontaneously within a week after admission, but mild left abducens palsy remained. The cranial computed tomography showed a mild non-specific brain atrophy. The auditory brain stem response was normal. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to flash stimuli were repeated serially after the onset. No significative patterns of VEP were evoked during the acute stage. However, three months after the onset, an asymmetrical pattern, namely left-sided abnormalities (not-identified P 100 wave, etc.), was observed. The asymmetrical pattern of VEP diminished six months after. And a bilaterally normal VEP pattern was found twelve months after.

Brain Stem↗