[Concentration of metals and PAH's in a semifluid content in the cavity of massive lesion of pneumoconiosis in a coal worker].
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
T Okubo
Publications and source records attributed to T Okubo.
[VEPA and ML-Y1 regimen for elderly non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].
A total of 32 previously untreated patients aged 65 years or older with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were treated with VEPA (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone and doxorubicin) or ML-Y1 (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, bleomycin, procarbazizin and prednisolone). The median age of the patients was 70 years (range 65-77), 19 males and 13 females. The outcome of 16 patients with VEPA and 16 patients with ML-Y1 was retrospectively evaluated. There were no significant differences in response or survival between VEPA and ML-Y1, complete remission rates were 37.5% vs. 31.3% and duration of 50% survival were 20 months and 13 months, respectively. Major side effects of both regimens were myelosuppression, hair loss, nausea, vomiting and peripheral neuropathy. There was no increased toxicity in ML-Y1 but this regimen seemed like VEPA, to be insufficient for NHL in elderly patients. A new intensive regimen should be designed to treat NHL in the elderly patients.
Aged↗
Influence of partially hydrolyzed guar gum on constipation in women.
A partially hydrolyzed guar gum preparation (PHGG, average molecular weight: 20,000), obtained as a water-soluble dietary fiber by digestion of guar gum with beta-D-endomannanase, was administered as a beverage (11 g a day, bid) to 15 constipated women for 3 weeks. Defecating frequency, pH, weight, moisture, and bacterial flora of the feces were investigated and compared with the control periods. Average total dietary fiber taken from food was 9.7 +/- 0.1 g/day during the experiment. PHGG caused an increase in the defecating frequency from 0.46 +/- 0.05 (frequency/day, M +/- SE) to 0.63 +/- 0.05. Fecal moisture significantly increased from 69.1% in the control period to 73.8% by ingestion of PHGG. Fecal moisture content also increased consistent with lowering the pH of feces (r = -0.478). The frequency of Lactobacillus spp. occurrence in feces significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared with the control period. These results clearly indicate that PHGG softens and improves the output of feces.
Adolescent↗
[A case of chronic hemorrhagic pyothorax treated by extraperiosteal air plombage method].
A 64-year-old female patient was admitted with severe exertional dypnea. She had undergone left pneumonectomy because of lung tuberculosis at the age of 31. Her chest X-ray showed total opacity of the left hemithorax and mediastinal deviation to the right. The examination of the pleural effusion revealed neither malignant cells nor micro-organisms. She underwent surgery, by extraperiosteal air plombage method, successfully. Five months after the operation, her lung function and chest X-ray improved dramatically and exertional dyspnea was diminished. We conclude that the extraperiosteal air plombage method is a useful technique for patients with chronic hemorrhagic pyothorax.
Chronic Disease↗
[A case of lipoid pneumonia showing a pulmonary nodule mimicking lung cancer].
A 49-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of hemosputum, left chest pain and an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray. Computed tomography of the chest revealed a tumor-like shadow with a low density area in the left lower lung field. Ga scintigraphy revealed strong Ga uptake in the left lower lung. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed obstruction of subsegmental bronchi of it. B9+10. Neither transbronchial biopsy nor sputum cytology showed any malignant cells. Transcutaneous lung biopsy showed infiltration of foamy macrophages in alveolar spaces and lymphocytes and plasma cells in alveolar septa. Since there was a possibility of complicating lung cancer, and because of refractory hemosputum, the patient underwent left lower lobectomy. The cut surface of the resected left lobe showed the features of golden pneumonia with cavitation. The histological features of the resected specimen were those of lipoid pneumonia, and no cancer cells were detected.
Diagnosis, Differential↗
CD4+ CD8+ granular lymphocytic leukemia arising in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia.
A 59-year-old woman who had an 8-year history of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) developed granular lymphocytic leukemia (GLL). She had a small number of granular lymphocytes (GL) in her bone marrow (BM) at the onset of AML. The GL increased during complete remission (CR) of AML, but not at the relapse. During the third CR state of AML, GL increased to 4.0 x 10(9)/l in the peripheral blood (PB). The GL were T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha beta+ T cells and expressed both CD4 and CD8 antigens. Rearrangements of TCR beta and gamma chain genes were detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC), confirming that this patient had GLL. The PBMNC from the patient responded weakly to PHA or ConA, yet they responded to her own bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) or CD4-depleted BMMNC that contained AML cells stronger than her own PBMNC or normal PBMNC. These observations suggest that monoclonal proliferation of GL developed after the reactive proliferation of GL in response to AML cells.
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes↗
[Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula with Rendu-Osler-Weber disease and its HLA typing--a review and report of 87 cases of fistula].
Seven cases with pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) in our hospital were reviewed on clinical data and HLA antigens. Furthermore, 80 reported cases of PAVF in Japan were summarized about the association with Rendu-Osler-Weber disease (Osler disease). Thirty-six (41%) of the total 87 cases had Osler disease. Fistulas were single in 46 cases and multiple in 41; unilateral in 56 and bilateral in 31. Operations were performed in 61 cases, embolizations in 8 and no therapy in 18. The frequency of the bilateral fistulas and multiple ones was significantly higher in cases with Osler disease (n = 36) than in those without Osler disease (n = 51) (p < 0.025). In our 7 cases, 6 had Osler disease. Aggregation of platelets was decreased in one case. Contralateral fistulas were recurred in another case 8 years after surgery. Three cases with Osler disease had the HLA halotype A26Bw6Bw61 which did not coincide with that in previous reports. We concluded that various HLA halotypes might exist in Osler disease.
Adolescent↗
[A case of aseptic meningoencephalitis in a patient with secondary Sjögren syndrome with systemic lupus erythematosus].
A 26-year-old woman, who had been treated with prednisolone 30 mg/day for secondary Sjögren syndrome (SjS) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), was complicated with aseptic meningoencephalitis (AME). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell counts were 26/3, total protein 126 mg/dl, glucose 41 mg/dl. The CSF, blood, nasopharyngeal swab were cultured for bacteria, mycobacteria, viruses and fungi, but no evidence for an infectious etiology was obtained in this patient. The pair sera study for viruses titer were performed, but no significant titer elevation was observed. Head magnetic resonance imaging showed remarkable atrophy of bilateral occipital lobe and dilatation of posterior horn of bilateral ventricles. The high 2-5AS enzyme activity in the CSF suggested indirectly that the cause of this meningoencephalitis was virus infection. In this case microbiological studies were negative, so central nervous system SLE and/or central nervous system SjS were not completely neglected.
Adult↗
[Genomic DNA fingerprinting of arbekacin-resistant MRSA by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis].
We surveyed 387 clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) obtained from 26 hospitals isolated in 1993 to determine whether they became resistant to arbekacin (ABK). Twenty-five ABK-resistant MRSA (6.5%) were isolated from 9 hospitals. Analysis of genomic DNA fingerprinting by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to confirm the classification by resistance patterns, phage typing and other biological characters. After digestion with endonuclease SmaI, two or three types of restriction patterns were found in ABK-resistant MRSA isolated from each hospital. We concluded that ABK-resistant MRSA may spread through nosocomial MRSA infections.
Aminoglycosides↗
[Emergence of arbekacin resistant strains among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus].
We studied the efficacy of arbekacin (ABK) against MRSA that were resistant to gentamicin (GM). ABK was fairly active against most of the GM-resistant MRSA strains. Against highly GM-resistant strains, however, ABK was slightly less active than it was against the low level GM-resistant strains. ABK-resistant mutants were isolated from GM-resistant MRSA at a frequency of 10(-4) to 10(-5) when the selection was made with MIC of ABK. But the frequency decreased with higher concentration of ABK or with a use of 1/2 MIC of beta-lactam antibiotics, such as cefazolin, cefotiam, cefamandole or flomoxef, together with ABK. We isolated a ABK-resistant mutant from a laboratory strain MS353/pMS91 which possess a GM-resistant gene on a plasmid. The gene encodes a modifying enzyme, AAC-6'/APH-2". We compared the enzyme activities between the mutant MS353/pMS91M and MS353/pMS91. The mutant strain showed enzyme activity six times as much as the primary strain. This result suggests that the increase of AGs-modifying enzymes was responsible for the ABK-resistance of MRSA.
Acetyltransferases↗
[MRSA infections in surgery].
Susceptibilities to antibiotics were determined in 36 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from clinical specimens from 1990 to 1992. Rates of resistance to arbekacin and minocycline were 31% and 53%, respectively. However, all MRSA isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. MRSA was found in 12 out of 35 cases. Three infections caused by MRSA included enterocolitis (3), abscess (5), pneumonia (1), cholangitis (1), peritonitis (1) and catheter related sepsis (1). In two cases patients died with bacteremia within two years after the onset of MRSA infections.
Aged↗
[A case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the pulmonary artery].
We presented a rare case of primary pulmonary artery sarcoma. A 27-year-old female was admitted with fever and back pain. Her chest X-ray showed right pleural effusion and infiltrate in the right lower lobe. Enhanced chest CT scan and pulmonary angiogram showed an intraluminal filling defect of the pulmonary trunk. She was operated on under cardiopulmonary bypass. Following the incision of the pulmonary trunk, a polypoid soft yellowing mass was exposed. The local tumor resection and the right pneumonectomy were performed. Histological and immunohistochemical studies of the tumor revealed malignant fibrous histiocytoma. She made a good recovery but died of distant metastases 10 months after surgery.
Adult↗
[Clinical study on reoperation for recurrent pulmonary metastasis].
Ninety seven patients with metastatic lung tumors were treated surgically in our department. Second pulmonary resections were performed in 13 patients. They consists of 9 males and 4 females, their age ranged from 12 to 75 years old (average 54.4 years old). Tumors originate from sarcoma in 5 cases, laryngeal cancer, colorectal cancer, renal cell cancer in 2 cases respectively, oral cavity cancer and transitional cell cancer in 1 case respectively. No second pulmonary resection was performed in patients with metastatic lung tumors originating from lung cancer or breast cancer, because they metastatize not only lung but also general organs. No second pulmonary resection was required in patients with testicular tumor and choriocarcinoma, because chemotherapy take good effect on them.
Adult↗
[Drug resistance and phage typing of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus].
Activities of antimicrobial agents were examined against Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in 1990. Strains resistant to benzylpenicillin were isolated at the highest frequency (93.6%), and followed by those resistant to kanamycin (51.5%), erythromycin (49.0%), gentamicin (45.1%), fluoroquinolone (33.4%) and minocycline (12.3%). Most of these drug resistant strains of S. aureus were also resistant to methicillin. It should be noted that the MRSA strains were also resistant to other multiple drugs. Annual changes of MRSA in clinical isolates have been increasing since 1981. The isolation frequencies of MRSA strains were 18.9%, 44.8% in 1981 and 1990, respectively. Among methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), however, drug resistance to other antibiotics have been decreasing year by year. Many strains among both MRSA (73%) and MSSA (86%) were sensitive to typing phages of 100 x RTD. 76% of the MRSA strains were phage typed into groups III or mixed, and 60% of the MSSA strains were typed into these two groups, also.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Double-negative (CD4- CD8-) T cells from adult T-cell leukemia patients also have poor expression of the T-cell receptor alpha beta/CD3 complex.
We present four patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) derived from a novel T-cell subset (CD4-, CD8- [double-negative, DN], T-cell receptor [TCR] alpha beta+). In the ATL cells of these patients, neither gene nor surface expression of CD4 and CD8 antigens was detected. Clinical and laboratory data showed no difference between DN-ATL and CD4+ATL patients. In contrast to typical CD4+ATL cells, DN-ATL cells were shown to express the protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) for S100 beta in immunocytochemical assay and the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. The mean fluorescence intensity of the TCR/CD3 complex was extremely low in all four DN-ATL patients as well as in typical CD4+ ATL. All four patients had TCR beta and gamma chain gene rearrangements, with deletion of TCR delta chain gene and mRNA expression for TCR alpha, beta, and CD3 delta but not for TCR gamma and delta chain genes. Thus, CD4- CD8- TCR alpha beta T cells are also a target for human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type I-induced leukemogenesis. In addition, expression of the TCR alpha beta/CD3 complex on the DN-ATL cells was further diminished by the addition of anti-CD3 or anti-TCR alpha beta monoclonal antibody. These results suggest that the decreased expression of the TCR alpha beta/CD3 complex by ATL cells plays a key role in the development of ATL, irrespective of CD4 expression.
Adult↗
Triclonal gammopathy (IgA kappa, IgG kappa, and IgM kappa) in a patient with plasmacytoid lymphoma derived from a monoclonal origin.
We report the case of a 64-year-old woman with plasma cytoid lymphoma of the ileum and gastric wall. Serum protein electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis showed a triclonal IgG kappa, IgA kappa, and IgM kappa gammopathy. Biopsy of the tumor revealed three different cell types, which were stained with antibodies specific for IgG, IgA, and IgM. However, DNA analysis of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements using JH, C mu, and C kappa gene probes showed a monoclonal pattern. These results suggest that the three types of malignant cells producing different classes of immunoglobulins were derived from a single clone of B-cells that had undergone a "class switch".
Blotting, Southern↗
Cross-reactivity of IgM- and IgG-secreting B cells in autoimmune mice.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency with which in vivo-activated B cells secrete cross-reactive antibodies in lupus-prone mice. METHODS: Analysis of freshly isolated splenic lymphocytes by chamber enzyme-linked immunospot assay. RESULTS: Young New Zealand black, New Zealand black x New Zealand white, and MRL/lpr mice expressed repertoires in which 16-20% of IgM-secreting cells and 0-2% of IgG-secreting cells were cross-reactive. By comparison, 21-31% of IgM- and 4-14% of IgG-secreting cells in adult animals with active lupus were cross-reactive (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Cross-reactive B cells constitute an abnormally large proportion of the repertoire expressed in mice with active autoimmune disease.
Animals↗
Effects of beta 2-agonists on the contractility of fatigued canine diaphragm in vivo.
We examined the effects of four beta 2-agonists, clenbuterol, metaproterenol, procaterol, and albuterol, on the contractility of fatigued canine diaphragm. Diaphragmatic contractility was assessed from changes in transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) generated by supramaximal electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve. Diaphragmatic fatigue was developed by applying an inspiratory resistive load to spontaneously breathing dogs for 30-50 min. Four doses of each beta 2-agonist were intravenously administered to dogs when the decreased Pdi became stable. Clenbuterol increased Pdi at doses of 10 and 20 micrograms/kg (P < 0.05). Metaproterenol improved Pdi of the fatigued diaphragm at low stimulation frequencies in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Procaterol increased Pdi at a low dose but decreased Pdi at higher doses, possibly due to a marked decrease in systemic blood pressure. Albuterol did not change Pdi at any dose. These results suggest that both clenbuterol and metaproterenol have a positive inotropic effect on fatigued canine diaphragm, while procaterol has a negative effect at high doses. Albuterol showed no inotropic effect.
Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗