Biomedical subjects

T Okano

Publications and source records attributed to T Okano.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

Orthotopic ossification of the spinal ligaments of Zucker fatty rats: a possible animal model for ossification of the human posterior longitudinal ligament.

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament is a human genetic disease in which pathological ectopic ossification of the spinal ligaments develops. This leads to myelopathy or radiculopathy due to compression of the spinal cord. In this study, we investigated the histological features of orthotopic ossification of the spinal ligaments of senile Zucker fatty rats. A remarkably high incidence of orthotopic ossification was observed mainly in the thoracic spinal ligaments as compared with controls. The histopathological findings were similar to those for ossification of the human posterior longitudinal ligament. Bone morphogenetic proteins and activins, which exert their effects by way of specific type-I and type-II serine/threonine kinase receptors, play important roles in the formation of bone and cartilage. In the spinal ligaments of Zucker fatty rats, bone morphogenetic protein receptors and activin receptors were immunohistochemically detected around the ossified foci in a manner similar to that previously shown for the ossified tissue from patients who had ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Thus, bone morphogenetic proteins and activin receptors might play important roles in orthotopic ossification of the spinal ligaments of Zucker fatty rats as well as in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of humans. In addition, bone morphogenetic protein-receptor-IA was expressed in the nonossified ligament, suggesting that the spinal ligaments, of the rats may have a predisposition to orthotopic ossification. In the controls, no expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptors or of activin receptors was observed. In conclusion, there is a great degree of similarity between orthotopic ossification of the spinal ligaments of Zucker fatty rats and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of humans. Thus, the rats provide a useful animal model for the study of ossification of the human posterior longitudinal ligament.

Activin Receptors↗

PubMed1997

Molecular cloning of heterotrimeric G-protein alpha-subunits in chicken pineal gland.

The avian pinealocytes have an intrinsic circadian clock function that controls rhythmic synthesis of melatonin, and an environmental light signal can reset the phase of the clock. In addition to the photoendocrine function, the melatonin synthesis of the pinealocytes is regulated by neural signals from sympathetic nerves. Thus the avian pinealocytes show diagnostic characters which seem to represent an evolutionary transition from photosensory cells of lower vertebrates to the neuroendocrinal cells of mammals. To understand the evolutionary background of the regulatory mechanism for the melatonin synthesis in this organ, we screened the chicken pineal cDNA library to find alpha-subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins involved in the photic and neural regulations. In addition to the transducin-like alpha-subunit (Gt alpha) supposed to mediate the photic pathway, we isolated cDNA clones encoding Gi2 alpha, Gi3 alpha, and Go1 alpha and its splicing variant Go2 alpha. The deduced amino acid sequence of each G alpha had a potential site for pertussis toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation. As it is known that adrenergic receptor-mediated inhibition of melatonin synthesis is blocked by pertussis toxin, the G-proteins identified in the present study are likely to contribute to this neuroendocrine function of the chicken pineal cells.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗

PubMed1997

Immunoelectron-microscopic investigation of the subcellular localization of pinopsin in the pineal organ of the chicken.

Pinopsin is a photoreceptive molecule cloned from the chicken pineal organ. An antibody highly specific for pinopsin was applied in light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemical studies of the pineal organ of 1 to 2-month-old chickens. Intense immunoreactivity was found in the follicular lumen at the light-microscopic level. In addition, small immunoreactive spherical or fibrous structures were diffusely distributed at the parafollicular aspect of the pineal organ. To identify immunoreactive elements precisely, we used pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy. These studies revealed immunoreactive outer segments of pinealocytes arranged closely side by side in the follicular lumina. The thin initial portion of the outer segment arose from a basal body located in the inner segment. Immunoreactive pear-shaped outer segments occupied small lumina. Follicular lumina displayed immunonegative arrays of whorl-like lamellar membranes. Occasionally, these immunonegative structures were surrounded by immunoreactive concentric lamellar complexes. In the parafollicular pineal parenchyma, long slender cilium-like structures or enlarged cilia and concentric lamellar arrays showed intense immunoreactivity. All immunoreactive structures observed in this study were considered to represent outer segments of pinealocytes of the chicken pineal organ.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Analysis of peptides and proteins by temperature-responsive chromatographic system using N-isopropylacrylamide polymer-modified columns.

A new method of HPLC using packing materials modified with a temperature responsive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm), was developed. Homogeneous PIPAAm polymer and its copolymer with butyl methacrylate (BMA) were synthesized and grafted to aminopropyl silica by activated ester-amine coupling and they were used as packing materials. The surface properties and functions of the stationary phases are controlled by external temperature. Isocratic elution by aqueous mobile phase alone is the basis for separation of peptides and protein. The separation of the mixture of three peptides, insulin chain A and B and beta-endorphin fragment 1-27 was achieved by changing the column temperature with 0.9% NaCl aqueous solution as the sole eluent. Retention of peptides and proteins was controlled both by column temperature and by NaCl concentration in the aqueous mobile phases in this chromatographic system.

Acrylamides↗

PubMed1997

A novel high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for vitamin D metabolites using a coulometric electrochemical detector.

A new, highly sensitive HPLC assay method using an electrochemical detector (ECD) for multiple assay of vitamin D metabolites is reported. The assay involves extracting lipids from plasma with methylene chloride and methanol, purification on Zorbax SIL column with 5.5% (v/v) iso-propanol in hexane and quantification by HPLC-ECD. A coulometric system, composed of the dual electrode analytical cell and a guard cell, was used for ECD of the eluting compounds. The potentials applied to detectors 1 and 2 in a dual electrode analytical cell were adjusted to +0.20 V and +0.60 V, respectively. This method is sensitive to 20 pg of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] and of 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3]. Calibration curves gave linearity from 20-1000 pg for 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3. The detection limit was approximately 50 pg ml-1 for 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 in plasma. This sensitivity combined with an overall recovery of 25(OH)D3 (81.5 +/- 2.6%, mean +/- S.E.) allows the measurement of trace amount of 25(OH)D3 with only 20 microliters of plasma. Intra- and interassay RSD values were 5.3 and 9.7% for 25(OH)D3 and 6.3 and 9.7% for 24,25(OH)2D3, respectively. Plasma levels of 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 in normal adults were 15.9 +/- 2.8 ng ml-1 (n = 10) and 1.4 +/- 0.5 ng ml-1 (n = 10), respectively. This method allows the determination of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 for evaluating their nutritional and clinical status. From these results, it is concluded that the proposed HPLC-ECD assay system is useful for the determination of vitamin D metabolites in biological fluids as a highly sensitive physicochemical method.

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗

PubMed1997

Glucose-responsive gel from phenylborate polymer and poly(vinyl alcohol): prompt response at physiological pH through the interaction of borate with amino group in the gel.

PURPOSE: To design glucose-responsive gels based on the complexation between polymers having phenylboronic acid groups and poly (vinyl alcohol). Specifically, high-glucose sensitivity at physiological pH was achieved through the interaction of phenylborate with amino groups. METHOD: Terpolymers of m-acrylamidophenylboronic acid, N,N-dimethylaminopropylacrylamide (DMAPAA), and N,N-dimethylacrylamide were prepared. DMAPAA was introduced in the terpolymer to stabilize phenylborate-polyol complex at physiological pH. The effect of amino groups on complex stabilization was estimated from viscosity as well as UV spectrum measurements. RESULTS: A good correlation was observed between complexation rate and fraction of phenylborate as well as DMAPAA in the terpolymers. In line with this increased complexation rate, UV difference spectra measurement revealed that ionization of phenylboronic acid was facilitated in the terpolymer due to the interaction with DMAPAA. Further, sensitive change in the complexation rate was demonstrated with a variation in glucose concentration, which is in sharp contrast with the poor glucose-sensitivity of the polymer without DMAPAA. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of an amino group into phenylborate polymers was quite effective for increasing the complexation ability and the glucose responsivity at physiological pH. These results suggest the feasibility of this complex-gel system in designing a self-regulated insulin-releasing device.

Amines↗

PubMed1997

The application of three-dimensional quantitative computed tomography to the maxillofacial skeleton.

OBJECTIVES: To develop a method for three-dimensional quantitative computed tomography (QCT) of the maxillofacial skeleton. METHODS: The linearity of reference phantom consisting of five hydroxyapatite (HA) rods was tested under various conditions, including the size of field of view, the position of object, and reconstruction algorithm, on three different scanners. The calibrated HA concentration value and the absolute Ca content of the mandible removed from fresh cadaver was compared in order to evaluate the calibration error. RESULTS: There was a high correlation between average CT number and HA concentration in the phantom rods. There was a 4-5% difference in results from the three scanners. High density areas, corresponding to more than 75% HA, were extracted from the original image. Data were reconstructed three-dimensionally and combined using a 32-bit computer system. A three-dimensional distribution of bone density superimposed on the maxillofacial skeleton was produced. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional QCT of the maxillofacial skeleton has potential as a means of analysing bone density. Difference in performance of different CT scanners should be considered when comparing results.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Anti-thrombogenic effects of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-styrene block copolymer and argatroban in synthetic small-caliber vascular grafts in a rabbit inferior vena cava model.

The high anti-thrombogenicity of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA)-styrene block copolymer (HS) and argatroban-coated polyurethane tubes in a rabbit inferior vena cava model is reported. Polyurethane tubes (i.d. 3.0 mm, o.d. 4.0 mm, 12.5 cm) were implanted into the inferior vena cavas of 36 rabbits, weighing 2.5 to 3.5 kg, using the sleeve anastomotic technique. The animals were divided into four groups according to the type of prosthesis: uncoated tubes (Group 1, n = 9); HS-coated tubes (Group 2, n = 9); heparin-coated tubes (Group 3, n = 9); and HS/argatroban-coated tubes (Group 4, n = 9). Patency was evaluated at 1 week by ultrasonic flowmetry and microscopic examination of the grafts. Patency rates were 0 percent (0/9) in Group 1; 56 percent (5/9) in Group 2; 67 percent (6/9) in Group 3; and 100 percent (9/9) in Group 4 Groups 2 and 3 animals demonstrated statistically significantly superior patency compared to those of Group 1. Group 4 animals exhibited significantly superior anti-thrombogenicity compared to those of both Groups 1 and 2. Although Group 3 animals had an excellent patency rate, transmission and scanning electron microscopic views showed a thick protein layer and activated platelets adhering to the surface of Group 3 vessels. On the contrary, only a thin protein layer was noted in Group 4 animals. The HS-treated surface combined with the argatroban slow-release system exhibited excellent anti-thrombogenicity under venous-flow conditions.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMed1997

The effect of epidural saline injection on analgesic level during combined spinal and epidural anesthesia assessed clinically and myelographically.

UNLABELLED: An epidural injection of physiological saline solution after spinal anesthesia may produce a higher level of analgesia than spinal anesthesia alone because of a volume effect. The purpose of this study was to clarify the volume effect caused by epidural injection of saline after spinal anesthesia. Twenty patients undergoing combined spinal and epidural anesthesia for elective surgery whose analgesic levels did not reach the surgical regions 10 min after spinal anesthesia at the L4-5 interspace were randomly assigned to two groups. The control group (n = 10) received no epidural saline injection. The saline group (n = 10) received 10 mL of saline through an epidural catheter at the L2-3 or L3-4 interspace 10 min after spinal anesthesia. In the saline group, the levels of analgesia 15 and 20 min after spinal anesthesia were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Next, we examined the volume effect of epidural injection of saline with myelography using two adult volunteers. In both volunteers, the upper level of the contrast medium, which was injected in the lumbar subarachnoid space, began to increase concurrently with lumbar epidural injection of saline, reaching from L3 to L1 and from L2 to T12. The diameter of the subarachnoid space diminished to less than 25% after injection of saline. We conclude that lumbar epidural injection of saline increases the analgesic level 10 min after spinal anesthesia, probably because of a volume effect. IMPLICATIONS: In this study, using surgical patients and volunteers, we determined that a lumbar epidural injection of physiological saline solution 10 min after spinal anesthesia produces a higher analgesic level than spinal anesthesia alone because of a volume effect.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Risk factors for postpartum depression in Japan.

We conducted a longitudinal study to identify risk factors for postpartum depression. At the late phase of pregnancy, 627 pregnant women agreed to take the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Trait (STAIT) test and to remain in the study until 4 months postpartum. At 1, 3 and 4 months postpartum, they took the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) test and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory State (STAIS) test. At 3 months postpartum, they were asked about socio-psychological and obstetric factors. High scores in the EPDS and STAIS tests were correlated with primiparity, premature delivery, difficult labor, experience of life events and worries about baby care. Furthermore, high scores in the STAIT test in late pregnancy were strongly correlated with high scores in the EPDS and STAIS tests in the postpartum period.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Surgical approach to tumor thrombus of renal cell carcinoma at the level between hepatic vein and diaphragm.

BACKGROUND: The curative resection of tumor thrombus of renal cell carcinoma often provides a good prognosis, but the best surgical method for resection at the level between hepatic vein and diaphragm is still a matter of controversy. METHODS: We performed transabdominal surgery without cardio-pulmonary bypass on 4 patients with tumor thrombus at the level between hepatic vein and diaphragm. The surgical procedures were as follows: The right lobe of the liver was separated and detached from the retroperitoneum, and then the vena cava was clamped just below the diaphragm simultaneous with clamping the porta hepatis. After complete circulatory isolation of the vena cava, the tumor thrombus was resected. RESULTS: There were no severe complications postoperatively. Two patients died of cancer 18 and 38 months after surgery, and the other 2 are alive without evidence of disease after 62 and 66 months. CONCLUSION: This anatomically rational approach is thought to be a good alternative to the pull-through method or cardio-pulmonary bypass for removing a tumor thrombus at this level.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗

PubMed1997

Phototransduction cascade and circadian oscillator in chicken pineal gland.

The chicken pineal gland has an endogenous circadian oscillator that controls the diurnal oscillation of N-acetyltransferase activity responsible for melatonin rhythm. It has been speculated that the chicken pineal cell contains a photoreceptive molecule that receives the environmental light signal and transmits the signal to the oscillator for resetting the phase. In spite of several lines of evidence suggesting the similarity between retinal and pineal photon-signal transducing proteins, the identity of the photoreceptive molecule had been an open question. In 1994, we isolated a pineal cDNA encoding a novel photoreceptive molecule and named it "pinopsin." The protein expressed in 293EBNA cells bound 11-cis-retinal to form a blue-sensitive pigment with an absorption maximum at about 470 nm. A putative G-protein interaction site of pinopsin shared a relatively high similarity in amino acid sequence to that of rhodopsin, implying that pinopsin functionally couples with transducin or transducin-like G-protein(s) in the pineal cells. We have cloned a cDNA for chicken pineal transducin alpha-subunit, and the deduced amino acid sequence contained a potential site to be ADP-ribosylated by pertussis toxin (PTX). Therefore, the transducin-mediated pathway could be blocked by PTX, though previous studies showed that treatment of the cultured chicken pineal cells with PTX had no effect on the light-induced phase-shift of the oscillator. Accordingly, it is unlikely that transducin mediates the light-input pathway to the oscillator, which may involve PTX-insensitive G-protein(s) or some unidentified component(s). The G-protein coupled receptor-mediated signaling processes regulating melatonin synthesis are discussed.

Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose↗

PubMed1997

Effect of phenylboronic acid groups in copolymers on endothelial cell differentiation into capillary structures.

Copolymers (IABb) composed of N-isopropylacrylamide (I), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-acrylamide (A), 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid (B), and a hydrophobic comonomer, n-butyl methacrylate (b), were synthesized as cell culture substrata since we previously learned that bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) cultured on the phenylboronic acid-containing copolymer (IAB) differentiated into capillary structures after 26 days culture. The synthesized IABb copo ymers contained higher boron and amine moieties than the IAB copolymer. The results of the dynamic contact angle measurement revealed that IABb copolymer-coated surfaces showed a relatively hydrophobic nature, changing to hydrophilic in response to the aqueous environment. BAECs cultured on the copolymer substrata developed into capillary networks after 7 days. This is probably due to the enrichment of boron and amine segments in the vicinity of the hydrophilic copolymer surface, enhancing more pronounced interaction of boronates with cell membrane glycocalyx. The introduction of n-butyl methacrylate into the polymers might enhance the diffusion of the hydrophobic segments to the bulk polymers and the concentration of relatively hydrophilic segments at the outermost polymer surfaces by contact with water. A copolymer (IAP) without boronic acid groups was also prepared using N-phenylacrylamide (P) as a comonomer instead of 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid in the IAB copolymer to investigate the effect of boronic acid moieties on the capillary formation of the cultured cells. Although the endothelial cells seeded on the copolymer without boronic acid groups adhered during the early culture period, these cells showed neither proliferation nor differentiation and detached from the surface after 13 days. These results strongly support the opinion that the phenylboronic acid groups in the copolymers are responsible for the specific induction of tissue formation of BAECs through the interaction with glycoconjugates on the cell membranes.

Acrylamides↗

PubMed1997

Effects of ionizing radiation on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast-like cells.

Diagnostic radiation for immediate post-surgical assessment of osseointegrated dental implants has been discouraged, due to the possibility of detrimental effects of ionizing radiation on healing and remodeling of bone. To assess this possibility, we investigated the effects of ionizing radiation on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts using osteoblast-like cells isolated from the calvariae of newborn rats (ROB) and a clonal osteoblastic cell line (MC3T3-E1). The cells were exposed on day 3 to a single dose of x-rays at either 40, 100, 400, or 4000 mGy, respectively, from a linear accelerator radiotherapeutic machine (Linac) or a 40-mGy dose from a diagnostic chest x-ray machine. The effects of radiation on cell growth and alkaline-phosphatase-specific (ALP) activity were evaluated at three-day intervals after irradiation up to day 12 in ROB cells, and evaluated at day 12 in MC3T3-E1 cells. At the culture end-point, the effects on formation of bone-like nodules were also evaluated in both ROB and MC3T3-E1 cells. Exposure of 4000 mGy differentially affected the two cell types. It inhibited cell growth and alkaline phosphatase activity, and inhibited DNA content in MC3T3-E1 cells. This irradiation also strongly inhibited the formation of bone-like nodules in ROB cells. On the other hand, exposure of 40-, 100-, and 400-mGy (Linac) and 40-mGy (diagnostic quality) irradiation induced no significant changes in cell growth, alkaline phosphatase activity, and formation of bone-like nodules in ROB cells. These doses also induced no significant changes in DNA content and ALP activity in MC3T3-E1 cells. These results indicate that ionizing radiation at a single dose of up to 400 mGy induces no significant changes in cell growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like cells, at least in vitro. Higher radiation doses (4000 mGy) may exert different effects on cell proliferation and cell differentiation of osteoblasts, depending on the cell types affected. Thus, diagnostic radiation seems to have less effect on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1997

Synthetic studies of vitamin D analogs. XXIV. Synthesis of active vitamin D3 analogs substituted at the 2 beta-position and their preventive effects on bone mineral loss in ovariectomized rats.

Analogs related to 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy-2 beta-(3-hydroxypropoxy)vitamin D3 (ED-71) (4), oxa-type and carba-type analogs of vitamin D3 bearing substituents at the 2 beta-position of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1), were synthesized from the alpha-epoxides (6 and 13). Three analogs, ED-71 (4) and two carba-type analogs (16 and 26), showed potent preventive effects on bone mineral loss in pre-osteoporosis model rats. ED-71 (4) was concluded to be an optimized analog and a promising candidate for the treatment of osteoporosis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1997

[The relationship between statokinetic dissociation (SKD) and spatial summation--physiologic SKD in normal persons].

We investigated the relationship between physiologic statokinetic dissociation (SKD) and spatial summation in normal persons. The subjects were 13 eyes of 13 normal persons (average age : 41.9 years) with no past history of ocular disease. The kinetic program and custom program of the Humphrey Field Analyzer were followed for each subject using the targets of III 1b and III 4c to measure SKD. Spatial summation was calculated from the results of the 24 -2 program using size I, III, and V. The SKD of all normal persons for III 1b and III 4c was 18.8 +/- 3.4 and 20.1 +/- 5.4 degrees, respectively. The spatial summation for SS (III-I) and SS (V-III) was 9.8 +/- 0.7 and 4.7 +/- 0.9 (dB), respectively. Although the SKD on lower temporal meridian using the III 4c target was larger than that of the other meridian, this relation was reversed using the III 1b target. This is because the steep slope of the retina sensitivity curve in the periphery field decreases successive lateral spatial summation. Although SKD tends to be larger with the increase in age, the relationship between SKD and spatial summation was not obvious.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Bone morphogenetic protein receptors and activin receptors are highly expressed in ossified ligament tissues of patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a pathological ossification in the spinal ligament, with formation of ectopic bone mainly through endochondral ossification. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and activins are multifunctional proteins that belong to the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily and that have been implicated in the formation of new bone and cartilage. BMPs and activins signal via type I and type II receptors for BMPs (BMPRs) and activins (ActRs), respectively. OP-1/BMP-7 binds to BMPR-II and ActR-II and forms complexes with BMPR-IA and -IB and ActR-I. We studied the expression of BMPR-IA, -IB, and -II, ActR-I, ActR-II, and OP-1/BMP-7 by immunohistochemistry in ossified ligament tissues of patients with OPLL and control ligament tissues from patients with cervical disc herniation. The expression of BMPRs and ActRs was elevated in OPLL compared with controls. Expressions of BMPR-IA, -IB, and -II were observed not only in chondrocytes at the fibrocartilage tissue around the calcified zone but also in fibroblast-like spindle cells at the nonossified ligament. ActR-I and -II were found co-localized in the hypertrophic chondrocytes near the calcified zone and in the ossified tissue. OP-1/BMP-7 was expressed in chondrocytes near the calcified zone. In the control cases, the BMPRs and ActRs were only weakly expressed in the fibrocartilage tissue at the site of ligament attachments to bone and OP-1/BMP-7 was not detected. Enhanced expression of BMPRs at the nonossified ligament in OPLL patients suggests that these cells have a greater potential to differentiate into osteogenic cells than ligament cells from non-OPLL patients. The high expression of BMPRs and ActRs in the ectopic ossified ligament suggests that BMPs and activin may be tightly involved in the pathological ossification process of OPLL.

Activin Receptors↗

PubMed1997

Experimental study of laparoscopic gastrectomy: intracorporeal Billroth I gastroduodenostomy.

Laparoscopic gastrectomy is now performed only for a partial resection that does not require anastomosis. We have been studying laparoscopic gastrectomy using the Billroth I method in animal models, and here we describe the surgical procedure. The gastrocolic ligament is divided along with the greater curvature, and the right gastroepiploic vessels are divided at their point of origin. The lesser omentum is dissected and the gastric antrum is divided using an endoscopic linear cutter. The anvil of a circular stapler is inserted into the duodenal bulb through the pyloric ring and ligated. An instrument for creating a pursestring suture is applied to the anterior wall of the stomach, and the circular stapler is inserted into the gastric lumen. Then Billroth I gastroduodenal anastomosis is performed with the stapler. After this anastomosis, four endoscopic linear cutters are applied to divide the gastric body, and the partial gastrectomy is completed. This animal experimental study has revealed that the Billroth I gastrectomy is easy to perform using a circular stapler and several linear cutters under laparoscopic guidance.

Animals↗