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Biomedical subjects

T Okamura

Publications and source records attributed to T Okamura.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Changes in urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline and plasma cortisol concentrations during labor and delivery].

Urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations were determined at 38-41 wks of gestation, admission for the onset of labor, 4 hrs after admission and at the cervical dilatation of 8-10 cm, immediately after delivery and on the next morning. Both catecholamine concentrations rose remarkably at the dilatation of 8-10 cm and were found to be still high immediately after delivery. The rise in adrenaline concentrations was much greater than noradrenaline. On the morning after delivery, the adrenaline concentrations fell significantly but noradrenaline remained high. The time-course of urinary catecholamines was similar to that of plasma reported by others. Serum cortisol concentrations rose significantly during labor and delivery but returned to the concentrations of 38-41 wks of gestation by the next morning. The present time course of adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol levels in urine or serum during labor, delivery and puerperium suggests that these hypersecretion may be due to emotional, physical and painful stress, respectively, considering literatures.

Epinephrine↗
PubMed1983

Ureterostomy in situ for ureteral splinting and temporary urine drainage.

Ureterostomy in situ is a simple technique for supravesical urinary diversion. Although it was described about 30 years ago, the method has yet to become popular. We employed mainly this method as ureteral splinting and as temporary urine drainage in 24 patients with ureteropelvic operation, and recommend it as a useful method for technical simplicity and other merits.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Measurement of receptor-independent metabolism of low-density lipoprotein. An application of glycosylated low-density lipoprotein.

Incubation of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with glucose results in a nonenzymatic formation of a Schiff base between the monosaccharide and lysyl residues of apolipoprotein B. Increasing the percentage of lysyl residues of apolipoprotein B modified by glycosylation decreases the fractional catabolic rate of the glycosylated LDL, and decreases the metabolism of the glycosylated LDL by human skin fibroblasts. The glycosylated LDL, containing 20-40% of total lysyl residues of apoprotein B modified, was metabolized at a slow rate by both human skin fibroblasts and mouse peritoneal macrophages. These results led to the suggestion that glycosylated LDL is primarily catabolized via a receptor-independent process. Assuming LDL catabolism occurs via receptor-dependent and receptor-independent processes, the ratio of (fractional catabolic rate of glycosylated LDL)/(fractional catabolic rate of native LDL) should be an estimate of the percentage of LDL catabolism via the receptor-independent process. From the fractional catabolic rates of glucose-LDL (20-40% of lysyl residues modified) and galactose-LDL (30-60% of lysyl residues modified) 41% and 30% respectively, of LDL catabolism occurred by a receptor-independent process.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Differentiation of growth patterns of early gastric carcinoma determined by cytophotometric DNA analysis.

Cell nuclear DNA content was microspectrophotometrically measured in 60 cases of early and six of advanced gastric carcinoma. DNA distribution pattern was classified into Types I, II and III, according to the degree of dispersion on the DNA histogram. Five of 6 cases of the advanced carcinomas were Type III. In early carcinoma, the majority of Super (superficially spreading) type were Type II, while all of Pen A (expansively penetrating growth) type were Type III. In Pen B (infiltratively penetrating growth) type, six of ten cases were Type II and the other four were Type III. Thus, there was a distinct difference in the DNA pattern between Super and Pen Types, i.e., the DNA analysis reflected these growth types. Since about 20% of those with small mucosal carcinomas, not classifiable into the Super or the Pen types presented Type III, the cytophotometric DNA analysis should be useful in the detection of Pen A like carcinoma, in its early stage. The development from early to advanced carcinoma was discussed in terms of the similarity of the DNA histogram patterns.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Growth patterns and prognosis in early gastric carcinoma. Superficially spreading and penetrating growth types.

One hundred and sixty-seven cases of early gastric cancer were analyzed in terms of growth patterns and were then classified into the Small mucosal type, the superficially spreading (Super) type and the penetrating growth (Pen) type, the latter further subdivided into the Pen A type growing expansively and the Pen B type deepening infiltratively. The Small mucosal, Super, and Pen B types are characterized by a tendency toward dominant depressed lesions, a low incidence of vessel invasion and lymph node metastasis, and a good prognosis after surgery (about 90% of the patients survived for ten years). In contrast, the Pen A type is characterized by dominant elevated lesions usually comprised of well differentiated carcinoma, a relatively high incidence of vessel invasion and lymph node metastasis and a poor prognosis after surgery (64.8% five-year survival), due to early recurrence in the form of liver metastasis. Some attention is given to the related surgical approaches.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Correlation among water content, left ventricular function, coronary blood flow, and myocardial metabolism after hypothermic ischemic cardiac arrest.

Subendocardial ischemia is a common cause of death following ischemic cardiac arrest. We studied relationships among myocardial water content (WC), left ventricular function, coronary blood flow, and myocardial metabolism following ischemic cardiac arrest. Under cardiopulmonary bypass with hypothermia, 120 min of aortic occlusion was employed, and myocardial temperature was kept around 20 degrees C in 10 mongrel dogs. Left ventricular function (peak LVP, max dp/dt, LVEDP, LVSWI), coronary blood flow, myocardial enzymes (m-GOT, total CPK, MB-CPK), myocardial ATP and creatine phosphate (CP), and WC of the subendocardium of the left ventricle were measured. Data were obtained in the control state and immediately and 30 and 60 min after aortic unclamping. Significant negative correlations were obtained between WC and max dp/dt (r = -0.8384), coronary blood flow (r = -0.9928), ATP (r = -0.7038), and CP (r = -0.7835). Significant positive correlations were obtained between WC and LVEDP (r = 0.7525), m-GOT (r = 0.7638), and total CPK (r = 0.7079). These data suggest that myocardial edema results in depression of left ventricular function and metabolism.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1983

Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma: correlation to reactive hyperplasia in regional lymph nodes and prognosis.

The pathological changes of regional lymph nodes in cases of gastric carcinomas with lymphoid stroma (LS group) and the prognostic significance of the findings were studied in comparison with those in cases of ordinary stroma (OS group). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the immune responses of regional lymph nodes, histologically, in patients with gastric carcinoma and lymphoid stroma. In the LS group, the incidence of paracortical hyperplasia (PH) was high, irrespective of lymph node metastasis, while that of germinal center hyperplasia (GH) was high in the absence of lymph node metastasis but tended to be low in the presence of metastasis. In the OS group, the incidences of PH and GH were low, particularly in the presence of lymph node metastasis. The five year survival rate in those with no lymph node metastasis was as favorable as that of patients with lymph node metastasis in the LS group, the latter being significantly higher than the rate in the OS group. These results indicate that gastric carcinomas with lymphoid stroma are closely related to reactive hyperplasias of the regional lymph nodes, particularly paracortical hyperplasia, and in such cases, there is a favorable prognosis, regardless of the lymph node metastasis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Metabolic effect of glucose, insulin and potassium cardioplegia.

Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) solution is widely used as a cardioplegic infusate for myocardial protection during aortic cross-clamping, to obtain rapid diastolic arrest and preservation of energy stores. Nine male patients with aorto-coronary bypass grafting procedure were studied with regard to the metabolic influence of GIK cardioplegia. Hyperglycemia was induced by the infusion of GIK solution for one week after surgery. The serum level of non-esterified fatty acid was high for one week while the triglyceride level was maintained at a high level only in the early post-operative period. Insulin, glucagon and growth hormone which influence carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were also elevated for one week after infusion of GIK solution. We conclude that the derangement of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism which is provoked by the use of GIK cardioplegia normalizes within two weeks after operation.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1983

Recurrent gastric carcinoma--analysis of 100 in-patients--.

Between 1964 and 1981, 100 in-patients with recurrent gastric carcinoma following curative resection were investigated in the Second Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Hospital. The disease-free interval after initial operation and the advancement of the carcinoma correlated. The mean disease free interval of cases with local recurrence was 4 years and 1 month, that is 2 years longer than in cases of peritoneal dissemination or hematogenous metastasis. The disease free interval and the survival time after recurrence also correlated. Patients with a relapse more than 2 years after initial operation survived statistically longer than did those with a relapse in less than 2 years (p less than 0.01). One and 2 year survival rates after recurrence in the second resection group was 41.4 per cent and 17.2 per cent, respectively. Almost all patients in the other group died within one year after recurrence. The average survival in patients on a combination of chemotherapy and resection of the recurrent tumor was about 2 years and longer than in cases of resection but without chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cytophotometric DNA analysis of early esophageal carcinoma.

In four patients with early esophageal carcinoma who underwent radical surgery, one died of cancer recurrence 13 months after surgery, two had an uneventful postoperative course after over five years and one succumbed to an incidental pneumonia 18 months postoperatively. Cytophotometric DNA analysis of the cancer cells reflected well the outcome of these patients. One recurrent patient had malignant pattern similar to that seen in usual advanced carcinoma of the esophagus, whereas the remaining three patient without recurrence throughout the postoperative course showed less malignant patterns. These result suggested the potential usefulness of cytophotometric DNA analysis in assessing the prognosis of early esophageal carcinoma.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Tissue concentrations and proliferative effects of massive doses of ascorbic acid in the mouse.

The effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on CF1 mice fed ascorbic acid for approximately six months at dose levels of 1%, 5%, and 10% of diet was investigated by analysis of tissue ascorbic acid concentration in the liver, kidney, stomach, small intestine, and large bowel. The effect on epithelial cell proliferation was also examined in the small and large bowel but only at the 5% level. In the control animals, ascorbic acid concentration was lowest in the liver (0.406 +/- 0.07 mg/g) and highest in the small bowel (0.754 +/- 0.16 mg/g). Dietary intake of 5% and 10% ascorbic acid significantly elevated levels in the liver (0.741 +/- 0.13; p less than 0.05), and all doses of ascorbic acid significantly raised tissue concentrations in the kidney and colon. No difference was observed in the percentage of DNA-synthesizing cells in the jejunum of controls or animals fed 5% ascorbic acid at 1 or 24 hours after 3HTdR injection. However, at 1 hour a significantly decreased level of proliferation was observed in the distal colon of ascorbic-acid-treated mice compared with controls (labeling index [L.I.] = 7.3 +/- 0.28 vs. 10.1 +/- 1.15; p less than 0.05), and an even greater suppression of DNA synthesis was achieved by 24 hours (L.I. = 11.4 +/- 1.06 vs. 18.6 +/- 1.61; p less than 0.01). None of the doses of ascorbic acid employed was toxic to the experimental mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Local generation of angiotensin in the kidney and in tissue culture.

The renin-angiotensin system is an exception among the various peptide hormone producing mechanisms in that it is an extracellular system. It was not clear whether renin in tissues other than kidney participates in the extracellular system or an intracellular mechanism. We examined the possibility of intracellular formation of angiotensin II in these tissues by using cloned, renin containing cells in culture as models. Neuroblastoma cells, pheochromocytoma cells, adrenal cortical cells and juxtaglomerular cells were shown to contain renin, angiotensin I and angiotensin II. Presence of angiotensin I converting enzyme was also demonstrated in some cell lines examined. Even juxtaglomerular cells in the intact kidney were shown to contain angiotensin I and angiotensin II by immunohistochemical technique. These findings indicate an intracellular mechanism of angiotensin II formation in various tissues and suggest that angiotensin II may have local paracrine functions.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1983

[A case of carcinoma of the bladder diverticulum].

Carcinoma of the bladder diverticulum is a relatively rare disease. However, its preoperative diagnosis is often difficult. Also, infiltration occurs easily because the diverticulum wall is thin, and prognosis is said to be relatively poor. Histologically, the occurrence rate of squamous cell carcinoma is markedly high. We have experienced a case of squamous cell carcinoma in the bladder diverticulum occurring simultaneously with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder; and, report this case along with a review of the literature. The patient, a 79-year-old male, had sudden macroscopic hematuria on December 15, 1980, and went to the urology department of a separate hospital. IVU showed distortion of the right ureter, and the patient was referred to our hospital. Cystoscopy revealed a diverticulum in the right wall of the bladder. In the posterior wall of the bladder 2 papillary sessile tumors were also detected. Pathological diagnosis by cold punch biopsy done after the patient was admitted to hospital revealed a grade III transitional cell carcinoma. Total cystectomy + bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy was performed. The diverticulum was in the right wall of the bladder and a papillary sessile tumor with a diameter of 4 cm was found in the diverticulum. A papillary sessile tumor 2 cm in diameter was found in the left bladder wall. Histopathological diagnosis of the tumor in the diverticulum was squamous cell carcinoma ( pG2 , pT3b , ly1, v(-) INF beta) and that of the tumor in the bladder was transitional cell carcinoma ( ( pG3 , pT2 , ly1, v(-), INF gamma).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Patterns of recurrence after curative resection for carcinoma of the thoracic part of the esophagus.

Two hundred patients with a previously untreated carcinoma of the thoracic portion of the esophagus and who underwent curative or noncurative resection were retrospectively evaluated. The patterns of recurrence were compared with the pathologic findings at operation. In 30 of 90 (33.3 per cent) patients in the curative resection group and 68 of 110 (61.8 per cent) of those in the noncurative resection group, there was a recurrence. Hematogenic recurrence was most frequent in instances of blood vessel invasion of the carcinoma detected at the time of the operation, and death occurred during the early postoperative period. Lymph node recurrence was most frequent in instances of lymphatic invasion or blood vessel invasion, or both, and the postoperative survival time in such patients was double that seen in those with a hematogenic-related recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effects of buflomedil on isolated dog arteries.

Buflomedil (10(-6) to 10(-4) M) relaxed, in a concentration-dependent manner, helical strips of dog mesenteric, renal and femoral arteries, partially contracted due to previous exposure to noradrenaline. When partial contraction was caused by prostaglandin F2 alpha, Buflomedil produced a slight relaxation of the mesenteric and coronary arterial strips, had no effect in cerebral and femoral arteries and caused a small contraction of renal arterial strips. Buflomedil did not reduce contractions induced by submaximal concentrations of K+ in normal media and those induced by Ca++ in mesenteric arteries exposed to Ca++-free media and depolarized by excess K+. Contractile responses to transmural electrical stimulation and exogenous noradrenaline were attenuated by buflomedil; the attenuations in femoral and mesenteric arteries did not differ. Protection against persistent blockade of alpha-adrenoceptors by phenoxybenzamine was obtained by pretreatment of mesenteric arteries with buflomedil. Relaxant responses of cerebral and coronary arteries to nicotine were suppressed or abolished by buflomedil, whereas the relaxation of coronary arteries induced by tyramine was unaffected or reduced only slightly. It is concluded that buflomedil reversibly blocks alpha-adrenoceptors in arterial smooth muscle and possesses an anti-nicotinic action. As far as the concentrations used in the present study are concerned, buflomedil does not appear to interfere with the transmembrane influx of Ca++.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Septic complications after total colectomy, excision of the rectal mucosa ileoanastomy and its prevention--with special reference to pelvic sepsis].

Forty-two patients had total colectomy, excision of th rectal mucosa and ileoanastomy for adenomatosis coli or ulcerative colitis. The essential operative management for prevention of pelvic sepsis are 1) intraoperative bowel irrigation with antimicrobes, 2) creation of temporary defunctioning ileostomy, 3) effective drainage of the rectal cuff. With these methods pelvic sepsis developed in ten out of forty contaminated case. Whereas in one contaminated case both pelvic sepsis and wound infection developed. Age of the patients, the presence of underlying diseases, type of reservoir and surgeon's experience had no correlation with the incidence of pelvic sepsis, however the short rectal cuff seemed significant for its prevention. The stenosis of the transposed ileum had developed in two cases, one of which case had recurrence of pelvic sepsis after closure of ileostomy. One patient had chronic fistula between transposed ileum and perineum after removal of the transperineal drainage. These complications are very difficult to manage. Three patients had closure of ileostomy with satisfactory result. Proctoscopic examination were essential to identify with anastomotic break down and pus discharge. Irrigation of the transposed ileum with antimicrobes for aerobes and anaerobes should be started after diagnosis. Incision and drainage were necessary when irrigation failed to heal cuff abscess.

Adenoma↗