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Biomedical subjects

T Okada

Publications and source records attributed to T Okada.

At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Juvenile polyposis coli. A case report.

We report a case of juvenile polyposis coli in a 13 year old girl who initially complained of rectal bleeding and prolapse of polyps. Tube feeding with an elemental or a low residue diet and total parenteral nutrition were prescribed to treat the hypoproteinemia and anemia. A modified Soave's operation was successfully performed. The polyps appeared in several different stages of development. A single dilated gland of the colonic mucosa, which was not grossly visible, was presumed to be the site of the initial lesion which developed into a typical juvenile polyp. Adenomatous tubules were found in some juvenile polyps. In this case of immunologic deficiency, it is not clear whether such was a primary or secondary phenomenon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Sex differences in aortic cholesterol esterase activity in rats, and changes of the activity following castration and gonadal hormone treatment.

Sex differences in aortic cholesterol esterase activity and changes in the activity following castration and gonadal hormone treatment were investigated in rats. Differences in the enzyme activity were apparent after 2.5 months and became most significant after 6 months. The activity in the aorta and the liver was significantly higher in female rats. Prepubertal orchiectomy increased the aortic activity, feminizing the type of metabolism, whereas postpubertal orchiectomy, and both pre- and postpubertal ovariectomy induced no change in the activity. The administration of testosterone to female rats significantly decreased the aortic activity, masculinizing the type of metabolism. However, the administration of testosterone or of 17 beta-estradiol to male rats had no effect. These results suggest (1) that there are clear sex differences in aortic cholesterol esterase activity, (2) that prepubertal exposure to androgens plays a critical role in the sexual differentiation in aortic and hepatic cholesterol ester metabolism, and (3) that the administration of testosterone can temporarily masculinize the type of metabolism. These results partly explain the sexual differences in susceptibility to atherosclerosis.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Serum HDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein fraction in Kawasaki disease (acute mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome).

Serum HDL-cholesterol level and lipoprotein fraction were studied in 50 patients with Kawasaki disease (acute mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome), ranging in age from 4 months to 7 years, with an average of 2 years and 6 months. There were 31 males and 19 females. In 7 of these patients coronary arterial aneurysms were revealed by aortogram. In all 50 patients analysis were carried out periodically from the onset of the disease to the convalescent stage, and the following results were obtained: 1) Serum total cholesterol level showed mild change throughout the course of the disease. 2) Average HDL-cholesterol level was 29.6 +/- 11.0 mg/dl in the first week of the disease, 26.8 +/- 8.9 from 1 to 2 weeks and 47.9 +/- 12.6 after 6 weeks. There was significant difference between the HDL-cholesterol levels of first 2 weeks and after 4 weeks (p less than 0.01). 3) The recovery of HDL-cholesterol level was slow in both clinically severe patients and the patients with coronary aneurysms as compared with that in clinically mild patients (p less than 0.05). These findings suggest that there may be some relationships between the alteration of serum lipoprotein and the severity of systemic vasculitis in Kawasaki disease, especially which may play some role in clinical severity and the occurrence of coronary arterial lesions. However, further study is needed to clarify the cause of changes in serum HDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein.

Child↗
PubMed1982

The significance of stenotic lesion in an unoccluded coronary artery. A manifestation of myocardial "ischemia at a distance" during acute coronary occlusion.

This study was undertaken to investigate the significance of stenotic lesion of an unoccluded vessel in a manifestation of myocardial "ischemia at a distance" during acute coronary occlusion. The left anterior descending artery (LAD) was ligated in dogs in which constriction of the circumflex artery (LCx) of different degrees was carried out beforehand. Ischemic changes were detected by epicardial and intramyocardial electrocardiograms. Systemic and coronary hemodynamics were monitored. In dogs without LCx constriction (Group-I) and those with LCx constriction of such a degree as to reduce the percent repayment of the blood flow debt to 150% (Group-II), the LAD-ligation produced no ischemic changes in the LCx area. In dogs with severe constriction of LCx such as eliminating reactive hyperemia (Group-III), an expansion of ischemic damage to the LCx area was observed. Ventricular fibrillation was observed more frequently in Group-III as compared to Group-I and Group-II. After LAD-ligation LCx blood flow was increased in Group-I and Group-II, but remained unchanged in Group-III. After LAD ligation, distal coronary perfusion pressure (DCPP) of LCx remained unchanged in Group-I, while further decrease of DCPP was observed in both Group-II and Group-III. Some dogs in Group-III showed a sudden reduction of the flow associated with a decrease of DCPP after the ligation. These results show that hemodynamic changes, especially a sudden decrease in coronary perfusion pressure after LAD-ligation, play a significant role in inducing ischemic changes in the area perfused by the unoccluded coronary artery with severe stenosis (LCx).

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Primary chylopericardium recovered without surgical treatment.--Report of a case and review of the literature.

A case of 7-year-old girl who had recurrent chylopericardium is presented. She was asymptomatic and physical examination disclosed only enlarged cardiac dullness on percussion and distant cardiac sound on auscultation. In despite of numerous pericardiocentesis, institution of medium-chain triglyceride diet and corticosteroid therapy, chylous pericardial effusion persisted. Four years later the amount of pericardial effusion began to decrease and 5 years later it disappeared completely. Her cardiac size became normal on the chest X-ray. She remained totally asymptomatic throughout the course of this disease. If the patient is asymptomatic and can well tolerate daily life, surgery is not necessarily indicated, and the patients should be treated medically as long as possible. A review of previously reported cases are given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Deleterious effects of vasodilating agents. Induction of subendocardial ischemia in dogs with proximal stenosis of coronary artery.

This study was designed to determine how distal vasodilatory stimuli can alter coronary hemodynamics and the appearance of myocardial ischemia in the presence of severe coronary stenosis. In anesthetized open chest dogs, left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) flow, distal LCx perfusion pressure (DCPP), heart rate, and aortic pressure were monitored and regional myocardial ischemia was estimated from ST segment deviation in the epicardial and intramyocardial electrograms obtained from the electrodes located in the area supplied by LCx. In the presence of severe LCx constriction, intracoronary administration of adenosine (0.01 mg/Kg/min) and dipyridamole (0.05 mg/Kg) failed to augment LCx flow and induced further reduction in DCPP without changing systemic hemodynamics. In parallel with these hemodynamic changes, significant ST elevation was observed in the inner layer of the area supplied by the LCx. These results show that subepicardial vasodilation following vasodilatory stimuli can induce transmural flow redistribution and lead to subendocardial ischemia in the presence of severe coronary stenosis.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1982

Metabolic effects of dietary purine in rats.

The effect of different dietary purines on the metabolism of serum and urinary uric acid, allantoin, creatinine, urea nitrogen and urea was examined in the rat. Experimental diets were synthetic and they were given ad libitum during a 6-day experimental period. The results were compared with the renal morphological changes. The results obtained were as follows: Hypoxanthine, inosine, guanosine and guanine were readily converted to uric acid and allantoin, whereas adenine was metabolized quite differently from other purines. In particular, the intake of adenine exhibited a decrease of the uric acid excreted in the urine. Furthermore, an increase of creatinine, urea nitrogen and urea in the serum as well as a reduction in their urine excretion were observed in rats fed on the adenine diet. Adenine produced a nephrotoxic condition as reflected in the histological changes. From these observations, it is concluded that although the administered purines are closely related structurally, they are metabolized in so many different ways that some of the metabolites, particularly of adenine, may cause a potential nephrotoxicity.

Adenine↗
PubMed1982

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 1-oxacephem derivatives.

A number of new optically active 1-oxacephem compounds were synthesized and tested for antibacterial activity. Various 7 alpha-unsubstituted 1-oxacephem nuclei 2a approximately 3 and a 7 alpha-methoxy-1-oxacephem nucleus 3, reported previously, were converted into the corresponding phenylacetylamino-, 2-thienylacetylamino-, D-mandelylamino-, D-phenylglycylamino-, and arylmalonylamino-1-oxacephem carboxylic acids. All the compounds except for the phenylglycylamine derivatives exhibited four-to sixteen-fold enhanced antibacterial activity compared with that of the corresponding cephalosporins. A combination of the 7 alpha-methoxy-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thiomethyl-1-oxacephem nucleus and a 7 beta-arylmalonylamino side chain, as represented by compound 1 (disodium salt of 33), produced the highest efficacy among them: high antibacterial activity with a widely expanded spectrum against Gram-negative bacteria including resistant strains and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Clinical significance of blood biochemical liver function tests in asymptomatic chronic HBs Ag carriers.

To date we have had 31 asymptomatic chronic HBs Ag carriers in whom the time of HBV infection can be assumed, HBs Ag in sera persisted for at least 6 months, laparoscopy with liver biopsy was performed within 6 to 21 months after the assumed HBV infection, and the clinical course after performance of laparoscopy with liver biopsy ranged from 6 months to 5 years has been observed, while with the lapse of time, blood biochemical liver function tests were examined once every 4 weeks. In 16 out of 31 cases, the results of blood biochemical liver function tests remained always in the normal range and in the remaining 15 cases, blood biochemistries fluctuated sometimes pathologically, but transiently. In the former group, the results of blood biochemical liver function tests showed no pathologic findings, although the histologic inflammatory processes were outstanding in cases of chronic aggressive hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. In the remaining 15 cases, blood biochemistries fluctuated transiently and slightly, although morphological findings corresponded to chronic aggressive hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. The dissociation between blood biochemistries and morphologic findings needs to be further clarified.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Fundamental and clinical studies on ceftizoxime (author's transl)].

Ceftizoxime was tried in children with various infections and the following results were obtained. 1) Serum levels and urinary recovery of ceftizoxime were studied in 6 patients aged from 6 to 10 years. After intravenous bolus injection of 20 mg/kg, the mean serum concentrations were 113.9 micrograms/ml, 47.6 micrograms/ml, 31.8 micrograms/ml, 18.5 micrograms/ml, 6.3 micrograms/ml and 2.1 micrograms/ml at 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours and 6 hours, respectively. The average urinary recovery rates of ceftizoxime were 55.1%, 90.9% and 98.3% at 2 hours, 4 hours and 6 hours after the administration, respectively. 2) The therapeutic efficacy was excellent in 11, good in 9 and poor in 2 patients, the efficacy rate being 91%. 3) As for the side effects, elevation of S-GOT and S-GPT, and drug fever were observed in 1 case, but disappeared soon after discontinuation of the therapy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical trial of cefmenoxime in children].

Cefmenoxime (CMX) was intravenously administered to 20 children with the following bacterial infection; pneumonia in 14 cases, purulent meningitis in 2 cases, pyothorax in 2 cases, urinary tract infection in 1 case and brain abscess in 1 case. The daily dosage administered in meningitis, pyothorax and brain abscess ranged from 145-311 mg/kg/day, from 43-88 mg/kg/day in other bacterial infections. The therapeutic efficacy was excellent in 15, good in 3, poor in 2 patients, efficacy rate being 90%. Causative organisms were H. influenzae in 4 cases, S. aureus in 2 cases, Streptococcus sanguis in 1 case, E. coli in 1 case and unknown in 12 cases. All were eliminated with the exception of 2 strains of S. aureus after the administration of CMX. As for side effect, transient eosinophilia was only observed in 1 case.

Age Factors↗