Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Okada

Publications and source records attributed to T Okada.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Nationwide intradermal test with chironomid midge extract in asthmatic children in Japan].

Chironomidea (Insecta) is recently considered one of the most common inhalant antigen in Japan. Intradermal tests with Chironomus plumosus (CP) extract were undertaken on seven hundred and eighteen asthmatic children aged from 6 to 15 years in 10 areas (11 medical institutions) in Japan. The number of cases who showed positive intradermal tests with CP extract was 200 (27.9%) and the positive rate increased in proportion to their age (p less than 0.005). In each of the 11 medical institutions the positive rates ranged from 12.6% in Akita to 45.5% in Okinawa. There were no significant correlations between the results of the intradermal test with CP and those of RAST, prick test and intradermal test with mite, HD and silk, whereas correlation was noted in the prick test with silk (p less than 0.01). The CP positive asthmatics had significantly more attacks than the CP negative ones in the summer (p less than 0.01). The positive rate of asthmatics living near paddy or farm fields was significantly higher than that of those in urban residential areas (31.3% vs 23.8%, p less than 0.05). Chironomid midge is one of the most common and important allergen in Japan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical study of male patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)].

We studied 10 male and 23 female patients with PBC to determine whether the clinical and histological features of this disease differed in male and female patients. There were no significant difference between men and women in age distribution and biochemical examinations. In female patients, autoimmune associated conditions such as sicca syndrome, Raynaud syndrome and arthritis were observed 22%, 13% and 36%, respectively. By contrast, no male patients developed those conditions. 80% of the male patients and 70% of the female patients belonged to asymptomatic PBC, and early histological stage, such as Scheuer's I and II were observed 90% of the male patients and 78% of the female patients, respectively. No male patients showed clinical or histological progression during follow-up period (median was 64 months). Nevertheless, not a few female patients showed progression including 3 cases who died during the follow-up period (median was 47 months). We concluded that male patients with PBC tend to have favorable prognosis comparing to female patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Surgical treatment of aortic root aneurysm associating with infectious endocarditis].

From 1979 to 1989, aortic root aneurysms were encountered in 6 of the 30 patients who underwent surgical treatment for infectious endocarditis. Four patients underwent aortic valve replacement and direct or patch closure of the orifice of aortic root aneurysm. In additional 2 patients with infected aneurysm of right coronary sinus of Valsalva rupturing into the right ventricle, the aneurysm and infected tissue in the right ventricular outflow tract were completely resected and the defect of aortic sinus and VSD were closed with double Teflon fabric patches. All patients survived postoperatively, however, one patients died 1.5 months after the operation probably due to rupture of mycotic aneurysm of cerebral artery. Another late death seemed to be concerned with recurrent aortic root aneurysm, in which case direct closure of aneurysm had been performed. We believe that even if the aneurysm seems to be small, its orifice should be closed with the use of a fabric patch to prevent recurrent aneurysm formation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Heart rate changes in sleep apnea syndrome].

Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is often associated with arrhythmias. The study was performed to clarify the characteristics and mechanisms of the heart rate (HR) changes during and after sleep induced apneas. Thirty-one patients with SAS without definitive heart disease, aged 17-78 years (mean 54.2 years), were examined by electroencephalograms, electrocardiograms, electrooculograms, nasal and oral breathing, thoracic and abdominal respiratory movements and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). [Results and Discussion] At the onset of sleep apnea, some showed progressive reductions in HR, followed by abrupt tachycardia on the resumption of breathing. Thirty-one patients with SAS were classified into three Groups (A, B, C). Group A demonstrated that HR changes occurred associated with apnea both in stage REM and in stage non-REM. Group B demonstrated that HR changes occurred associated with apnea only in stage REM. Group C demonstrated that HR changes did not occur associated with apnea. In Group A, apnea frequency and apnea index were higher than those of Group C. In Group A, the lowest SaO2 was lower than that of Group C, total time under 90% of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was longer than that of Group C. There was a good negative correlation between oxygen saturation and HR changes. Further, HR changes were augmented by arousal response. This might be related to the arousal response as well as to the cardiostimulatory effects of hypoxia associated with increased ventilation. The arousability in response to apneas might be important in HR changes. In SAS, the degree of HR changes was related to apnea frequency, apnea index, apnea length and sleep stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Right ventricular myxoma complicated by paroxysmal atrial tachycardia: a surgical case report].

A rare case of right ventricular myxoma complicated by paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) is presented. A 13-year-old boy was referred to our hospital because of the recurrent episodes of PAT. Every available medical treatment was tried to reverse the PAT, during which an abnormal mass in the right ventricle was found by echocardiography. Subsequently magnetic resonance imaging computed tomography demonstrated that the tumor developed from the anterior wall of right ventricle with a pedicle. A 10 g of reddish myxomatous mass originating from the base of anterior papillary muscle was resected including the stalk during total cardiopulmonary bypass. The transient paroxysmal atrial tachycardia developed shortly after operation, however, tachycardic episode has never recurred after that. It is noteworthy that intracardiac evaluation is necessary when there is longstanding and inveterate tachyarrhythmia in otherwise healthy children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[A case of progeria syndrome with cerebral infarction].

Cerebrovascular involvement is rare in progeria syndrome (Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome). A patient with progeria syndrome, who developed cerebral infarction, was reported. At 7 years of age, she suffered from right hemiplegia and transient ischemic attacks. X-ray CT showed multiple low density lesions in left frontal and parieto-occipital areas, which were enhanced with a contrast medium. Cerebral angiography demonstrated complete occlusion of left carotid artery and narrowing of vertebral artery. Brain imaging using 123I-N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP SPECT), which expressed regional cerebral blood flow, showed extensive perfusion defect over the left cerebral hemisphere in early scans, and redistribution phenomena in late scans. The symptoms improved gradually, which correlated well with 123I IMP-SPECT findings. This method will be useful to determine the prognosis as well as to understand changeable hemodynamic pathophysiology. A slowing of back ground on EEG also correlated well with clinical symptoms. It was necessary to examine the possibility of cerebrovascular involvement in progeria.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1990

Measurement of bronchial hyperreactivity in infants and preschool children using a new method.

We report a new method for examination of bronchial reactivity by measuring transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcPO2) during the inhalation of histamine in stepwise incremental concentrations. The correlation between changes in tcPO2 and those in PEFR or FEV1 was high (P less than .001). When the fall in PEFR or FEV1 was more than 20% compared with baseline, the fall in tcPO2 was more than 10%. We also measured the dose of radiolabeled aerosol (99mTc-DTPA) inhaled into the lung using a scintillation camera. When aerosol is inhaled during tidal breathing, there are adequate correlations between the dose of aerosol in the lung and both the age and height of the patients (P less than .001). When aerosol was inhaled during crying, little deposit within the lung was shown. When the inhalation challenge test was done during a sleeping period for children aged under 2 years, the loading dose of aerosol in the lung was sufficient. The geometrical means of respiratory threshold of histamine (RT-Hist) among 106 asthmatic and 11 control children, aged 2 to 6 years, were 1182 and 4414 micrograms/mL, respectively. The means of RT-Hist in 17 children with bronchial asthma, nine with atopic dermatitis, five with respiratory disease, and nine controls, aged under 2 years, were 1152, 964, 544, and 3402 micrograms/mL, respectively.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of the patients with epilepsy following febrile convulsions].

We studied clinical, EEG and developmental features of 46 epileptic children following febrile convulsions. Incidence of developing epilepsy was 9.9 percent. Eleven patients (group G) out of 46 had generalized epileptic seizures, and 34 patients (group P) had partial seizures. Febrile convulsions of early onset, partial seizures and postictal neurological symptoms were more striking in group P (p less than 0.05), whereas febrile convulsions of late onset and prolonged seizures were slightly dominant in group G. And EEG abnormalities were more frequent in group P (p less than 0.05). Group P patients had significant number of risk factors (complex features of febrile convulsions) than group G patients (p less than 0.01). The interval between the last febrile convulsion and subsequent epileptic seizures was shorter in group G (p less than 0.01). Although subsequent epileptic seizures were well controlled in the both groups (91% in group G and 82% in group P), intractable seizures were recognized in 9% of group P patients. The patients who had risk factors of prolonged seizures, postictal neurological symptoms and early onset manifested poor controlled epileptic seizures (p less than 0.01). Motor or mental deficits were more frequently associated with group P: in some patients they had been observed before the onset of febrile convulsions. These results suggest that pathogenesis of epilepsy following febrile convulsions may be different among various seizure types of subsequent epilepsy. And the risk factors during febrile convulsions may be related to the prognosis of subsequent epileptic seizures as well as the incidence of developing epilepsy.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of silicone oil on the ocular tissues].

It has been pointed out that the silicone oil tamponade can result in complications such as corneal damage, elevation of intraocular pressure and retinal toxicity against. The effect of silicone oil on the ocular tissues was investigated histopathologically by injecting silicone oil into the anterior chamber of the eyes of rabbits. In addition, in order to study its effect on the retina, silicone oil was injected into the vitreous cavity after vitrectomy. The eyes were extracted 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months after injection and various tissues were observed by light and electron microscopy. Silicone oil particles were first observed in the retro-corneal membrane 18 months after injection. In the trabecular meshwork silicone oil particles were seen for the first time 12 months after injection. Migrating cells engulfing silicone oil particles were attached to the internal limiting membrane of the retina three months after injection. Twelve and 18 months after injection, silicone oil particles passed through the internal limiting membrane and were engulfed by Mueller cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of norfloxacin in pediatrics].

We have evaluated the effectiveness and safety of norfloxacin (NFLX) in 18 children with infectious diseases. Doses ranging from 5.6 to 18.8 mg/kg/day for t.i.d. or q.i.d. were used. The causative bacteria were Campylobacter jejuni in 3 cases, Salmonella typhimurium in 1, Staphylococcus aureus in 2, Haemophilus influenzae in 1 and unknown in 11 cases. Except 1 strain of S. aureus, all the bacteria mentioned above were eradicated. Clinical effects were excellent in 8, good in 8, poor in 2, and the total efficacy rate was 88.9%. No side effects nor abnormal laboratory test results were observed. These results have shown that the NFLX is a usefull drug for infectious diseases in the pediatric field.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Heterogeneity in lectin-binding characteristics of human lymphokine-activated killer cells.

The binding of various lectins to human lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells was investigated. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured for 3 days with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2), and then stained with 20 kinds of lectins. There were four types of lectin-binding patterns: (a) negative staining; (b) weakly positive staining; (c) strongly positive staining; and (d) two populations, one weakly and one strongly positive staining. Among the 20 kinds of lectins, both Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) and Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA) showed two peaks in the staining patterns on LAK cells (type 4). We separated these two populations of LAK cells by using a cell sorter, and assayed them for cytotoxic activity against 51Cr-labeled Hela cells. The LAK cells that were strongly stained by LCA or PSA [LCA (or PSA)-bright LAK cells] showed stronger cytotoxic activity than the LAK cells that were weakly stained by LCA or PSA [LCA (or PSA)-dull LAK cells]. Furthermore, we separated lymphocytes with LCA or PSA before culturing them with rIL-2 (LAK precursor), and we found that both LCA-bright and PSA-bright lymphocytes can develop into LAK cells with higher cytolytic activity. LCA-bright lymphocytes kept their ability to be stained strongly with LCA even after culture with rIL-2 for 3 days. Similarly, LCA-dull lymphocytes were still stained weakly after culture with rIL-2. Two-color assay of LAK cells revealed that 78% of NK (CD16+)-LAK cells and 46% of T (CD3+)-LAK cells were LCA-bright cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1990

[An operative case of benign schwannoma originating in the intrathoracic vagal nerve].

A 50-years-old man was admitted with cough and abnormal shadow on the chest film. The tumor originated from the left vagal nerve in the antero-superior mediastinum. Subcapsular extirpation was performed to save the nerve function, since the tumor located in the site proximal to the branching point of the recurrence nerve. Pathological diagnosis was a benign schwannoma. Though H-E and Bodian stain did not show any nerve fibers in the schwannoma, postoperative hoarseness arose. In this country, 4 cases of subcapsular extirpation have been performed, but all of them had postoperative hoarseness. We think that postoperative hoarseness cannot be prevented by the subcapsular extirpation.

Cranial Nerve Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

[Sudden cardiac death in the emergency hospital].

We investigated 303 (men: women = 2:1) cases who suffered sudden heart arrest in Yamagata city since 1984 to 1987. The incidence rate was 41.0/100,000/year, and increased markedly with increasing age. There was a tendency for sudden death to occur in the winter season, evening and early morning. Two major causes were cardiac disease (especially ischemic heart disease) (46.4%) and intracranial hemorrhages (18.6%). 20% of all the heart-arrest cases were able to be saved, but, depending on the kind of heart disease the survival rate varied greatly (18.8% in acute myocardial infarction and 71.4% in vasospastic angina), (40.0% in ventricular fibrillation and 13.3% in the bradycardic arrhythmias). Survival rate was also effected by the time interval from the onset till the beginning of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. About one half of the cases had histories of cardiac disease. Premonitory symptoms were observed in at least one third of the cases.

Death, Sudden↗
PubMed1989

[MRI of brainstem contusion].

Three cases of brainstem contusion in whom the lesion could not be found by x-ray computed tomography (CT) but was identified clearly by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were reported. CT is apparently very useful in detecting the hemorrhagic components in patients with acute head injury, and it will definitely retain its important role in the management of emergency patients with possible life-threatening intracranial hemorrhage. MRI has been also known to be very useful in the diagnosis of patients with head injuries, especially in the detection of contusion in the frontal base, tip and the base of the temporal lobe, and the brainstem. T2-weighted images are the best for demonstrating such traumatic contusion of the brain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Demonstration of functional immaturity of signal transduction pathways in human cord T cells.

We examined the nature of cytoplasmic signal transduction pathways in cord blood T cells by stimulating them with tumor promoter (TPA) and calcium ionophore (A23187). Costimulation of T cells with TPA and A23187 induced optimal proliferative responses on Day 2 in cord T cells but on Day 4 in adult T cells. The maximal responses observed in cord T cells were much less than those of adult T cells, whereas the Con A-induced proliferative responses of these cells showed no significant differences. The reduced responses of cord T cells were due to their lower efficiency in activating the cellular events in T cell activation and proliferation phase, because cord T cells have significantly less ability than adult T cells to express IL-2 receptor as well as HLA-DR and produce IL-2 molecules, thereby inducing proliferation. These data show immature characteristics of intracellular signal transduction pathways in cord T cells, which are directly related with the functional immaturity of cord T cells.

Adult↗